Framework for strategic wind farm site prioritisation based on modelled wolf reproduction habitat in Croatia

In order to meet carbon reduction targets, many nations are greatly expanding their wind power capacity. However, wind farm infrastructure potentially harms wildlife, and we must therefore find ways to balance clean energy demands with the need to protect wildlife. Wide-ranging carnivores live at low density and are particularly susceptible to disturbance from infrastructure development, so are a particular concern in this respect. We focused on Croatia, which holds an important population of wolves and is currently planning to construct many new wind farms. Specifically, we sought to identify an optimal subset of planned wind farms that would meet energy targets while minimising potential impact on wolves. A suitability model for wolf breeding habitat was carried out using Maxent, based on six environmental variables and 31 reproduction site locations collected between 1997 and 2015. Wind farms were prioritised using Marxan to find the optimal trade-off between energy capacity and overlap with critical wolf reproduction habitat. The habitat suitability model predictions were consistent with the current knowledge: probability of wolf breeding site presence increased with distance to settlements, distance to farmland and distance to roads and decreased with distance to forest. Spatial optimisation showed that it would be possible to meet current energy targets with only 31% of currently proposed wind farms, selected in a way that reduces the potential ecological cost (overall predicted wolf breeding site presence within wind farm sites) by 91%. This is a highly efficient outcome, demonstrating the value of this approach for prioritising infrastructure development based on its potential impact on wide-ranging wildlife species

PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SUDUT DI KELAS III SDN 8 PALU

Permasalahan utama pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada materi sudut dikelas IIISDN8 Palu. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan penerapanmetode demonstrasi, yakni mempertunjukkan secara langsung  bentuk dan nama sudut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sudut dikelas IIISDN8 Palu. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III yang berjumlah 26 orang siswa, 11orang siswa laki-laki dan 15 orang siswa perempuan.Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil observasi kegiatan guru pada siklus I diperoleh nilai 83,33% berada dalam kategori baik, pada siklus II nilai yang diperoleh guru 100% berada dalam kategorisangat baik. Sedangkan hasil observasi kegiatan siswa pada siklus I memperoleh nilai 81,25%, berada dalam kategori baik, pada siklus II memperoleh nilai 97,92%, berada dalam kategorisangat baik. Hasil belajar pada siklus I nilai daya serap klasikal 70,38% serta ketuntasan belajar klasikal 73,08%. Pada siklus II nilai daya serap klasikal 87,69% serta ketuntasan belajar klasikal 96,15%. Hal ini berarti pembelajaran pada siklus II telah memenuhi indikator keberhasilan dengan nilai rata-rata daya serap klasikal minimal 75% dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal memperoleh nilai minimal 80%, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitianpada materi sudut melalui penerapan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar sisw

Replisome speed determines the efficiency of the Tus-Ter replication termination barrier

In all domains of life, DNA synthesis occurs bidirectionally from replication origins. Despite variable rates of replication fork progression, fork convergence often occurs at specific sites1. Escherichia coli sets a \u27replication fork trap\u27 that allows the first arriving fork to enter but not to leave the terminus region2, 3, 4, 5. The trap is set by oppositely oriented Tus-bound Ter sites that block forks on approach from only one direction3, 4, 5, 6, 7. However, the efficiency of fork blockage by Tus-Ter does not exceed 50% in vivo despite its apparent ability to almost permanently arrest replication forks in vitro8, 9. Here we use data from single-molecule DNA replication assays and structural studies to show that both polarity and fork-arrest efficiency are determined by a competition between rates of Tus displacement and rearrangement of Tus-Ter interactions that leads to blockage of slower moving replisomes by two distinct mechanisms. To our knowledge this is the first example where intrinsic differences in rates of individual replisomes have different biological outcomes