18,133 research outputs found
Structures Produced by the Collision of Extragalactic Jets with Dense Clouds
We have investigated how several parameters can affect the results of a
collision between an extragalactic jet and a dense, intergalactic cloud,
through a series of hydrodynamic simulations. Such collisions are often
suggested to explain the distorted structures of some radio jets. However,
theoretical studies of this mechanism are in conflict over whether it can
actually reproduce the observations.
The parameters are the Mach number, and the relative densities of the jet and
the cloud to the ambient medium. Using a simple prescription we have produced
synthetic radio images for comparison with observations. These show that a
variety of structures may be produced from simple jet-cloud collisions. We
illustrate this with a few examples, and examine the details in one case. In
most cases we do not see a clear, sustained deflection. Lighter jets are
completely disrupted. The most powerful jets produce a hotspot at the impact
which outshines any jet emission and erode the cloud too quickly to develop a
deflected arm. It appears that moderate Mach numbers and density contrasts are
needed to produce bends in the radio structure. This explains the apparent
conflict between theoretical studies, as conclusions were based on different
values of these parameters. Shocks are produced in the ambient medium that
might plausibly reproduce the observed alignment of the extended emission line
regions with the radio axis.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Also available in html
version at http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/STAFF/S.Higgins/jcmnpaper/jc_mn.htm
Superconductivity in Heavy Alkaline-Earths Intercalated Graphites
We report the discovery of superconductivity below 1.65(6) K in
Sr-intercalated graphite SrC6, by susceptibility and specific heat (Cp)
measurements. In comparison with CaC6, we found that the anisotropy of the
upper critical fields for SrC6 is much reduced. The Cp anomaly at Tc is smaller
than the BCS prediction indicating an anisotropic superconducting gap for SrC6
similar to CaC6. The significantly lower Tc of SrC6 as compared to CaC6 can be
understood in terms of "negative" pressure effects, which decreases the
electron-phonon coupling for both in-plane intercalant and the out-of-plane C
phonon modes. We observed no superconductivity for BaC6 down to 0.3 K.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Relating Urban Morphologies To Movement Potentials Over Time: A diachronic study with Space Syntax of Liverpool, UK
In this paper we describe our observations of Liverpool’s (UK) syntactical patterning relating
to its urban network growth from 1850s to the present day. Liverpool’s rapid growth and
transformation provides a compelling case study of network configurations as they relate to
movement potentials over time. We argue that syntactical analysis of movement potentials
provides a tool for evidencing urban historical socio-spatial patterning. Urban patterning might
be shaped variously by historical factors such as socio-economic inequalities, labour divisions,
ethnicities or religious denominations. We have attempted to demonstrate how movement
potentials have persisted normatively along structural path-dependencies that underpin these
patterns.
We based our study on samples of three prominent centralities of Princes Avenue, Scotland
Road and Canning Place, across four periods: 1850s, 1890s, 1950s and contemporary. We
prepared Depthmap data samples using an arrayed visualization format, which allowed us to
make comparative observations of movement potentials as they converge and intersect across
various urban scales. This has allowed us to generate ‘internal’ perspectives on configurations
over time, to suggest some possible effects of city-scale morphologies on local spatial dynamics
Developing the legal information professional: A study of competency, education and training needs
Purpose: Legal information work has expanded with the growth in knowledge management and emergence of a new type of knowledge/information manager, the professional support lawyer. This study aims to investigate competency requirements for library-based information work in UK law firms, including the specialist subject knowledge required, methods of development and the impact on information professionals of professional support lawyers. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation used a pragmatic mixed-methods approach, including a mainly quantitative questionnaire, administered online to 64 legal information professionals, followed by eight semi-structured interviews and a focus group with four participants. A literature review informed the questionnaire design and contextualised the findings. Findings: The survey confirmed a broad range of competency requirements and clarified the specific subject knowledge needed. Participants favoured a varied combination of formal, and informal learning. Most participants also wanted specialised professional education for the sector. Research limitations/implications: The nature of the sample and use of categorised questions were limiting factors, partly compensated by inviting open-ended comments and follow-up interviews. A larger study using qualitative methods with professional support lawyers and fee-earners would provide a fuller more rounded picture. Practical implications: The findings indicate that the subject knowledge needed for legal information work in law firms is more extensive than for other sectors and suggest that information science departments should strengthen and extend curriculum content to reflect this need. Originality/value: The study has advanced the understanding of the competency, education and training needs of UK legal information professionals, challenging assumptions about academic/professional qualifications and illuminating the blend of competencies needed. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Adaptive weight estimator for quantum error correction
Quantum error correction of a surface code or repetition code requires the
pairwise matching of error events in a space-time graph of qubit measurements,
such that the total weight of the matching is minimized. The input weights
follow from a physical model of the error processes that affect the qubits.
This approach becomes problematic if the system has sources of error that
change over time. Here we show how the weights can be determined from the
measured data in the absence of an error model. The resulting adaptive decoder
performs well in a time-dependent environment, provided that the characteristic
time scale of the variations is greater than , with the duration of one error-correction cycle and
the typical error probability per qubit in one cycle.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Swift observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi: II. 1D hydrodynamical models of wind driven shocks
Following the early Swift X-ray observations of the latest outburst of the
recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi in February 2006 (Paper I), we present new 1D
hydrodynamical models of the system which take into account all three phases of
the remnant evolution. The models suggest a novel way of modelling the system
by treating the outburst as a sudden increase then decrease in wind mass-loss
rate and velocity. The differences between this wind model and previous
Primakoff-type simulations are described. A more complex structure, even in 1D,
is revealed through the presence of both forward and reverse shocks, with a
separating contact discontinuity. The effects of radiative cooling are
investigated and key outburst parameters such as mass-loss rate, ejecta
velocity and mass are varied. The shock velocities as a function of time are
compared to the ones derived in Paper I. We show how the manner in which the
matter is ejected controls the evolution of the shock and that for a
well-cooled remnant, the shock deceleration rate depends on the amount of
energy that is radiated away.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Six months of mass outflow and inclined rings in the ejecta of V1494 Aql
V1494 Aql was a very fast nova which reached a visual maximum of mv≃ 4.0 by the end of 1999 December 3. We report observations from 4 to 284 d after discovery, including submillimetre- and centimetre-band fluxes, a single MERLIN image and optical spectroscopy in the 410 to 700 nm range. The extent of the radio continuum emission is consistent with a recent lower distance estimate of 1.6 kpc. We conclude that the optical and radio emission arises from the same expanding ejecta. We show that these observations are not consistent with simple kinematical spherical shell models used in the past to explain the rise and fall of the radio flux density in these objects. The resolved remnant structure is consistent with an inclined ring of enhanced density within the ejecta. Optical spectroscopy indicates likely continued mass ejection for over 195 d, with the material becoming optically thin in the visible sometime between 195 and 285 d after outburst
Self-pulsation at 480 GHz from a two-color discrete mode laser diode
A discrete mode Fabry-Pérot laser is designed and fabricated to achieve two-color lasing. We demonstrate beating between the two laser modes and self-pulsation at 480 GHz
- …