Short-term forecast of landslide processes development using the method of engineering-geological analogy on the territory of Innopolis city (Russia)

© SGEM2015. Innopolis City (project population of 160,000 and an area of 22,7km2) is built on a high plateau, located at confluence of the Volga and Sviyaga rivers. The upper part of geological section has a bipartite structure. The lower part is represented by clays, rarely by sandstones, siltstones and carbonate rocks of the Permian system, and the top part is represented by clays and loams of anthropogenic system. Plateau is strongly embayed by river valleys and ravines; on the slopes of ravines are identified landslides of various sizes and ages. The paper presents the experience of engineering geological analogy method application for short-term forecast of landslide hazard on the territory of Innopolis city. The forecast was carried out in the framework of the two-level modeling: at first the forecast was made on local areas using software for the calculation of slope stability - Geo5 Fine, then the forecast was made on the whole territory by transferring and correction of data to the two-dimensional digital model of geological environment (using ESRI - ArcGIS). Algorithm of the forecast was as follows: Step 1. Identification of boundaries and determination of landslides' geometric parameters using geophysical methods and mining operations; laboratory studies of physical and mechanical properties of soils. Step 2. Building a digital model of geological environment in ArcGIS scale of 1:10 000 and subsequent zoning of the territory based on soil conditions and depth of groundwater (were identified 12 types of soil masses). Step 3. Selection of reference sites (selection criteria is a typical engineering-geological conditions and the presence of landslides); calculation of SF for slope using Geo5 Fine software for each site with the natural moisture of soil and maximum moisture (29 reference sites total) Step 4. Identification of the limiting values of surface slopes for all types of soil masses for each probabilistic category using the digital model of reference sites slope (SF ≤ 1.0 - «landslide displacements are inevitable», 1.0 1.2 -« impossible "). Step 5. Transferring of data from analog (reference sites) on the subject of the forecast (the whole territory) by extrapolation of the SF values. Step 6. Verification and correction of the forecast. As a result, it was identified that the most active development of landslide processes is expected in spring (1.22 km2, 5.37%) and less active - in summer (0.36 km2, 1.58%). Lower parts of slopes will be mainly exposed to landslide deformations. Earthflow is a predominant type of landslides, with rupture surface up to 1.5 m. There is a probability of single slides and soil-falls occurrence

Application of X-Ray microtomography in calculating the filtration characteristics of porous media

© Medwell Journals, 2016.This study deals with the problem of application of X-ray microtomography in calculating the absolute permeability coefficient of cores of oil reservoirs. To simulate the process of fluid flow using the digital tomographic images of pore channels both the continuity equation and stationary Navier-Stokes equations were used. Researchers compared the filtration characteristics of porous media calculated on the basis of the model proposed in this study with the permeability coefficients calculated by the Kozeny-Carman equation. We have shown that the permeability coefficients calculated by the Kozeny-Carman equation give higher values as compared with the filtration characteristics calculated by both the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation. We have revealed that the reservoir properties of cores, calculated on the basis of microtomographic data can be extrapolated to the samples of larger porous media

Estimation of sandstone reservoir properties using X-ray CT studies in Ashalchinskoye oil field

X-ray computed microtomography investigated filtration-capacitive characteristics of core sand Ashalchinsk reservoirs series. To simulate the flow of a viscous fluid in the pore scale we use a mathematical model, which consists of the continuity equation and stationary Navier - Stokes equations. It was shown that Kozeny - Carman formula gives curtained values of permeability coefficients, compared with filtration characteristics calculated using the Navier - Stokes equations. It was revealed that the reservoir properties of cores, calculated on the basis of microtomography data can be extrapolated to the samples of porous media with larger scale

My Friend Bingham by Henry James

© Medwell Journals, 2016.This study deals with the problem of application of X-ray microtomography in calculating the absolute permeability coefficient of cores of oil reservoirs. To simulate the process of fluid flow using the digital tomographic images of pore channels both the continuity equation and stationary Navier-Stokes equations were used. Researchers compared the filtration characteristics of porous media calculated on the basis of the model proposed in this study with the permeability coefficients calculated by the Kozeny-Carman equation. We have shown that the permeability coefficients calculated by the Kozeny-Carman equation give higher values as compared with the filtration characteristics calculated by both the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation. We have revealed that the reservoir properties of cores, calculated on the basis of microtomographic data can be extrapolated to the samples of larger porous media

Two-stage treatment of ametropia in patients with keratoconus and cataracts

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive degenerative corneal disease, leads to the aberration of biomechanical and optical properties and thinning of the cornea, causes astigmatism and decreases visual acuity.Materials and methods. 33 patients (35 eyes) with stages II–III of non-progressive keratoconus and concomitant cataracts of various stages of maturity were operated on. The average age of the patients was 46.5 ± 2.7 (41–63) years old. The operations were performed according to our proposed two-stage method of treating ametropia in patients with KC and cataracts (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2748634 of 28.05.2021). The first stage was the implantation of FERRARA intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) with thickness from 150 to 350 μm. To correct residual refractive error in 5–7 months after stage 1, patients underwent stage 2: cloudy lens was removed and replaced with toric posterior chamber intraocular lens (TIOL) – AcrySof IQ Toric (Alcon, USA), T-fl ex Toric RayOne (Rayner, UK).Results and discussion. After stage 1 of the operation (ICRS implantation), the uncorrected visual acuity (NCVA) was 0.2 ± 0.03, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.4 ± 0.02. In 1 month after stage 2 (phacoemulsifi cation + TIOL) NCVA was 0.64 ± 0.11 and BCVA was 0.74 ± 0.12. During the entire follow-up period after the surgery visual functions, refraction, and rotational stability of TIOL were stable.Conclusions. Conducting a two-stage surgical intervention in patients with keratoconus and cataracts allows to stop the progression of the disease and effectively correct the ametropia concomitant with keratoconus

