Research and Development of Feature Extraction from Myanmar Palm Leaf Manuscripts for the Myanmar Character Recognition System

This paper proposed Myanmar palm leaf manuscript handwriting OCR system. Each text area in the Myanmar palm-leaf manuscript is segmented. This segmented character text image is needed to be recognized to transform to Myanmar handwritten characters which express Myanmar’s precious historical and invaluable information. This paper involves two essential steps: preprocessing and feature extraction. The preprocessing is carried out to extract the attractive palm-leaf manuscript region from the Images automatically are taken by the camera and to support the enhanced images for subsequence processes of Myanmar character recognition from Myanmar palm leaves. The one-dimensional segmentation approach is used to crop leaf area in the image which is taken with high resolution. Line count analysis is also done to extract the region for using enough line count. After that, line segmentation is carried out using Object Frequency Histogram along the horizontal lines which can find the best optimal points between the lines. Similarly, the same technique but vertically is used to get each character or smallest group of characters. Totally 18 features are extracted to recognize the Myanmar palm-leaf manuscript characters. Although the experimental results are good enough but some difficulties are still needed to take account related to the connected components.

Myanmar traditional medicine formulations and their antioxidant, antiglycation and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities: Potentials for antidiabetes complications

Myanmar Traditional Medicine (MTM) has been used since ancient times to treat life-threatening diseases like diabetes. In this study, various in vitro assays were used to prove that four MTM formulations were effective at treating diabetes. Antioxidant activities were determined using in vitro DPPH, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (SO) radical scavenging assays. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content, while the BSA-fluorescent antiglycation and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays were utilized to determine the antidiabetic activity of MTMs. Among the tested samples, MTM3 showed the best activities for almost all the biological assays tested in this experiment with the % inhibition of 82.89 ± 1.64 for NO and 65.02 ± 2.82 for SO radical scavenging activity, 92.12 ± 1.18 for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and IC50 of 180.29 ± 1.6 µg/ml for the antiglycation activity. It also possessed the highest total phenolic content of 149.41 ± 3.7 mg GAE/g of extract/l among the tested samples. Therefore, the findings suggested that MTM could help diabetic patients improve their quality of life through antioxidant activity against several free radicals and their antiglycation and α-glucosidase inhibitory characteristics

Clinical importance of the Mandalay spitting cobra (Naja mandalayensis) in Upper Myanmar – Bites, envenoming and ophthalmia

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Toxicon on 03/06/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.023 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Examination of 18 cobras brought to three hospitals in the Mandalay Region by patients bitten or spat at by them distinguished 3 monocled cobras (Naja kaouthia) and 15 Mandalay spitting cobras (N. mandalayensis), based on their morphological characteristics. We confirm and extend the known distributions and habitats of both N. mandalayensis and N. kaouthia in Upper Myanmar. Clinical symptoms of local and systemic envenoming by N. mandalayensis are described for the first time. These included local swelling, blistering and necrosis and life-threatening systemic neurotoxicity. More information is needed about the clinical phenotype and management of bites by N. mandalayensis, the commoner of the two cobras in Upper Myanmar. Since the current cobra antivenom manufactured in Myanmar has lower pre-clinical efficacy against N. mandalayensis than N. kaouthia, there is a need for more specific antivenom therapy.Published versio

Motivating Learners of English

Motivation is regarded as the essential element in every teaching-learning process. As English is a foreign language in Myanmar, learners of English usually face difficulties which can retard both willingness to learn and the successful learning process. If teachers of English know the important factors under the umbrella term of motivation that govern the teaching-learning process and if they are wise enough to handle the given situation as well as their learners, there may be less difficulties to teach their learners Englis

Performance analysis of q-valued dimensions Parametric Vector Neural Network classifier

Neural network ensemble techniques havebeen shown to be very accurate classificationtechniques. However, in some real-life applications,a number of classifiers required to achieve areasonable accuracy is enormously large and hencevery space consuming. This paper introduces specialneural method, Parametric Vector Neural Network(VNN), which has great associative memory and highperformance. Parametric VNN analyzed usingvarious size of database having randomly createdpatterns, noise levels, and fixed q-dimensions. Theresult shows that it has capacity much greater thanconventional Neural Networks. Once T matrix iscreated for the stored patterns in Database, mostsimilar pattern with the input one can be achievedeasily by just multiplying two matrices. The resultingassociative memory can recognize highly noisy andcorrelate input patterns

Finding region of interest and automatic cropping from Palm leaf manuscripts by using one-dimensional segmentation

This paper offers finding the region ofinterest and automatic cropping from palm leafmanuscripts developed by using one-dimensionalsegmentation. This system can be used to providefor enhancing palm leaf manuscripts are takenby high quality resolution digital camera. Theone-dimensional segmentation approach is thatobject location can be determined by clusteringpoints of interest and hierarchically formingcandidate of palm leaf manuscript regionsaccording to similarity and spatial proximitypredicates. This system can be used to optimizetwo factors: RGB background colors andnumber of vertical lines to choose candidatearea. Moreover, one-dimensional edgesegmentation performs better accuracy and lesscalculation time than other traditional filters.This system can be applied to segmentation ofcandidate area which includes text. The resultsof the research can be used as an input image toimplement an OCR system to provideinformation of being existence for their relatedfields

Syllabus Segmentation from Palm Leaf Manuscripts

Historical handwritten palm leaf manuscripts are very informative documents from which we can learn precious and various experiences from them. This paper presents the character segmentations of historical handwriting from palm leaf manuscripts for handwriting character extraction. In this paper an experiment is carried out to choose color array of an image for binarization of palm leaf manuscripts. To extract images of each character from the leaf selected color intensity array is used for binarization by using famous Otsu thresholding algorithm. After that, image is segmented line by line searching optimal points among the lines using object frequency histogram along the line and Otsu algorithm again. These segmented images are the input elements and the character segmentation process as the final stage of this work. The end result is the images array which contains character images of palm leaf manuscripts. These images, the output of this work, can be applied to optical character recognition for text extraction

An Investigation of Middle School Students’ Motivation Towards Science Learning

The main purpose of this study was to investigate middle schools students’ motivation towards science learning. Data collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interview. In this study, total number of 1006 Grade Eight and Grade Nine students (467 males and 539 females) from Yangon City Development Area was participated. The required sample was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. According to this study, it was found that Grade Eight students were statistically significant higher than Grade Nine students in science learning motivation. Moreover, based on the results of this study, female students had higher science learning motivation than male students. Then, ANOVA results indicated that significant differences among strata were found in science learning motivation. Moreover, in this study, significant differences were found in science learning motivation by students’ science achievement. Then, Pearson correlation revealed that all factors of science learning motivation were positively significantly correlated with students’ science achievement. Each of these factors was also positively correlated with each other, except performance goal factor. Next, regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and performance goal were the predictors of students’ science achievement. They are positively associated with students’ science achievement

Analysis and Simulation of Sinusoidal PWM Technique for Sine Wave Inverter

A sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique of generating sine wave with minimized harmonics is implemented in this paper. The technique is essentially focused on sinusoidalpulse-width modulation (SPWM) control of H-bridge DC-AC inverter stage connected in series between high voltage DC links (Vs) and output (VO). It also provides the producing of SPWM signals to control the H-bridge inverter driving stage such as single phase or three phases. This technique is mathematically modelled and simulated in Matlab. Finally, the results are verified that the output sine wave is voltage regulated and ripple less. The proposed technique “generation of sinusoidal PWM by comparing a sinusoid with a triangular wave” aims to implement of a voltage regulated sine wave inverter with ripple free and glitch free output sine wave that can be operated electronic devices efficiently