Beyond children's entertainment: Animation as social commentary

No Abstract

Adsorption of Iron (II) from Textile Industry Effluent uing Luffa Cylindrica

AbstractThis research investigated the efficiency of luffa cylindrica activated carbon as adsorbent material in the removal of iron (II) from the textile industry effluent in a batch adsorption experiment. The adsorption process was studied as a function of contact time, pH of the solution and adsorbent dosage. At room temperature, the batch adsorption experiment showed maximum adsorption of iron (II) at a pH of 6, a contact time of 60 minutes and an adsorbent dosage of 1g/L. The effluent was characterized using the standard method (atomic absorption spectrometry) while the adsorbent was prepared, carbonated and characterized using SEM and FTIR. The SEM findings revealed a highly porous morphology. The FTIR revealed the presence of various functional groups (OH, CH, C=C and C-C). The findings of the batch adsorption experiment were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and Langmuir model gave a better fit. The kinetic data of iron (II) was evaluated using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The batch adsorption experimental data conforms more to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model

Adsorpcija vanadija(V) iz otpadnih voda tekstilne industrije primjenom aktivnog ugljena Luffa cylindrica

This study investigated the utilisation of Luffa cylindrica activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent in the removal of vanadium(V) from textile industry effluent in a batch adsorption experiment. The adsorption rate was studied for contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage. The effect of pH on vanadium(V) removal was studied with 0.2 g/100 ml adsorbent dose, 10 min contact time, and textile effluent solution. The maximum removal efficiency was 99.90 % at pH 4, 97.43 % at 60 min of contact time, and 97.83 % at an adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g. The characterisation results from FTIR and SEM indicated that the adsorbents’ potential was fully exploited. In this study, the experimental findings were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Freundlich model gave a better fit of the experimental data. The kinetic data by the pseudo-second order kinetic model gave a better fit than the pseudo-first order kinetic model. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.U ovom radu istražena je primjena aktivnog ugljena Luffa cylindrica kao jeftinog adsorbenta za uklanjanje vanadija(V) iz otpadnih voda tekstilne industrije u eksperimentu šaržne adsorpcije. Stupanj adsorpcije proučavan je za vrijeme kontakta, pH i dozu adsorbenta. Učinak pH na uklanjanje vanadija(V) proučavan je s dozom adsorbenta od 0,2 g/100 ml, vremenom kontakta od 10 min i otopinom tekstilnih otpadnih voda. Maksimalna učinkovitost uklanjanja bila je 99,90 % pri pH = 4, 97,43 % pri vremenu kontakta od 60 min i 97,83 % pri dozi adsorbenta od 1,0 g. Rezultati karakterizacije FTIR-a i SEM-a pokazali su da je potencijal adsorbenata u potpunosti iskorišten. U ovom su istraživanju eksperimentalni nalazi prilagođeni Langmuirovim i Freundlichovim modelima izoterme. Freundlichov model dao je bolju prilagodbu eksperimentalnim podatcima. Kinetički podatci kinetičkog modela pseudo-drugog reda dali su bolji rezultat od kinetičkog modela pseudo-prvog reda. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

The Role of Surveying and Mapping in Erosion Management and Control: Case of Omagba Erosion Site, Onitsha Anambra State, Nigeria

Erosion has been described as the washing away of the top soil as a result of the actions of agents such as water and wind. Gully erosion, being the predominant in Southern Nigeria, is also a type of environmental degradation with a lot of disastrous consequences caused mainly by flood as a result of high precipitation, which is fallout of climate change. It can be determined, especially in terms of extent and scope, monitored and controlled. Surveyors’ contributions through provision of the necessary data, which includes, the topographic map of the area, DTM, catchment and watershed information, both centreline and cross sectional profiles of the resultant gully, the plan view of the gully and its tributaries, etc., for the research and design works on erosion control, have been examined. The data provided was also used for the computation of the volume of runoff from the catchment passing through the gully channel as well as the appropriate slope that would reduce the flow speed. Keywords: Watershed, Catchment, runoff, DTM.

