Mutational Analysis of Uterine Cervical Cancer That Survived Multiple Rounds of Radiotherapy

学位記番号：医博甲175

TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION THROUGH VOICE OF AMERICA (VOA) SPECIAL ENGLISH BROADCAST

Artikel ini berkaitan dengan pemahaman siswa terhadap listening comprehension. Voice of America (VOA) special English broadcast digunakan sebagai materi dalam pengajaran listening comprehension kepada siswa kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Muhammadiyah Ketapang pada tahun Akademik 2011/2012. Tujuan melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penggunaan VOA special English broadcast dalam pengajaran listening comprehension. Metode penelitian artikel ini adalah pra - eksperimental dengan siswa XC sebagai sampel. Sebagai hasilnya, ditemukan bahwa perhitungan dari effect size (ES) adalah 1.27, itu berarti bahwa pengajaran listening comprehension melalui VOA special English broadcast sangat efektif. Kata Kunci : Voice of America, listening comprehension Abstract: This article concerned with the students listening comprehension. Voice of America (VOA) special English broadcast was used as material in teaching listening comprehension to the tenth grade students of sekolah menengah atas (SMA) Muhammadiyah Ketapang in Academic year 2011/2012. The purposed of conducting the research was to know how effective the use of VOA special English broadcast in teaching listening comprehension. The method of this article is a pre experimental research with students of XC as the sample. As the result, it was found that the effect size (ES) calculation is 1.27; it means that teaching listening comprehension through VOA special English broadcast is highly effective. Key words: Voice of America, listening comprehensio

TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION THROUGH VOICE OF AMERICA (VOA) SPECIAL ENGLISH BROADCAST

Artikel ini berkaitan dengan pemahaman siswa terhadap listening comprehension. Voice of America (VOA) special English broadcast digunakan sebagai materi dalam pengajaran listening comprehension kepada siswa kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Muhammadiyah Ketapang pada tahun Akademik 2011/2012. Tujuan melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif penggunaan VOA special English broadcast dalam pengajaran listening comprehension. Metode penelitian artikel ini adalah pra - eksperimental dengan siswa XC sebagai sampel. Sebagai hasilnya, ditemukan bahwa perhitungan dari effect size (ES) adalah 1.27, itu berarti bahwa pengajaran listening comprehension melalui VOA special English broadcast sangat efektif. Kata Kunci : Voice of America, listening comprehension Abstract: This article concerned with the students listening comprehension. Voice of America (VOA) special English broadcast was used as material in teaching listening comprehension to the tenth grade students of sekolah menengah atas (SMA) Muhammadiyah Ketapang in Academic year 2011/2012. The purposed of conducting the research was to know how effective the use of VOA special English broadcast in teaching listening comprehension. The method of this article is a pre experimental research with students of XC as the sample. As the result, it was found that the effect size (ES) calculation is 1.27; it means that teaching listening comprehension through VOA special English broadcast is highly effective. Key words: Voice of America, listening comprehensio

Robustness of Clonogenic Assays as a Biomarker for Cancer Cell Radiosensitivity

Photon radiation therapy is a major curative treatment for cancer. However, the lack of robust predictive biomarkers for radiosensitivity precludes personalized radiation therapy. Clonogenic assays are the gold standard method for measuring the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. Although a large number of publications describe the use of clonogenic assays to measure cancer cell radiosensitivity, the robustness of results from different studies is unclear. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive detailed literature search of 256 common cancer cell lines and identified the eight cell lines most-frequently examined for photon sensitivity using clonogenic assays. Survival endpoints and experimental parameters from all 620 relevant experiments were compiled and analyzed. We found that the coefficients of variation for SF2 (surviving fraction after 2 Gy irradiation) and for D10 (dose that yields a surviving fraction of 10%) were below 30% for all cell lines, indicating that SF2 and D10 have acceptable inter-assay precision. These data support further analysis of published data on clonogenic assays using SF2 and D10 as survival endpoints, which facilitates robust identification of biological profiles representative of cancer cell sensitivity to photons

The Role of Vitamin D in Preventing Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the cancers with a high disease burden globally. Previous observational studies have found a connection between colorectal cancer incidence with sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels. Subsequent studies investigated this relationship further and found various anti-tumoral pathways regulated by vitamin D in colorectal tissue. This paper aims to elucidate the actions of those pathways in preventing the malignant transformation of the colorectal cell by reviewing relevant literature. Methods: A search was conducted on several medical literature electronic databases for original research studying the effects of vitamin D treatment on colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer and its underlying anti-tumoral mechanism. A total of 122 studies were included for evaluation. Results: Twenty-seven studies passed for analysis. These in vitro and in vivo study reveals that vitamin D treatment can suppress cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, maintain cellular differentiation, reduce the pro-inflammatory response, inhibit angiogenesis, and hinder metastatic progression in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma cells by regulating associated gene transcription or directly prevents activation of selected signalling pathways. Five studies have also shown that adding calcium to vitamin D treatment increases the anti-tumoral activity of vitamin D through cross-talk between both of their pathways. Conclusion: Vitamin D could potentially impede colorectal cancer transformation and growth through interaction with various signalling pathways and regulating gene transcription. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm whether vitamin D can be used as the basis of targeted colorectal cancer therapy using its inherent anti-tumoral properties

Vitamin D as Radiosensitizer: A Review in Cell Line

Introduction: Vitamin D has been shown to have anti-cancer properties such as antioxidants, anti-proliferative, and cell differentiation. The property of vitamin D as an anticancer agent triggers researchers to find out whether vitamin D is useful as a radiosensitizer. Multiple studies have been carried out on cell lines in various types of cancer, but the benefits of vitamin D as a radiosensitizer still controversial. This paperwork aims to investigate the utilization of Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) as radiosensitizer in various cell line through literature review.Methods: A systematic search of available medical literature databases was performed on in-vitro studies with Vitamin D as a radiosensitizer in all types of cell lines. A total of 11 in-vitro studies were evaluated.Results: Nine studies in this review showed a significant effect of Vitamin D as a radiosensitizer agent by promoting cytotoxic autophagy, increasing apoptosis, inhibiting of cell survival and proliferation, promoting gene in ReIB inhibition, inducing senescene and necrosis. The two remaining studies showed no significant effect in the radiosensitizing mechanism of Vitamin D due to lack of evidence in-vitro settings.Conclusion: Vitamin D have anticancer property and can be used as a radiosensitizer by imploring various mechanism pathways in various cell lines. Further research especially in-vivo settings need to be evaluated