РОЛЬ АДЪЮВАНТНОЙ ВНУТРИПУЗЫРНОЙ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ В КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ОРГАНОСОХРАНЯЮЩЕМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕМЫШЕЧНО-ИНВАЗИВНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

Objective: to enhance the efficiency of combined treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer ((NMIBC) and to assess the results of its treatment using transurethral resection (TUR) as monotherapy and in combination with intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Subjects and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 59 patients with NMIBC. Twenty-two patients underwent TUR in Group 1; TUR and single intravesical injection of drugs were performed in 19 patients in Group 2; 18 patients had TUR and long-term intravesical CT.Results and discussion. The recurrence rates were 59.1, 57.9, and 38.89 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Intravesical CT was found to appreciably affect the prevention of recurrence in the area of resection. The rate of this recurrence was 31.81, 26.32, and 5.56 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion. Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy CT is an effective method to prevent recurrent bladder cancer.Цель исследования – повысить эффективность комбинированного лечения больных немышечно-инвазивным (НМИ) раком моче-вого пузыря (РМП). Оценить результаты лечения НМИ РМП при применении трансуретральной резекции (ТУР) в качестве монотерапии и в комбинации с внутрипузырной адъювантной химиотерапией (ХТ).Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ результатов лечения 59 пациентов с НМИ РМП. В 1-й группе (n = 22) больным была выполнена ТУР, во 2-й (n = 19) – ТУР и однократное внутрипузырное введение химиопрепарата, в 3-й (n = 18) выполнены ТУР и длительное применение внутрипузырной ХТ.Результаты и обсуждение. Частота рецидивов в 1-й группе составила 59,1 %, во 2-й – 57,9 %, в 3-й – 38,89 %. Установлено, что внутрипузырная ХТ в большей степени оказывает влияние на профилактику рецидива в зоне резекции. Частота данного рецидива в 1-й группе составила 31,81 %, во 2-й – 26,32 % и в 3-й – 5,56 %.Выводы. Адъювантная внутрипузырная ХТ является эффективным методом профилактики рецидивов РМП.

Diagnostic algorithm of recurrence after organ-preserving surgical treatment of bladder cancer

High frequency of recurrence is the main problem of organ-preserving tactics in the treatment of bladder cancer. The article presents the results of sensitivity and specificity analysis of urine cytology, BTA-stat test, ultrasound (transabdominal, transrectal, transurethral) and instrumental methods (cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnostics, microcystoscopy) in the diagnosis of recurrence after organ-saving surgical treatment in patients who underwent organ-saving surgery about bladder cancer at the urological clinic of Kazan State Medical University. An algorithm based on the obtained data has been developed for the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancerОсновной проблемой органосохраняющей тактики в лечении рака мочевого пузыря является высокая частота рецидивов. В статье представлены результаты анализа чувствительности и специфичности цитологии мочи, ВТА-stat теста, ультразвуковых (трансабдоминальное, трансректальное, трансуретральное) и инструментальных методов (цистоскопия, фотодинамическая диагностика, микроцистоскопия) в диагностике рецидивов после органосохраняющего хирургического лечения у пациентов, которым была выполнена органосохраняющая операция по поводу рака мочевого пузыря урологической клинике Казанского государственного медицинского университета. На основании полученных данных, разработан алгоритм диагностики рецидивов рака мочевого пузыря

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia in a Russian population: the Ural eye and medical study

Background: Although anemia is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, information about its prevalence in Russia is mostly missing. We therefore assessed its prevalence and associated factors in a Russian population. Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age:59.0 ± 10.7 years;range:40–94 years) who underwent a standardized interview and detailed general examination. The definition of anemia was based on the hemoglobin concentration (definition #1:hemoglobin concentration < 140 g/L in men,< 130 g/L in women; definition #2:hemoglobin concentration < 130 g/L in men,< 120 g/L in women [World Health Organization definition]). Results: Higher hemoglobin concentration (mean:142.6 ± 14.8 g/L; range:80-171 g/L) was associated (multivariable analysis) with male gender (P < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient beta:-0.20), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher prevalence of car ownership (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher blood concentrations of bilirubin (P < 0.001;beta:0.05) and triglycerides (P < 0.001;beta:0.06), lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;beta:-0.32), and shorter blood clotting time (P < 0.001;beta:-0.39). Using definition #1 and #2, anemia was detected in 1385 individuals (23.6%;95% confidence interval CI)CI:22.5,24.7) and in 453 individuals (7.7%;95%CI:7.0,8.4), respectively. Prevalence of moderate anemia (hemoglobin concenttration:110 g/L-80 g/L), detected in 165 individuals (2.8%;95%CI:2.4,3.2), increased with younger age (P = 0.008;odds ratio (OR):0.98;95%CI:0.96,0.99), female gender (P < 0.001;OR:2.52;95%CI:1.47,4.33), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;OR:1.08;95%CI:1.06,1.09), longer blood clotting time (P < 0.001;OR:8.56;95%CI:5.68,12.9), and marginally significantly, with a lower waist-hip circumference ratio (P = 0.058;OR:0.13;95%CI:0.02,1.07). In women, it was significantly (P < 0.001) higher before menopause (8.8%;95%CI:6.4,11.1) than after menopause (3.5%;95%CI:2.8,4.3). Conclusions: In this Russian population as compared to populations from countries with a similar socio-demographic index, anemia prevalence was relatively low. As in other populations, higher anemia prevalence was strongly and inversely associated with menopause, and to a minor degree, with lower waist-hip circumference ratio and lower socio-economic background