Embodied Lines:Creating withness through perceived, bodily, and imagined lines

Three major components of our experience are our mind, our body, and our environment. This practice-based research investigates a new way of looking at these three categories through dance and movement practices in order to find a common language between them. The study of lines offers that link. Our body creates lines. It creates lines when moving by leaving temporary traces, as when we dance or swing our limbs. Our mind creates lines when we imagine events along a timeline or when delineating conceptual borders, like between nature and nurture. Our body also visually and sensually perceives lines in our environment, organizing the world around us in straight and organic lines. Through our body, lines become a fundamental part of our experience. In this research, lines are the topic, the research method, and the data. This in itself is a complex and hypnotizing land- scape to ponder. Besides contributing to the new field of Linealogy, this research is carving out its own territory by defining the term Embodied Lines as a specific way to approach the topic of lines. Each chapter presents theoretical insights combined with artistic artifacts of embodied knowledge. Main theories approached around the topic of lines include: Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson), Affordance Theory (Gibson), Asymmetry Principle (Leyton), Material Engagement Theory (Malafouris), Linear Design and Linear Pattern (Sheets-Johnstone), and Vitality Affects (Stern). In turn, lines are proposed as a way to think of and create situated moments that bring awareness to withness knowledge, a term proposed by John Shotter

Acquiring and sharing tacit knowledge in software development teams: An empirical study

Context: Sharing expert knowledge is a key process in developing software products. Since expert knowledge is mostly tacit, the acquisition and sharing of tacit knowledge along with the development of a transactive memory system (TMS) are significant factors in effective software teams. Objective: We seek to enhance our understanding human factors in the software development process and provide support for the agile approach, particularly in its advocacy of social interaction, by answering two questions: How do software development teams acquire and share tacit knowledge? What roles do tacit knowledge and transactive memory play in successful team performance? Method: A theoretical model describing the process for acquiring and sharing tacit knowledge and development of a TMS through social interaction is presented and a second predictive model addresses the two research questions above. The elements of the predictive model and other demographic variables were incorporated into a larger online survey for software development teams, completed by 46 software SMEs, consisting of 181 individual team members. Results: Our results show that team tacit knowledge is acquired and shared directly through good quality social interactions and through the development of a TMS with quality of social interaction playing a greater role than transactive memory. Both TMS and team tacit knowledge predict effectiveness but not efficiency in software teams. Conclusion: It is concluded that TMS and team tacit knowledge can differentiate between low- and high-performing teams in terms of effectiveness, where more effective teams have a competitive advantage in developing new products and bringing them to market. As face-to-face social interaction is key, collocated, functionally rich, domain expert teams are advocated rather than distributed teams, though arguably the team manager may be in a separate geographic location provided that there is frequent communication and effective use of issue tracking tools as in agile teams

Rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution with unstabilised carbon nucleophiles: asymmetric construction of carbon-carbon bonds

The controlled formation of carbon-carbon bonds is the bedrock of organic chemistry, with the asymmetric construction of stereogenic carbon-carbon bonds remaining a key motivation for the development of novel synthetic methodologies. Transition metal catalysis provides an important strategy in the arsenal of the modern synthetic chemist. While there is a plethora of transition metal-catalysed cross-couplings for the formation of sp2-sp2 and achiral sp2-sp3 carbon bonds, there are relatively few methodologies for the selective formation of stereogenic sp-sp3, sp2-sp3 and sp3-sp3 carbon-carbon bonds, the number of which that involve highly reactive organometallic reagents are fewer still. Two methodologies that can enable this asymmetric coupling are copper-catalysed SN2’ allylic alkylation and transition metal-catalysed allylic substitution. The overall utility of both these methods is described in the introductory review, which seeks to compare and contrast the relative advantages and disadvantage of both approaches. The asymmetric formation of carbon-carbon bonds utilising unstabilised carbon nucleophiles is generally dominated by the copper-catalysed SN2’ allylic alkylation. However, the copper-catalysed reaction suffers from poor substrate scope, in which electronically biased or symmetrical substrates are required in order to ensure favourable regioselectivities. Another restriction is that, for the formation of a stereocenter, the reaction is mechanistically limited to disubstituted allylic substrates. These linear substrates often require a multistep synthesis which involves a selective olefination, as an isomeric mixture of alkenes would result in the erosion of asymmetric induction. In contrast, there has been very little development of the analogous transition metal-catalysed allylic substitution utilising unstabilised carbon nucleophiles, especially in comparison to the analogous methodologies utilising stabilised carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles. Despite the numerous potential advantages that are afforded by this approach, a general method for the regio- and stereoselective transition-metal catalysed allylic substitution utilising unstabilised carbon nucleophiles has yet to be reported. Chapter 2 describes the development of a novel regio- and stereoselective rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution reaction, which utilises benzyl magnesium bromide as an unstabilised carbon nucleophile. Following a brief introduction to the rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution reaction, this chapter is organised into four distinct sections. The first of these outlines the identification of a suitable nucleophile, and the subsequent development of reaction conditions for the regioselective alkylation of secondary allylic carbonates with a range of benzyl magnesium bromides transmetallated with zinc iodide. Then the next section will deal with studies toward the development of the stereospecific variant, these studies will highlight the main challenges of deploying a sp3-hybridised carbon nucleophile. This section will also determine the absolute stereochemical outcome of the reaction, thus confirming the inner sphere mechanism of the reaction. The third section will demonstrate that how the limitation of the stereospecific reaction, namely the fluxionality of the rhodium-enyl, can be utilised to develop a regio- and diastereoselective alkylation for the formation of 1,2-stereoarrays containing tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters. Finally, preliminary studies towards the expansion of this methodology to include an sp2-hybridised vinylic nucleophiles for the preparation of 1,4-skipped dienes will be detailed. Overall, we have developed a novel, highly regioselective rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution of secondary allylic carbonates utilising highly unstabilised carbon nucleophiles. We also have developed a highly diastereoselective allylic substitution for the construction of both tertiary and quaternary carbon stereocenters, which to best of our knowledge, has yet to be described in the context of rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution utilising an unstabilised carbon nucleophile. We have successfully carried out preliminary studies towards the development of a rhodium-catalysed allylic substitution utilising a vinyl organometallic reagent as nucleophile, as well

