SMES DEVELOPMENT AND CORRUPTION: CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article presents a study of the corruption perception and the involvement of SMEs in corruption practices. The main goal of the paper is to provide an analysis of corruption perception of the SMEs representatives, its parts and research methodology to provide an adequate picture and analysis of corruption of the Kazakhstan. For obtaining a comparative picture, we interviewed 500 representatives of SMEs and 500 civil servants. We used a mass survey (face-to-face) method. The results show that the presence of “gap” between perception of corruption and degree of the respondents’ involvement in corrupt practices. The respondents believe that corruption is widespread, but they themselves were rarely involved in corrupt practices. The key message is that the SMEs representatives consider this problem to be acute, but they are not ready to talk about their own experience in this regard

Synthetic Derivatives of Natural Alkaloid Harmine

The indole alkaloid harmine was extracted from underground part of Peganum harmala L. With the purpose of obtaining the new biological active derivatives on base of alkaloid harmine the chemical modification was carried out. The p-toluolsulfochlorid, p-toluolsulfoacid, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric acids, dioxide selenium and phthalic anhydride have been chosen as modifiers. For the first time quaternary ammonium salts, derivatives of N-oxide and N (2)-oxyharminiumphthalate harmine are synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compounds is determined by methods of the spectral analysis and X-ray analysis. Antimicrobic and phagocytosis stimulating activities of isolated alkaloids and their derivatives are investigated

The influence of the organizational culture and motivation of the state employees on the efficiency of the state support of small and medium business in Kazakhstan

The functioning of any organization, in particular public administration, directly depends on the staff. Ineffective implementation of the employees’ work potential leads to economic unprofitability of projects, as well as to their half-way implementation. The article examines the hypothesis on the subject of influence of public servants’ motivation on the effectiveness of the state support for entrepreneurship. A survey for public servants of local executive bodies responsible for the implementing of the state program "Business Roadmap 2020" in Kazakhstan was held to achieve this goal. In November 2016, the survey was conducted among 158 public servants from fourteen regions and two cities of RESUMEN: El funcionamiento de cualquier organización, en particular la administración pública, depende directamente del personal. La implementación ineficaz del potencial de trabajo de los empleados lleva a la no rentabilidad económica de los proyectos, así como a su implementación a mitad de camino. El artículo examina la hipótesis sobre la influencia de la motivación de los servidores públicos sobre la efectividad del apoyo estatal al emprendimiento. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta para los funcionarios de los órganos ejecutivos locales responsables de la aplicación del programa estatal "Hoja de ruta empresarial 2020" en Kazajstán para lograr este objetivo. En noviembre de 2016, la the republican significance, who were responsible for the development of entrepreneurship. The statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the SPSS program (21 version). The analysis and synthesis of the native and foreign scientists’ researches on the subject of the study was carried out as a theoretical basis. As a result of the survey the main motivational factors for public servants, who were responsible for the development of entrepreneurship, were identified. There are a number of serious problems in the organizational culture and motivational system, which have an impact on the employees’ effectiveness of public authorities in the sphere of the development of entrepreneurship. There are some practical recommendations which are offered to improve the motivational level for public servants, who are responsible for the development of entrepreneurship

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase by Novel Lupinine Derivatives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment due in part to a severe loss of cholinergic neurons in specific brain areas. AD is the most common type of dementia in the aging population. Although several acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are currently available, their performance sometimes yields unexpected results. Thus, research is ongoing to find potentially therapeutic AChE inhibitory agents, both from natural and synthetic sources. Here, we synthesized 13 new lupinine triazole derivatives and evaluated them, along with 50 commercial lupinine-based esters of different carboxylic acids, for AChE inhibitory activity. The triazole derivative 15 [1S,9aR)-1-((4-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)octahydro-2H-quinolizine)] exhibited the most potent AChE inhibitory activity among all 63 lupinine derivatives, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that compound 15 was a mixed-type AChE inhibitor. Molecular docking studies were performed to visualize interaction between this triazole derivative and AChE. In addition, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) model developed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of 11 SwissADME descriptors from the 50 lupinine esters revealed 5 key physicochemical features that allowed us to distinguish active versus non-active compounds. Thus, this SAR model could be applied for design of more potent lupinine ester-based AChE inhibitors

Combined Computational and Experimental Studies of Anabasine Encapsulation by Beta-Cyclodextrin

The encapsulation of the famous alkaloid, anabasine, with β-CD was studied to obtain a more stable and bioavailable inclusion complex. Various in silico and experimental studies of the obtained β-CD-anabasine complex are presented. Firstly, molecular docking studies were conducted against the α, β, and γ cyclodextrins to explore which subclass is the best for encapsulation. The obtained results that pointed at β-cyclodextrin were further confirmed by five MD simulations and MM-PBSA studies. Experimentally, the spectral properties of the anabasine β-cyclodextrin complex were determined by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. Additionally, the surface morphology of the anabasine β-cyclodextrin was investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the outputs of the thermographic measurements utilizing a differential scanning calorimeter were displayed. The activation energy of the reaction of thermo-oxidative destruction of the clathrate complex was calculated, and the kinetic parameters of the thermal destruction processes were decided using the Freeman–Carroll, Sharpe–Wentworth, Achar, and Coates–Redfern methods. The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of the anabasine β-cyclodextrin were in agreement and verified the reliability of the obtained results. The obtained computational, spectral, morphological, and thermogravimetric results verified the successful formation of the anabasine β-cyclodextrin complex