Optimasi Formula Granul Effervescent Kombinasi Ekstrak Kelopak Bunga Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. dan Ekstrak Daun Guazuma Ulmifolia Lam.

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. dan Hibiscus sabdariffa L. dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Penelitian ini membuat sediaan granul effervescent dari kombinasi ekstrak daun Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. dan ekstak Kelopak Bunga Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Jamu yang mengandung ekstrak tersebut biasanya memiliki rasa yang pahit. Formulasi dalam bentuk effervescent, dengan asam sitrat dan natrium bikarbonat sebagai sumber asam dan basa, dapat memperbaiki sifat yang kurang menyenangkan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formula optimum yang memiliki sifat fisik granul effervescent yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan metode desain faktorial dengan dua faktor dan dua level yang menghasilkan empat formula yaitu formula (1), a, b, dan ab. Sifat fisik granul effervescent yang diuji adalah kelembaban dan waktu larut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi natrium bikarbonat dapat menurunkan kelembaban dan waktu larut. Sedangkan, peningkatan konsentrasi asam sitrat justru sebaliknya. Formula optimum yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini mengandung asam sitrat 600 mg dan natrium bikarbonat 1440 mg. Formula tersebut memiliki komposisi yang sama seperti formula b

Comparison of Beetle Nut Seed (Areca Cathecu L) Extract Tablet Therapy Result in Infestation Intestinal Worm at Mumbulsari-jember

Worm disease is a disease that can be suffered by all ages. According to WHO data, the number of worms to reach one billion people in the world, and about 40-60 percent of Indonesia's population is infected with worms. Indonesia is included in a tropical country so that the various parasites thrive in the cycle so it can easily infect humans. According to the study of Kurniawati (2008) conducted at the elementary school age children in Mumbulsari Jember, infection was found positive by Ascaris lumbricoides with the highest percentage (68.96%), Enterobius vermicularis (34.48%), and hookworm (17.24% ). Empirically beetle nut is a drug effective against intestinal worms.Objective: to compare the therapeutic outcomes of beetle nut extract’s tablets (Areca cathecu L) in patients with intestinal nematode infestation in mumbulsari, Jember with standard treatment. Method: The design of the study is a randomized control clinical trial methods. Subjects who had tested positive for infection by stool examination will be divided into two groups randomly, group A as a treatment group given treatment tablets of extract of beetle nut, while group B as a control group given a standard drug that is pirantel pamoat. Two weeks later examined the amount of EPG (egg per gram) in stool samples and the results were analysed statisticaly using two way Anova. Result: The results of statistical analysis of two way ANOVA p <0.05 indicates the type of material factors of treatment had the same average decrease in the number of eggs. Factor type of intestinal worms had different average decrease in the number of eggs while the interaction factor showed an equal decrease number of eggs. In the Tukey-HSD test showed that Ascaris and Hookworm have a better therapeutic outcome than Trichuris trichiura. Conclusion: extract of beetle nut has an equal therapeutic outcome with pirantel pamoat on infestation of hookworm and Ascaris worms and have a better therapeutic outcome on infestation of Trichuris trichiura worm

Bone marrow transplantation alters the tremor phenotype in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy

Tremor is a prominent phenotype of the twitcher mouse, an authentic genetic model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe’s disease). In the current study, the tremor was quantified using a force-plate actometer designed to accommodate low-weight mice. The actometer records the force oscillations caused by a mouse’s movements, and the rhythmic structure of the force variations can be revealed. Results showed that twitcher mice had significantly increased power across a broad band of higher frequencies compared to wildtype mice. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only available therapy for GLD, worsened the tremor in the twitcher mice and induced a measureable alteration of movement phenotype in the wildtype mice. These data highlight the damaging effects of conditioning radiation and BMT in the neonatal period. The behavioral methodology used herein provides a quantitative approach for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions for Krabbe’s disease

Alcohol-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the fetal macaque brain