Using visualisation methods to analyse referral networks within community health care among patients aged 65 years and over

Community health care services are considered integral to overcoming future problems in health care. However, this sector faces its own challenges, such as how to organise services to provide coordinated care given: their physical distribution, patients using multiple services, increased patient use and differing patient needs. The aim of this work was to explore, analyse and understand patterns in community referrals for patients aged 65 years and over, and their use of multiple services through data visualisation. Working with a large community provider, these methods helped researchers and service managers to investigate questions that were otherwise difficult to answer from raw data. Each map focuses on a different characteristic of community referrals: patients reusing services, concurrent uses of different services and patterns of subsequent referrals. We apply these methods to routine patient data and discuss their implications in designing of a single point of access - a service for streamlining referrals

Home and Business Energy Reduction

Course Code: ENR/AEDE 4567The focus of our project is to reduce energy consumption community-wide by 20% over the next five years within the residential and commercial sectors. This 20% reduction is a goal within Green Memo III, set forth by the City of Columbus and Mayor Michael B. Coleman. Focusing on five objectives, we conducted research, gathered data on best practices from cities that have been making strides in this area, reached out to key energy providers, and provided a cost-benefit analysis on the financial feasibility of our goals. We hope to advise Columbus decision makers on how to effectively target homes and commercial buildings in order to market energy efficiency programs. We believe these programs will effectively reduce overall energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the City of Columbus.Academic Major: Environment, Economy, Development, and Sustainabilit

Measuring the Size, Scope & Scale of the Social Enterprise Sector in Manitoba

This project surveyed social enterprises in Manitoba during the spring and summer of 2011 to develop clear indicators of their size, market activities, and socio‐economic contributions. In this study, a social enterprise is defined as a business venture, owned or operated by a nonprofit organization that sells goods or provides services in the market to create a blended return on investment; financial, social, environmental, and cultural. Using this definition, researchers identified 266 operating social enterprises in Manitoba. Of the 266 social enterprises that received the survey, 118 responded. Indicators of socio‐economic contribution included sales and revenue, expenditures, employment, volunteer engagement, and clients served and trained. Respondents were asked to report results of the 2010 financial year. The following report is a summary of the survey findings. Prior to revealing the survey findings, this paper provides a brief history of the innovative approaches to community economic development that have been used in Manitoba. The province’s roots in community‐based economic models laid the foundation for Manitoba’s current social enterprises, which are found to be a diverse sector, composed of businesses meeting a range of poverty reduction, social, cultural or environmental goals. The survey results suggest that in 2010, the 118 responding social enterprises generated at least $55.4 million in cumulative revenue, including at least$41.5 million generated through sales. Responding social enterprises paid at least $25.3 million in salaries and wages to 3,752 people, of whom 3,450 were employed as part of the mission of the organization. We estimate that Manitoba social enterprises paid, on average, just over$20,000 in wages and salary per full‐time equivalent employee. Additionally, social enterprises trained 6,890 individuals, generated 5,870 volunteer opportunities, and provided services to an average of 4,200 people. This paper builds a strong case for stakeholders, community, funder, and government, to collaboratively value these distinct contributions and to support hospitable environments for social enterprises.BC‐Alberta Social Economy Research Alliance (BALTA), Canadian Community Economic Development Network (CCEDNet), Manitoba Social Enterprise Working Group, Assiniboine Credit Union, United Way of Winnipeg, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Mount Royal Universit

Revisiting the De-Radicalisation or Disengagement Debate: Public Attitudes to the Re-Integration of Terrorists

The article reports on the findings of an experimental survey which was conducted to ascertain the level of support and perceived effectiveness of using de-radicalisation programmes to re-integrate returning foreign fighters. Public support (or the lack of opposition) for re-integration programmes can be important in ensuring the programmes have the time, resources and opportunity to be successful however we know little about what wider society thinks about re-integration programmes. The article explores the extent to which the inclusion of de-radicalisation – in name and content – changes attitudes to a re-integration programme. This is relevant in showing attitudes to de-radicalisation over disengagement and whether de-radicalisation, while perhaps not more effective at the programme-level, is or is not more effective at generating public support for re-integration (and thereby facilitating the process itself). We find that the inclusion of de-radicalisation in the name and content of a re-integration programme to a small extent increases support for re-integration over a programme that uses the terms disengagement and desistance. However, we also find that while de-radicalisation increases support, it also decreases perceived effectiveness, leading respondents to feel it makes the country less safe and less likely to reduce the re-offending rate than if the programme excludes de-radicalisation. We argue this polarising effect is reflective of wider reasons for supporting the policies (e.g. de-radicalisation may be seen as a form of ideational/normative punishment) and that the term de-radicalisation may shift the framing of the problematic to entrenched social structures, thus rendering itself ineffective as a policy treatment. In terms of policy, we argue there is a necessity for greater openness about re-integration programmes and that governments would benefit from selling the programmes to the public. We conclude our paper with a justification of focusing further research on understanding public/community attitudes to re-integration programmes and understanding the PR of counter-terrorism policies more generally