TEKSTİL ATIK SUYUNDA HRP-CLEA İLE HİDROJEN PEROKSİDİN GİDERİLMESİ İÇİN ÖLÇEK BÜYÜTME TASARIMININ MODELLENMESİ VE SİMÜLASYONU

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant chemical used asa bleach in the textile industry and it is important to remove it from water before being released to the environment. The oxidizing substrate of peroxidase (HRP) enzyme is hydrogen peroxide. In this study, cross-linked aggregates (CLEA) of HRP enzyme were used to remove hydrogen peroxide and glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a crosslinking agent.When the kinetic constants of the free peroxidase enzyme were calculated, saturation constant was 0,06965 mmol H2O2/L and maximum specific rate constant was found as 0.0232mmol H2O2/L.sec. Average saturation constant, Kmof HRP-CLEA was found as 0,00625 mmol H2O2/L, and average maximum specific rate constant value, Vm, was calculated as 0.0699x10-3 mmol H2O2/L.sec in wastewater without dye. More then 90 % H2O2removal was achieved in 15 minutes with HRP-CLEA. The removal of the wastewater containing H2O2(0.02M) was completed in five minutes.In the scale-up approach, the data was evaluated using the Euler solution algorithm and the H2O2removal in the efficiency factor range where the kinetic constants change was calculated. Assuming the reaction rate changes linearly, the activity variations that will occur during scaling up with the enzyme in aggregate form were determined in the range of 125% -50%, and the industrial-scale design was modelled by taking into account the activity factors. In scaling up, concentrations that will occur in the increased reaction volume have been simulated. The results obtained showed that HRP-CLEAs are more advantageous than free enzyme in terms of time and cost

Toluenin gaz evresindeki benzaldehite oksidasyonu reaksiyonunda reaktör tasarım parametrelerinin incelenmesi ve uygun reaktör tasarımı

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.Bu çalışmada toluenin gaz evresinde katalitik oksidasyonu molibdentrioksit ve vanadyumpentaoksit esaslı katalizörler üzerinde araştırılarak en seçimli katalizör belirlenmiş ve bu katalizör ile yapılan deneylerde toluen debisi, katalizör miktar- 79 - SUMMARY In this work gas-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene over various MoO^ and V^O^ catalyts is studied. The most selective catalyst for conversion of toluene to benzaldhyde is determined and the effects of parameters such as amount of the ca

Investigation of isomerization kinetics of m-xylene

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.IV ABSTRACT INVESTIGATION OF ISOMERIZATION KINETICS OF M-XYLENE OğuzAKPOLAT Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gönül GÜNDÜZ July 1998, 137 pages In this work, gas-phase isomerization reaction of m-xylene was studied over various catalysts including Ni, Sn, Pt, Ga, Re or Zr in different compositions. Alumina and zeolite have been employed as carriers. The catalysts prepared were characterized and the most selective catalyst was determined after a selectivity screening test. The most selective catalysts were found to be the ones prepared over ZSM5 carriers and consisting of Ga and/or Pt as active components. Kinetics of the reaction was studied over the most selective catalysts and it was found that experimental data were pretty well suited to the kinetic model developed. Keywords: Isomerization, m-xyleneHI ÖZET M-KSİLENİNİZOMERİZASYON KİNETİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI AKPOLAT, Oğuz Doktora Tezi, Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr Gönül GÜNDÜZ Temmuz 1998, 137 sayfa Bu çalışmada m-ksilenin gaz fazında izomerizasyon reaksiyonu, alumina ve zeolit taşıyıcılı farklı Ni, Sn, Pt, Ga, Re ya da Zr bileşiminde hazırlanan ve bazı yapısal özellikleri de belirlenen muhtelif katalizörler üzerinde denenmiştir. Bu katalizörler ile yapılan seçimlilik denemeleri sonucunda p-ksüene dönüşme ve seçimlilik açısından en iyi oldukları saptanan Pt ve Ga promotorları içeren ZSM5 taşıyıcılı iki katalizör üzerinde bu reaksiyonun kinetiği araştırılmış ve geliştirilen reaksiyon modelinin deneysel verilere oldukça iyi uyduğu gözlenmiştir

Effects of emotional intelligence levels' health employees on their motivation

Çalışmanın amacı, sağlık çalışanlarının duygusal zekâ ve motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve duygusal zekânın motivasyon üzerindeki etkisini saptamak ve çalışanların kişisel özelliklerinin duygusal zekâ ve motivasyon üzerinde anlamlı farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemektir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Davies ve arkadaşları (1998) tarafından geliştirilen duygusal zekâ ve Gagné, ve arkadaşları (2010) tarafından geliştirilen işte motivasyon ölçekleri ile çalışanların kişisel özelliklerinden oluşan bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. 05-30 Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya 492 sağlık çalışanı katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler, bağımsız örneklerde t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre duygusal zekâ ile motivasyon arasında pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki (r307) bulunmaktadır. Duygusal zekâ çalışanların motivasyonunu olumlu yönde etkilemektedir (R{2}0,084). Motivasyon ve duygusal zekâ arasında anlamlı ve olumlu bir ilişki bulunmakta ve duygusal zekâ motivasyonu istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemektedir.The purposes of this study are to determine relationship between emotional intelligence and motivations of health employees and effect of emotional intelligence on motivation, and to reveal whether or not differences according to their socio-demographic characteristics. Data was collected with a questionnaire which were composed the emotional intelligence scale was developed by Davies and colleagues (1998) the motivation at work scale was developed by Gagné and colleagues (2010) and socio-demographical characteristics of health employees. Survey, was performed in 5-30 April 2011 in four hospitals that have been operating in Sakarya. 492 health employees participated in the study. Descriptive statistical methods, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze of data. According to findings there are positive and highly significant relationships between emotional intelligence and motivation (r0,307). Emotional intelligence has a statistically significant effect on motivation (R{2}0,084). According to results, there were significant and positive relationships between motivation and emotional intelligence, and emotional intelligence had a statistically significant effect on motivation

