Evaluating Pooled Evidence from the Reemployment Bonus Experiments

Social experiments conducted in Pennsylvania and Washington tested the effect of offering Unemployment Insurance (UI) claimants a cash bonus for rapid reemployment. This paper combines data from the two experiments and uses a consistent framework to evaluate the experiments and determine with greater certainty the extent to which a reemployment bonus can affect economic outcomes. Bonus offers in each of the experiments generated statistically significant but relatively modest reductions in UI receipt. Since the estimated impacts on UI receipt were modest, the reemployment bonuses did not generate the UI savings necessary to pay for administering and paying the bonuses. Hence, contrary to earlier findings from a bonus experiment conducted in Illinois, findings from the Pennsylvania and Washington experiments strongly suggest that a reemployment bonus is not a cost-effective method of speeding the reemployment of UI claimants.unemployment, insurance, bonus, experiments, O'Leary, Decker

Homeostasis, failure of homeostasis and degenerate ion channel regulation

Most neurons express a wide variety of ion channels with diverse properties, providing a rich toolbox for tuning neural function. Coexpressed channel types are often degenerate: they share overlapping roles in shaping electrophysiological properties. This can allow one set of channels to compensate the role of others, thus making nervous systems robust to perturbations such as channel deletions and mutations, expression noise or environmental disturbances. In tandem, activity-dependent homeostatic mechanisms can actively regulate channel expression to counteract perturbations by sensing changes in physiological activity. However, recent work shows that in spite of degeneracy and homeostatic regulation, the compensatory outcome of a perturbation can be unpredictable. Sometimes a single mutation in an ion channel gene can be catastrophic, while in other contexts a similar loss of function might be compensated. Compensation sometimes fails even when there may be many potential ways to compensate using available channels. Theoretical models show how homeostatic mechanisms that regulate degenerate conductances can fail and even cause pathologies through aberrant compensation

Ultrasonic wave propagation in cylindrical vessels and implications for ultrasonic reactor design

Reactors in which processes are enhanced by ultrasound are hampered by the lack of a theoretical framework on their design. Simulation results of ultrasonic wave propagation in a cylindrical geometry are presented in this work, which are then used to develop guidelines for the design of ultrasonic reactors. These guidelines are used to design a new type of reactor with a novel geometry, operating at a frequency of 27kHz, 39kHz and 82kHz. This reactor is characterized using Weissler's reaction dosimetr

Cost-Effectiveness of Targeted Reemployment Bonuses

Targeting reemployment bonus offers to unemployment insurance (UI) claimants identified as most likely to exhaust benefits is estimated to reduce benefit payments. While earlier research indicated that non-targeted reemployment bonus offers would not be good public policy, in this paper we show that targeting bonus offers with profiling models similar to those in state Worker Profiling and Reemployment Services (WPRS) systems can improve their cost effectiveness. Since estimated average benefit payments do not steadily decline as the eligibility screen is gradually tightened, we find that narrow targeting is not optimal. The best candidate to emerge for a targeted reemployment bonus is a low bonus amount with a long qualification period, targeted to the half of profiled claimants most likely to exhaust their UI benefit entitlement.reemployment, bonus, UI, personal, accounts, PRA, unemployment, insurance, Upjohn, Institute, O'Leary, Decker, Wandner

Innovations in immersive technology and artificial intelligence to enhance the golden skillsets of effective communication and collaboration