BACKGROUND: In utero exposure of the fetal non-human primate (NHP) brain to alcohol on a single occasion during early or late third-trimester gestation triggers widespread acute apoptotic death of cells in both gray and white matter (WM) regions of the fetal brain. In a prior publication, we documented that the dying gray matter cells are neurons, and described the regional distribution and magnitude of this cell death response. Here, we present new findings regarding the magnitude, identity and maturational status of the dying WM cells in these alcohol-exposed fetal NHP brains. RESULTS: Our findings document that the dying WM cells belong to the oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage. OLs become vulnerable when they are just beginning to generate myelin basic protein in preparation for myelinating axons, and they remain vulnerable throughout later stages of myelination. We found no evidence linking astrocytes, microglia or OL progenitors to this WM cell death response. The mean density (profiles per mm(3)) of dying WM cells in alcohol-exposed brains was 12.7 times higher than the mean density of WM cells dying by natural apoptosis in drug-naive control brains. CONCLUSIONS: In utero exposure of the fetal NHP brain to alcohol on a single occasion triggers widespread acute apoptotic death of neurons (previous study) and of OLs (present study) throughout WM regions of the developing brain. The rate of OL apoptosis in alcohol-exposed brains was 12.7 times higher than the natural OL apoptosis rate. OLs become sensitive to the apoptogenic action of alcohol when they are just beginning to generate constituents of myelin in their cytoplasm, and they remain vulnerable throughout later stages of myelination. There is growing evidence for a similar apoptotic response of both neurons and OLs following exposure of the developing brain to anesthetic and anticonvulsant drugs. Collectively, this body of evidence raises important questions regarding the role that neuro and oligo apoptosis may play in the human condition known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), and also poses a question whether other apoptogenic drugs, although long considered safe for pediatric/obstetric use, may have the potential to cause iatrogenic FASD-like developmental disability syndromes

Bone Marrow Transplantation Alters the Tremor Phenotype in the Murine Model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from "http://www.mdpi.com".Tremor is a prominent phenotype of the twitcher mouse, an authentic genetic model of Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe’s disease). In the current study, the tremor was quantified using a force-plate actometer designed to accommodate low-weight mice. The actometer records the force oscillations caused by a mouse’s movements, and the rhythmic structure of the force variations can be revealed. Results showed that twitcher mice had significantly increased power across a broad band of higher frequencies compared to wildtype mice. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only available therapy for GLD, worsened the tremor in the twitcher mice and induced a measureable alteration of movement phenotype in the wildtype mice. These data highlight the damaging effects of conditioning radiation and BMT in the neonatal period. The behavioral methodology used herein provides a quantitative approach for assessing the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions for Krabbe’s disease

The Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Kidney Disease

Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney disease; Mitochondrial dysfunctionLesión renal aguda; Enfermedad renal crónica; Disfunción mitocondrialLesió renal aguda; Malaltia renal crònica; Disfunció mitocondrialMitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and fission processes leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, release of cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA resulting in apoptosis, mitophagy, and defects in energy metabolism are the key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. Currently, various strategies target the mitochondria to improve kidney function and kidney treatment. The agents used in these strategies can be classified as biogenesis activators, fission inhibitors, antioxidants, mPTP inhibitors, and agents which enhance mitophagy and cardiolipin-protective drugs. Several glucose-lowering drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are also known to have influences on these mechanisms. In this review, we delineate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease, the current mitochondria-targeting treatment options affecting the kidneys and the future role of mitochondria in kidney pathology

Novel risk management integrated model implementation: comparison between manufacturing and service companies

Till now a framework to define a common and unified standard model for integrated risk management systems, which is suitable to be used in all contingency factors settings, has not been found. For this reason, as the main objective of applying the standards of management systems in the organizations is to determine the risk that affects the ability of the organization to achieve its goals and desired results in addition to organizing and coordinating all operations and the optimal use of resources, the purpose is to develop an integrated risk management model for standardized management systems with growing trends such as ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ISO/IEC 27001:2013, ISO 45001:2018 and ISO 22000:2018 with the aim to allow organizations to manage their operations and risks appearing in a manner that reduces the use of available resources and improves the overall performance. Novel risk management integrated model in standardized management systems has three levels – correspondence, coordination and integration and putting in place a clear and structured approach to control of organizational risk. Proposed model has been checked empirically to survey contextual independence of proposed model using Mann-Whitney U*test and it has been proved that the model is context free and applicable to companies from different sectors – both in production and service companies