Services Available To Children Of Leprosy Patients In Leprosy Settlements In Abia, And Oyo States Of Nigeria

Aim : Study investigates extent to which services like free education, health care including HIV/AIDS prevention and others are available to children of leprosy patients in settlements; To find out the risk factors children of leprosy patients are exposed to in the settlements. Methods : Study was carried out in 3 purposively selected leprosy settlements, Uzuakoli in Abia State, Ohaozara in Ebonyi State and Ogbomoso in Oyo State using 86 children from 10 years and above who are available during study. Structured questionnaire, and interview schedule were instruments used. Data were analyzed with Stat Pac Gold package. Results: Provision of social services to children of leprosy patients studied is limited. Only a total of 13 (16.5%) of the children in both States enjoyed free education. The rest 66 (83.5%) paid school fees. Despite the fact that greater number of children in Oyo State 34 (94.4%) than in Abia State 32 (74.4%), enjoyed free education, higher proportion of children in Abia State 43 (95.6%) than in Oyo State 36 (87.9%), was in school. About 42 (97.7%) of children in Abia State and 30 (83.3%) in Oyo State lacked knowledge of HIV prevention. Neither reproductive health services including HIV/AIDS prevention nor prophylactic treatments for leprosy were available to them. Finding showed that out of 33 females studied, 7 (21%) in Oyo and 4 (12%) in Abia, without being properly married, were living and making babies with the opposite sex in the settlements. Conclusion : In view of above results, increased social services including HIV/AIDS prevention, prophylactic treatments and health promotions are recommended

Urban Housing Inequality and the Nature of Relationship Between Formal and Informal Settlements in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria

The proliferation of urban informal settlements indicates a failure in housing delivery. Stipulations in the SDGs for better affordable housing for all toward eradicating the heinous housing inequality in society seem to be lacking in a deeper understanding of why housing inequality prevails. Debates on housing inequality were mostly concerned with market transition, changing the order of social stratification, and transitions from a centrally planned economy to a market economy; hence the emphasis on the need for a better understanding of the role of housing in social-spatial equity and justice. This study, therefore, aims to fill this research gap by examining the nature of the relationship between informal and formal neighborhoods of the Enugu metropolis, Southeast Nigeria to make an evidence-based contribution to the body of knowledge on this subject. A cross-sectional survey using a quantitative approach was adopted and 24 informal settlements were identified and studied. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Chi-square. Findings showed the nature of housing inequality in the area as a product of spatially inherent symbiotic relationships embedded in social exclusion, deprivation, and dependency between the formal and informal settlements situating in juxtaposition to one another. At a Chi-square value of 42.643, p  = .317 significant at 0.01; residents perceived significant differences in access/availability of decent housing and housing facilities/utility. Interestingly, these informal settlements accommodated over 361,785 unaccounted spill-over populations representing over 60,298 households, constituting 34.69% of the city population not captured in official census records, including over 72.58% of migrants claiming to have relatives residing in these settlements

A community-based case–control study of prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in patients with epilepsy residing in South-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Epilepsy is the commonest neurological disorder encountered in Sub-Saharan Africa. The quality of life of patients with epilepsy (PWEs) is adversely affected by cognitive impairments. Aim: This study investigated the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairments in PWE in Ukpo community located in a South-Eastern state in Nigeria using Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) and a computer-assisted cognitive test battery (FePsy). Methods and Patients: Fifty-one PWEs were studied and compared with 51 age-, sex-and level of education-matched healthy controls. Diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed clinically with eye-witness corroboration. Sociodemographic data and information on epilepsy variables were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. Cognitive domains assessed include language, memory, orientation, attention, psychomotor speed and constructional praxis. Results: The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment using total CSID score was 19.6%. Analysis of CSID scores revealed significant impairment in language (17.6%), memory (29.4%), orientation (15.7%), attention (7.8%) and constructional praxis (15.7%) compared to healthy controls. A similar pattern was observed with FePsy but with better sensitivity indices for detecting cognitive impairment. Conclusion: This study indicated significant prevalence rate of cognitive impairment among treatment-naïve PWE with profound affectation of memory, mental speed and language. In addition, the FePsy was found to be more sensitive and specific in assessment of cognitive function in PWE