Obama (Optimalisasi Bahan Baku Manik-manik Kaca) Sebagai Solusi Sentra UKM Manik-manik Jombang

Plumbon Gambang Jombang known as a center for craft beads SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) in Indonesia. The problem faced by SMEs is the need for raw materials are depleted Duralex. As for the glass waste from cups, plates and other can not be formed (hard) not like Duralex glass. It is necessary for designing technologies for the sustainable raw material beads tens of SMEs in Plumbon Gambang. This program will result in the design of raw materials back, without using Duralex glass former but using ordinary glass and fused alumina as a softener and bleach with the composition of cullet (broken glass) 92% by weight of alumina and 8%, both of which are easily obtainable materials. With this program can ease the burden on small industries in order to increase revenue and continuity of production capacity as well as a discourse for small industries. Based on the analysis, the economic potential of the resulting products can compete with previously. Viewed from the side of science and technology, there are two value-added, technology design that is appropriate raw materials and the utilization of waste glass as the embodiment of green product. The method used was a survey, identification of problems, the study of literature, designing the composition of raw materials, the manufacture of glass beads, prototype testing, manufacturing and evaluation modules. From the results of this program concluded that the composition of the raw materials that are designed to have a soft structure and has enough color and strength

PENGENALAN PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK SERAI WANGI SEBAGAI PESTISIDA ORGANIK DI DESA BOCEK KARANGPLOSO MALANG

Bocek Village, located in Karangploso District, Malang Regency, is one of the villages known for its chili production. However, the production of chili plants in this village is often affected by diseases caused by pests such as the fungus Colletotrichum spp., which will cause anthracnose (Patek) disease. This disease can cause defects in chili, reducing the quality of chili production. The farmers have handled the handling by using chemical pesticides, which are considered less effective and harm the environment. One solution that can be used is to use extracts from the citronella to be used as organic pesticides. This community service activity aims to introduce organic pesticides with citronella oil as raw material to the Tri Rejeki farmers group in Bocek Village. The socialization activity was carried out using the lecture method with the material covering the introduction of pesticides, the difference between chemical and organic pesticides, extraction of essential oils with a simple method, and the production process of organic pesticides with citronella oil. An evaluation of the participants was also carried out through a questionnaire given before and after the socialization. After the socialization was conducted, participants understood more about organic pesticides and how to produce themKontaminasi organisme pengganggu tanaman atau hama merupakan masalah yang hingga saat ini sering dihadapi oleh petani di Desa Bocek . Seperti pada tanaman cabai masih sering dijumpai penyakit yang disebabkan berbagai hal. Seperti penyakit antraknosa (patek) yang disesbabokan oleh jamur Colletotrichum spp. Selain itu juga dapat disebabkan oleh lalat buah dan virus lainnya. Selama ini petani cabai menggunakan pestisida berbahan kimia, yang mana pestisida kimia memiliki berbagai macam bahaya terhadap kesehatan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah alternatif berupa pestisida organik yang terbuat dari bahan alami misalnya serai wangi. Minyak atsiri serai wangi dapat diperoleh mengan metode estraksi dan distilasi sederhana skala rumah tangga. Penggunaan pestisida organic ini memiliki keunggulan karena lebih ramah lingkungan, ekonomis, dan mudah digunakan sebagai pengendali organisme pengganggu tanaman. Dengan kegiatan penyuluhan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman warga mengenai pemanfaatan serai wangi sebagai pestisida organik. Sehingga dapat memberikan alternatif solusi untuk pengganti penggunaan pestisida kimia

Pemisahan Larutan Etanol-Air Secara Pervaporasi Menggunakan Membran Komposit PVA-Kitosan Dengan Support Cellulose Filter

Proses pervaporasi merupakan proses pemisahan air dari larutan etanol-air menggunakan membran tak berpori. Membran tak berpori yang dapat digunakan adalah membran komposit dengan pelapisan PVA dan kitosan yang termasuk membran polimer. Penelitian ini menguji campuran PVA dan kitosan yang dilapiskan pada support cellulose filter dengan rasio berat PVA dan kitosan sebesar 1:3, 1:1, dan 3:1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan komposisi campuran PVA dan kitosan pada lapisan membran komposit mempengaruhi karakteristik dan kinerja membran. Membran komposit dengan pelapis PVA memiliki sudut kontak terendah dan swelling degree tertinggi. Membran komposit dengan pelapis campuran PVA-kitosan, semakin bertambahnya komposisi kitosan akan menurunkan sudut kontak dan meningkatkan swelling degree. Pervaporasi larutan etanol 12% w/w dilakukan dengan suhu 60oC dan tekanan 90-95 kPa dimana membran dengan pelapisan PVA memiliki selektivitas paling rendah dan fluks tertinggi secara berurutan 1,13 dan 66.857,14 g/m2.jam. Komposisi PVA dan kitosan pada lapisan membran komposit berpengaruh pada fluks permeat, dengan bertambahnya komposisi kitosan akan meningkatkan fluks permeat namun tidak berdampak pada nilai selektivitas membran. Hasil ini dibuktikan dimana membran komposit dengan pelapis PVA-kitosan dengan perbandingan 1:3, 1:1, dan 3:1 memiliki nilai selektivitas yang sama. Peningkatan konsentrasi etanol pada retentat tidak terlalu signifikan mengakibatkan membran komposit dengan pelapis PVA-kitosan lebih tepat digunakan untuk menghidrasi larutan etanol-air dengan tingkat kemurnian etanol tinggi

Application of Chitosan from

Corbula faba Hinds or white mussel is one of the marine organisms easily found around Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. The main component of its shell is chitin that can be derivate to chitosan. Chitosan is widely used especially in the water treatment process as a coagulant due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, chitosan produced from white mussel shells was used as a coagulant for treated Surabaya River water. The initial value of TSS in the sample water was 373.0 mg/L whereas TDS was 59.5 mg/L. The rapid mixing condition, such as speed and time, influenced the result of solids removal. Higher speed and longer time mixing would give better performance of flocs formation, but the flocks would be unstable after reach some points of conditions. The optimum mixing condition was obtained when using140 rpm on speed for 4 minutes with TSS removal up to 94.96% and TDS removal up to 23.32%

Activated Carbon for Carbon Dioxide Gas Adsorbent

Carbon dioxide from the biogas resulted in vinasse fermentation should be treated. One of the methods that could reduce carbon dioxide was the adsorption process. A chemical and physical process could modify the characteristic of carbon and obtain activated carbon as an adsorbent. Chemical activation using H2SO4 ranged from 5% to 30%, and physical activation using pyrolysis at 400oC for 3 hours. The adsorption process was done by inserting 98.68% synthetic CO2 range from 0.002 to 0.0058 L/min from the bottom of the adsorption column with 5 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. Chemical activation with 25% H2SO4 achieved the best result. Characteristics of activated carbon were analyzed using proximate and BET analysis, where the ash content was 3.93%, fixed carbon 80.015, the surface area was 5992.65 m2/gr with a total pore volume of 39.4620 cc/gr, and pore radius average was 2.6072 Å. The value of CO2 adsorbed was 99.939% at a gas rate of 0.0022 L/min