This longitudinal appraisal provides empirical evidence that higher education needs to concentrate even more on developing graduates with strengths in communications and collaborations, alongside the focus on subject capability. Immersive technology and artificial intelligence provide innovative means of catalysing such growth, examples including the emergence of soft-skills development through platforms such as Bodyswaps (2024) and others. Using primary baseline data from ten years ago, a Journal of Education and Work paper (O’Leary, 2017) confirmed a series of disciplinary variations in employability-related support across higher education institutions. A complementary Studies in Higher Education publication (O’Leary, 2021) highlighted that gendered inconsistencies in such provision were of an indirect nature, as they reflected variable provision across disciplinary subject areas while persistent gendered choices of degree subject matter exist. The third study (O’Leary et.al., 2024) assesses progress and establishes future priorities for course developments. The first study outlined that variations exist in how students and graduates prefer to see employabilityrelated support delivered in their courses. Nine in ten want it included, but differences exist as to whether it is best provided as an optional feature (the desire within Humanities and Sciences), or it is fully integrated into the course (the preference in Engineering and Social Sciences). However, the second study highlighted that actual student and graduate experiences of employability-related support vary and, as a result, more female students and graduates appear to miss out because of the variations across disciplinary areas and the fact that females are predominant in those subject fields where the visibility of employability-related support is relatively lower. To complement the earlier studies and establish a longitudinal perspective over the last decade, the third study (O’Leary et.al., 2024) was recently completed by over one hundred students and graduates. A preliminary assessment of the data has been made for this proposal, and the full analysis continues to progress. The initial appraisal indicates that the gaps previously exposed are closing and the focus for future course developments should be on developing graduates with strengths in communication and collaboration, as well as on capability. Opportunities to enhance such golden skills exist using immersive technologie

On the local integrability and boundedness of solutions to quasilinear parabolic systems

We introduce a structure condition of parabolic type, which allows for the generalization to quasilinear parabolic systems of the known results of integrability, and boundedness of local solutions to singular and degenerate quasilinear parabolic equations

Analysis of ultrasonic transducers with fractal architecture

Ultrasonic transducers composed of a periodic piezoelectric composite are generally accepted as the design of choice in many applications. Their architecture is normally very regular and this is due to manufacturing constraints rather than performance optimisation. Many of these manufacturing restrictions no longer hold due to new production methods such as computer controlled, laser cutting, and so there is now freedom to investigate new types of geometry. In this paper, the plane wave expansion model is utilised to investigate the behaviour of a transducer with a self-similar architecture. The Cantor set is utilised to design a 2-2 conguration, and a 1-3 conguration is investigated with a Sierpinski Carpet geometry

Cell types, network homeostasis, and pathological compensation from a biologically plausible ion channel expression model.

How do neurons develop, control, and maintain their electrical signaling properties in spite of ongoing protein turnover and perturbations to activity? From generic assumptions about the molecular biology underlying channel expression, we derive a simple model and show how it encodes an "activity set point" in single neurons. The model generates diverse self-regulating cell types and relates correlations in conductance expression observed in vivo to underlying channel expression rates. Synaptic as well as intrinsic conductances can be regulated to make a self-assembling central pattern generator network; thus, network-level homeostasis can emerge from cell-autonomous regulation rules. Finally, we demonstrate that the outcome of homeostatic regulation depends on the complement of ion channels expressed in cells: in some cases, loss of specific ion channels can be compensated; in others, the homeostatic mechanism itself causes pathological loss of function.Charles A. King TrustThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Cell Press (Elsevier) via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.002

Geomorphology and late Holocene accretion history of Adele Reef: a northwest Australian mid-shelf platform reef

The mid-shelf reefs of the Kimberley Bioregion are one of Australia’s more remote tropical reef provinces and such have received little attention from reef researchers. This study describes the geomorphology and late Holocene accretion history of Adele Reef, a mid-shelf platform reef, through remote sensing of contemporary reef habitats, shallow seismic profiling, shallow percussion coring and radiocarbon dating. Seismic profiling indicates that the Holocene reef sequence is 25 to 35 m thick and overlies at least three earlier stages of reef build-up, interpreted as deposited during marine isotope stages 5, 7 and 9 respectively. The cored shallow subsurface facies of Adele Reef are predominantly detrital, comprising small coral colonies and fragments in a sandy matrix. Reef cores indicate a ‘catch-up’ growth pattern, with the reef flat being approximately 5–10 m deep when sea level stabilised at its present elevation 6,500 years BP. The reef flat is rimmed by a broad low-relief reef crest only 10–20 cm high, characterised by anastomosing ridges of rhodoliths and coralliths. The depth of the Holocene/last interglacial contact (25–30 m) suggests a subsidence rate of 0.2 mm/year for Adele Reef since the last interglacial. This value, incorporated with subsidence rates from Cockatoo Island (inshore) and Scott Reefs (offshore), provides the first quantitative estimate of hinge subsidence for the Kimberley coast and adjacent shelf, with progressively greater subsidence across the shelf