Continuing Bonds with Children and Bereaved Young People: A Narrative Review

Background:- Finding alternative ways to reconnect with the deceased is a common feature of bereavement. However, it is currently unclear how bereaved children/young people establish and develop a ‘continuing bond’ with deceased family members. Aim:- To investigate how bereaved young people continue bonds with deceased family members. Design:- A systematically conducted narrative review was conducted using six electronic databases; CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed and BNI. Limiters were applied to peer-reviewed articles published in English. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Results:- Nineteen articles were included in the review. Three overarching themes were generated; unintended connections, intended connections, and internalised connections. Conclusion:- Bereaved young people establish a sense of connection with deceased family members through various means (e.g. unprovoked/spontaneous reminders, physical mementos, internalised memories). Some connections are unintended and occur spontaneously. However, other young people will specifically seek ways to remember the deceased to provide a sense of enduring connection

London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius A. xix: Bede, ''Vita S. Cuthberti" (prose and verse)

252. London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius A. xix Bede, ''Vita S. Cuthberti" (prose and verse) [Ker 217, Gneuss 401, Lowe 2.184] HISTORY: The main texts in the manuscript are Bede's prose and verse Lives of Saint Cuthbert, to which have been added an excerpt from Bede's "Historia ecclesiastica," miscellaneous epigrams, a prose note on the "Six Ages of Man," and neumed alleluia texts. Lapidge (1995: 143) describes the manuscript (his Siglum V) as "written in one of the mid-century phases of Anglo-Saxon Square minuscule script, and hence is dateable to c. 950." Dumville (1994: 139) characterizes the main script ofVitellius A. xix as phase II Anglo-Saxon Square minuscule, which he would date to the 930s. Ker (Cat.) notes that Vitellius A. xix comes from the same house as BL, Cotton Cleopatra A. iii [184] because each book was bound with a flyleaf from the same late-8c manuscript, Augustine, "De consensu evangelistarum" (cf. Lowe 1972: item 184). Bishop (1963: 93) connects Vitellius A. xix and Cleopatra A. iii to a group of manuscripts from St. Augustine's, Canterbury, of which Cambridge, Trinity College, B. 11. 2 (241) [77] is the chief, on the basis of the work of a common scribe. He also connects Vitellius A. xix to Harley 1117 [268] (see also Rollason [1989: 419] on the relationship of Vitellius A. xix to Harley 1117 and Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 183 [36]). Vitellius A. xix, Harley 1117, and Vatican City, Reg. lat. 204 [477] share a core of 13 glosses to the verse "Life" (Ker, Cat., 283). In the 16c,John Leland made occasional marginal notes on names and, according to Sheerin (1977), "meagre extracts" from Vitellius A. xix in his "Collectanea" (Cotton Julius C. vi; pr. Hearne 1774: 3.157-60). The manuscript was owned by Sir Robert Cotton whose autograph appears on f. 9r

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Eng. Hist. e. 49 (30481)

375. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Eng. hist. e. 49 (30481) Old English Orosius (fragment) [Ker 323, Gneuss/Lapidge 622] HISTORY: Eng. Hist. e. 49 comprises two complete leaves of the Old English translation of Orosius, "Historiae aduersus paganos." According to Bately (1980), these leaves were used as the wrapper of an octavo book. Its history is unknown. Scragg (2012: no. 889) dates the script to the first half of the l lc. Stokes finds the features of the script "not sufficiently diagnostic " to permit an identification, but finds it "closer to ... Wulfstanian products" than to manuscripts of other scriptoria (Stokes 2014: 112)

London, British Library, Stowe 104: Bede, "Historia ecclesiastica"; Cuthbert, "De obitu Bedae"; "Bede's Death Song," etc.

308. London, British Library, Stowe 104 Bede, "Historia ecclesiastica"; Cuthbert, "De obitu Bedae"; "Bede's Death Song," etc. [Ker 273, Gneuss -] HISTORY: Ker dates the writing of this copy of "Bede's Death Song" to "s. xii2." The early history of this manuscript is unknown. The Stowe manuscripts were owned by George Temple Nugent-Grenville, Marquis of Buckingham, and the majority of his collection came by bequest/purchase in 1804 from Thomas Astle, Keeper of Records in the Tower, d. 1803. The Stowe collection (so-called from the name of the Buckingham estate) was purchased by Bertram, fourth Earl of Ashburnham (1797-1878) in 1849 and acquired by purchase by the British Museum from theAshbumham estate in 1883 (see DLB 184.15-16)

Oxford, Bodleian Libray, Bodley 865 (SC 2737)

367. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 865 (SC 2737) Richard FitzRalph, Writings; "Colloquium hespericum"; Theodulf of Orleans, "Capitula'' [Ker 318, Gneuss/Lapidge 608,608.1] HISTORY: The present composite manuscript comprises three manuscripts of the 11c through the 15c (Sauer 1978: 38). Hans Sauer (1978: 38-45) dates Part 3, a bilingual version of the Capitula of Theodulf of Orleans (d. 821), to the first half of the llc and suggests a provenance at an unidentified center in the southwest (see also Scragg 2012: items 873-75). Stokes, noting the manuscript's later provenance in Exeter, suggests a possible connection of Part 3 to Crediton (2014: 142). Ker, who dates Part 2 to the first half of the 11c, speculates that Part 3, ff. 89-112, "may be the 'Regula clericorum que sit incipit Obsecro uos' in the Exeter catalogue of 1327" (Cat. 381). Part 3 was bound in the 15c with Part l, a 15c collection of writings by Richard FitzRalph (d. 1360), archbishop of Armagh (1347-1360), which once belonged to Richard Brounst, a 15c vicar choral at Exeter (Cat. 380-1 ). For a list of FitzRalph's writings see Greaney 1905: 242-43; see also Dunne 2013. Exeter was "a diocese with which FitzRalph had had strong personal links" (Walsh 1975: 226). Richard Brounst gave what is now Part 1 of the manuscript to Exeter Cathedral "exactly as [SC] no. 2015" (Summary Catalogue 2.1: 522 [=Bodley 162]). The notice for Bodley 162 identifies Brounst as vicar choral at Exeter in 1417 (Summary Catalogue 2.1: 164). The late 15c notice of the donation at the bottom of f. lr matches that printed in the Summary Catalogue entry for Bodley 162. The present manuscript was presented to the Bodleian Library by the dean and chapter of Exeter Cathedral in 1602

London, British Library, Harley 1117: Bede, "Vita S. Cuthberti" (prose and verse)

268. London, British Library, Harley 1117 Bede, "Vita S. Cuthberti" (prose and verse) [Ker 234, Gneuss 427] HISTORY: The main texts in the manuscript are Bede's prose and verse Lives of Saint Cuthbert to which have been added liturgical texts, an excerpt from Bede's "Historia ecclesiastica," and an anonymous poem on Edward king and martyr. Lapidge (1995: 142) dates the poetic Life in Harley 1117 (= H) to "c. 1000 or in the earliest years of the eleventh century," finding Ker's dating of "xi1 " too late (see also Bishop 1963: 420-21; Dumville 1993: 108-9). Suggestions of provenance are various: Ker assigns a Christ Church, Canterbury provenance; Rollason (1989: 418-19) suggests a Wessex provenance. Hohler (1956: 161) regards the late 10c liturgical material as a "breviary supplement ... from some monastic church in the West, possibly Sherbome." On the basis of display script, Gameson (1996: esp. 169, n. 160) groups Harley 1117 with manuscripts associated with Canterbury. The manuscript was given by John Anstis (1669-1744) to Robert Harley (inscription, f. 1v). Harley 1117, BL, Cotton Vitellius A. xix [252], and Vatican City, Reg. lat. 204 [477] share a core of 13 glosses to the verse Life (see Ker, Cat., 283)

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Tanner 10 (SC 9830): "Old English Bede"

408. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Tanner 10 (SC 9830) "Old English Bede" [Ker 351; Gneuss/Lapidge 668] HISTORY: The earliest manuscript of the OE translation of the Bede's "Historia ecclesiastica" (incomplete). Gneuss/Lapidge dates the main text of the manuscript to the beginning or first half of the 10c. Dumville (1994: 134) dates the script to the "transitional phase" of Anglo-Saxon Square Minuscule, c. 890x930. Parkes (1976: 156-63) attributes Tanner 10 to Winchester, but Gameson ("Fabric" 1992: 176) believes its medieval origins should be considered unknown. Rowley reviews the questions of origin and dating (Rowley 2011: 16-17; 20). Missing text from Book 4 was supplied in the second half of the 10c and inserted into quire XIV following f. 104v ( = ff. 105-114; see collation below). Ker ( Cat.) notes that the manuscript was at Thorney in the 14c. On provenance, see further Bateley (1992: 16-17; 34- 36). The manuscript was owned by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735), bishop of St. Asaph, who, upon his arrival in Oxford kept the books at Christ Church College, Oxford (Gameson 1992: 177). Rowley notes "various drawings and doodles probably of the twelfth-, thirteenth-to fourteenth-, and sixteenthor seventeenth-century date" (Rowley 2011: 186). Rowley also offers a detailed study of the significance of the 14c Thorney glosses (Rowley 2011: 186-94). For further discussion of the glosses see Lemke (2015: 90-93) and on codicology, scripts, and decoration see most recently Lemke (2015: 63- 69). The Bodleian Library acquired the manuscript with Bishop Tanner's collection in 1736

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Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 163: Bede, "Historia ecclesiastica," "Caedmon's Hymn"; Latin-OE Glossary; etc.

353. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 163 (2016) Bede, "Historia ecclesiastica," "Caedmon's Hymn"; Latin-OE Glossary; etc. [Ker 304, Gneuss 555] HISTORY: The manuscript is a composite. Most of Part 1 is a copy of Bede's "Historia ecclesiastica," which Ker dates to "s. xi in." Four OE glosses to this text are, in Ker's opinion, "close in age" to the Latin text. "Caedmon's Hymn" in the version Dobbie denominates *Z (Dobbie 1937: 43-48) was added to f. 152v of the manuscript later, about mid-11 c, and what remains of the poem has survived a vigorous attempt to erase it. F. 250r, the first page of a bifolium, now attached to the end of the manuscript (now ff. 250-51 ), contains a LatinOE glossary in the same hand as that of the charm on f. 227r. The text of the "Historia ecclesiastica" is a copy of Winchester Cathedral Library, MS 1 (488], but with the addition of Book 4, ch. 14 (Colgrave and Mynors 1969: Ii; Plummer 1896: 1.cxviii-cxix). Ff. 228-52 contain a number of other texts dating from the 12c. Michael Lapidge dates a booklist from Peterborough Abbey on f. 251rv to 'c. 1100' (Lapidge 1985: 76). According to Colgrave and Mynors (p. li) the colored initial on the supply leaf (f. 1r) is in the same hand as the initial in the Peterborough Chronicle (Bodleian Library, Laud Misc. 636 (401]). The name 'Humfridus Natures' (early 16c), a monk of Peterborough, appears in the upper margin of f. 249v. The name 'Henricus Stowkes' (f. 250r) is unidentified. A scribble on f. 250v records an obit for an inmate of Peterborough in 1359. The manuscript was given to the Bodleian Library by John Barneston in 1605

Oxford, Bodleian Libray, Bodley 572 (2026): Mass of St. Germanus; Expositio missae, Book of Tobit; Latin sermons; "De raris fabulis" and OE Rubrics, Cryptograms, OE, Welsh, and Cornish Glosses; Latin penitential texts

362. Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 572 (2026) Mass of St. Germanus; Expositio missae, Book of Tobit; Latin sermons; "De raris fabulis" and OE Rubrics, Cryptograms, OE, Welsh, and Cornish Glosses; Latin penitential texts [Ker 313, Gneuss/Lapidge 583 + 583.3] HISTORY: Bodley 572 is a composite of five separate manuscripts, generally dated between 850 and 950 (Marsden 19946: 4). Watson (1984: I, no. 102) dates ff. 2-50 "before 981:' Among Celticists Bodley 572 is referred to as the Codex Oxoniensis Posterior. Part 1 probably originated at Lannaled, St. Germans (Dumville 1992a: 117; Olson 1989: 60-62, 65-66), and Parts 3 and 4 are also probably of Cornish origin. Part 2 has three Old Cornish glosses. For the unusual manuscript context of the "Dominus uobiscum" at the date of this manuscript see Jones (1998: 672), who calls attention to its transmission outside a paraliturgical context. Dumville describes the hand(s) of ff. 2-25 as "now a late Celtic minuscule, attributable (if taken by itself) to the later ninth or earlier tenth century, now a hybrid Insular-Caroline which is presumably to be placed in the mid-tenth century' (Dumville 1992a: 116; see also Rushforth 2012: 202). Lindsay (1912: 29-32) provides a list of abbreviations in the fust 50 ff. of the manuscript. Marsden (1995: 181) identifies the source of the version of Tobit in Bodley 572 as "one of the two Ceolfrithian pandects which remained in Northumbria ('Offa's bible'):' He observes that its version is "an idiosyncratic text, with many readings without parallel in other known Vulgate versions" (19946: 120). Nicholson (1913: xxvi) believes the paschal table on f. 40v to be of Winchester origin. See also Scragg 2012: nos. 855-57. Stokes (2014: 83) would place ff. 1-50 "probably" at the New Minster in the llc. Bischoff (2004: 2.361 ([item 3787]) gives the provenance of ff. 51-107 as 'wohl Nordostfrankreich" and dates it to "1./2. Viertel" of the 9c. Parts 2-4 have glosses in Old Welsh, Old Cornish, and Old English, as well as in Latin ( on the script of the glosses, and possible origins, see Charles-Edwards 2012: 403). The manuscript was at St. Augustine's, Canterbury in the last quarter of the eleventh century, and Ker (1960: 29-30 and pl. 10b) uses f. 39v, II. 22-31 to illustrate the co-occurrence of "English;' Christ Church, and "mixed" scripts in the development of Norman script at St. Augustine's Canterbury in the late 11 c. Bodley 572 was item 129 in the fifteenth-century catalogue of St. Augustine's Canterbury (ed. Barker-Benfield 2008: item BAl.129), and it bears the St. Augustine's pressmark 'd.l.G.3.' Other Bodleian Library pressmarks are 'Th.B.21.9' and 'NE.B.5.9: Bodley 572 was presented to the Bodleian Library by Ralph Barlow in 1606. A digitized copy of the manuscript is available at http:/ /image.ox.ac.uk/show-all-openings?collection=bodleian&ma n uscript=msbodl5 72)