İlkokul ve Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinde Örgütsel Sinizmin İşe Yabancılaşma Düzeyine Etkisi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kamu ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapmakta olan öğretmenlerin, örgütsel sinizm tutumlarının işe yabancılaşma düzeyine etkisini araştırmaktır. Örgütsel sinizm en yalın haliyle çalışanların örgütlerine karşı olumsuz tutum içinde olmalarıdır. Örgütsel sinizmin sonuçlarından biri olan yabancılaşma, günümüzde birçok şekilde karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. İşe yabancılaşmanın iş gören üzerindeki etkilerinin bazıları; iş ve yaşam doyumunun azalması, verimliliğin düşmesi, motivasyonsuzluk, işten kaçma ve işe karşı soğumadır. Araştırma tarama modelindedir. Araştırmada “Öğretmenlere Yönelik Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği” (Sağır-Akpolat ve Oğuz, 2012) ile Elma (2003) tarafından geliştirilmiş “İşe Yabancılaşma Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi Samsun Büyükşehir Belediyesine bağlı dört merkez ilçede (Atakum, Canik, İlkadım, Tekkeköy) görev yapan 407 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, öğretmenler örgütsel sinizmi, en çok performansı düşüren etkenler boyutunda hissetmekte ve işe yabancılaşma düzeyleri ise en çok güçsüzlük boyutundadır

Analysis waste water characteristics via data mining: A Muğla province case and external validation

This study is related to the analysis of characteristic parameters of domestic wastewater samples which are collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants located in the provinces of Muğla in Turkey. Used parameters are pH, temperature, conductivity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, salinity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and biological oxygen demand. As 7 of these 12 parameters selected, pH, temperature, suspended solids, COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and biological oxygen demand, can be measured within a day, chemical laboratory analysis of the BOD5 (biological oxygen demand) parameter lasts 5 days to be tested. The objective of the study is to find a data analysis model to predict BOD5 using other 6 parameters. Our dataset consists of from 334 samples which ware collected on a daily basis. The effects of those 6 parameters on BOD5 were examined by decision tree and artificial neural networks methods using KNIME data mining package. In total 53% of samples in the dataset have a BOD5 value which is lower than 100. About 15.3% are between 100 and 200; 12.6% of samples have got BOD5values which are between 450 and 550, and the rest are higher than 550. Our results suggest that the most important parameter which affects BOD5 value is COD. If the COD is less than or equal to 214.93, the value of BIO5 is between 0 and 100 and, its frequency of occurrence is 98.6%. When COD is greater than 214.93, BOD5 never exceeds 200. In this case, the probability of BOD5 being between 100 and 200 is only 1.4%. In cases the chemical oxygen requirement is between 214.93 and 390.445, the most important parameter in predicting the value of BOD5 is the total phosphorus value. In the study, we present the analysis and discuss the results in detail

Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Winglets on the Tip Vortex Behavior of a Model Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Particle Image Velocimetry

This study presents an experimental investigation on the effects of winglets on the near wake flow around the tip region and on the tip vortex characteristics downstream of a 0.94 m diameter three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor. Phase-locked 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed with and without winglets covering 120 deg of azimuthal progression of the rotor. The impact of using winglets on the flow field near the wake boundary as well as on the tip vortex characteristics such as the vortex convection, vortex core size, and core expansion as well as the resultant induced drag on the rotor are investigated. Results show that winglets initially generate an asymmetric co-rotating vortex pair, which eventually merge together after about ten tip chords downstream to create a single but nonuniform vortex structure. Mutual induction of the initial double vortex structure causes a faster downstream convection and a radially outward motion of tip vortices compared to the baseline case. The wake boundary is shifted radially outward, velocity gradients are diffused, and vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy levels are significantly reduced across the wake boundary. The tip vortex core sizes are three times as big compared to those of the baseline case, and within the vortex core, vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy levels are reduced more than 50%. Results show consistency with various vortex core and expansion models albeit with adjusted model coefficients for the winglet case. The estimated induced drag reduction is about 15% when winglets are implemented

Isomerization of α-pinene over calcined natural zeolites

In this work, isomerization reaction of α-pinene was studied over several heat-treated natural zeolite catalysts, rich in clinoptilolite, from Balýkesir-Bigadic region in Turkey in a batch slurry reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Zeolite samples were calcined at different temperatures such as 300, 450 and 600°C. All catalysts were tested in the isomerization reaction of α-pinene and were characterised by nitrogen adsorption experiments, IR, and XRD measurements. Acidity strength and the distribution of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites of the samples were determined. Selectivities to main reaction products, camphene and limonene, and reaction kinetics were investigated. Catalytic activity, that is total conversion of α-pinene, of heat-treated samples decreased with increasing calcination temperatures. Selectivity to limonene is dependent on α-pinene conversion at high conversion levels while the selectivity to camphene is not. The formation of heavy products increased with treatment temperature. It was seen that α-pinene consumption could be described by a first-order kinetics.Turkish Scientific Research Council under Project MISAG-12