Entrepreneurship in the third age: data from Russia

The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of early entrepreneurial activity in the third age, to assess the dynamics of its change in recent years in Russia and the projected values for the future. The study examined the advantages and disadvantages of early entrepreneurship in the age group, estimated its levels for the period from 2013 to 2018, compared business activity in Russia and a number of large economically developed countries, and proposed a forecast of the potential number of start-up entrepreneurs, taking into account current trends. The results of surveys conducted during the Global monitoring of entrepreneurship and the corresponding national report on Russia, as well as official information from the Federal state statistics service, reflecting the population size by age groups and demographic forecast, were used as initial data for the study

Специализация и концентрация инвестиций в основной капитал предприятий: информация из России

The purpose of this study was to assess the current levels of sectoral concentration and regional specialization of investments in Russia using Krugman’s Indexes of concentration and specialization. The study used data from the official statistical observation of activities of all Russian enterprises for the year 2014, representing 78 Russian regions and 14 types of economic activity. A calculated indices based sectoral and regional analysis of investments has enabled us to assess the achieved level of investment differentiation, to identify the most significant contributions to the sectoral concentration and regional specialization, as well as to perform a comparative analysis of investment flows. A high level of concentration was observed in hospitality, fishing and aquaculture sectors. The regional specialization is relatively small in Russia. These results could be of interest to entrepreneurs when choosing the type of sectors. The economic models developed in this study can be widely applied to monitor and diagnose the level of investment, as well as to transform the national policy in order to increase the return on fixed capital investment of enterprises. The methodological significance of this work consists in the development of tools describing the investment processes in Russia, as well as in the assessment of the current level of their territorial and sectoral differentiation.El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles actuales de concentración sectorial y la especialización regional de las inversiones en Rusia utilizando los índices de concentración y especialización de Krugman. El estudio utilizó datos de la observación estadística oficial de las actividades de todas las empresas rusas para el año 2014, que representan 78 regiones rusas y 14 tipos de actividad económica. Un análisis sectorial y regional de inversiones calculado a partir de índices nos ha permitido evaluar el nivel alcanzado de diferenciación de inversiones, identificar las contribuciones más significativas a la concentración sectorial y la especialización regional, así como realizar un análisis comparativo de los flujos de inversión. Se observó un alto nivel de concentración en los sectores de hostelería, pesca y acuicultura. La especialización regional es relativamente pequeña en Rusia. Estos resultados podrían ser de interés para los empresarios a la hora de elegir el tipo de sectores. Los modelos económicos desarrollados en este estudio pueden aplicarse ampliamente para monitorear y diagnosticar el nivel de inversión, así como para transformar la política nacional a fin de aumentar el rendimiento de la inversión de capital fijo de las empresas. La importancia metodológica de este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de herramientas que describen los procesos de inversión en Rusia, así como en la evaluación del nivel actual de su diferenciación territorial y sectorial.Целью настоящего исследования явилась оценка современных уровней отраслевой концентрации и региональной специализации инвестиций в России с использованием индексов концентрации и специализации Кругмана. В исследовании использованы данные официального статистического наблюдения за деятельностью всех российских предприятий за 2014 год, представляющих 78 регионов России и 14 видов экономической деятельности. Рассчитанные на основе отраслевого и регионального анализа инвестиций показатели позволили оценить сложившийся уровень инвестиционной дифференциации, выявить наиболее значимые вклады в отраслевую концентрацию и региональную специализацию, а также провести сравнительный анализ инвестиционных потоков. Высокий уровень концентрации наблюдался в таких видах деятельности, как гостиницы и рестораны, а также рыболовство. Региональная специализация в России относительно невелика. Эти результаты могут быть интересны предпринимателям при выборе вида экономической деятельности. Разработанные в данном исследовании экономические модели могут найти широкое применение для мониторинга и диагностики уровня инвестиций, а также для трансформации национальной политики с целью повышения отдачи от инвестиций в основной капитал предприятий. Методологическая значимость данной работы заключается в разработке инструментария описания инвестиционных процессов в России, а также в оценке современного уровня их территориальной и отраслевой дифференциации

Оценка инвестиций в основной капитал российских малых предприятий и микропредприятий в 2018 году

The purpose of this work is the assessment of the investments into fixed capital of small enterprises and microenterprises and influence on investment such factors as size categories, types of economic activity and territorial placement. The comparative analysis of small enterprises and microenterprises investments is based on relative indicators, which are calculated per enterprise and per worker. The research was conducted with the usage of the official statistical information obtained in the course of observation activity of the enterprises in 2018. Modeling of empirical data was based on functions of normal distribution. We defined the values investments in small enterprises and microenterprises which are located in 82 regions and related to two categories and sixteen types of activity. We revealed regularities of distribution of investments calculated per enterprise and per worker, and identified the regions with the lowest investments in small enterprises and microenterprises. New knowledge of the investment in the fixed capital in the Russian small enterprises and microenterprises was achieved. Proposed information and tools are applicable for justification of the investments can be used for the small enterprises and microenterprises development.El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar las inversiones en capital fijo de pequeñas empresas y microempresas e influir en la inversión, tales como categorías de tamaño, tipos de actividad económica y colocación territorial. El análisis comparativo de las inversiones de pequeñas empresas y microempresas se basa en indicadores relativos, que se calculan por empresa y por trabajador. La investigación se realizó con el uso de la información estadística oficial obtenida en el curso de la actividad de observación de las empresas en 2018. El modelado de datos empíricos se basó en funciones de distribución normal. Definimos las inversiones en valores en pequeñas empresas y microempresas que se ubican en 82 regiones y están relacionadas con dos categorías y dieciséis tipos de actividad. Revelamos las regularidades de la distribución de las inversiones calculadas por empresa y por trabajador, e identificamos las regiones con las inversiones más bajas en pequeñas empresas y microempresas. Se logró un nuevo conocimiento de la inversión en capital fijo en las pequeñas empresas y microempresas rusas. La información y las herramientas propuestas son aplicables para la justificación de las inversiones que se pueden utilizar para el desarrollo de pequeñas empresas y microempresas.Целью данной работы является оценка инвестиций в основной капитал малых предприятий и микропредприятий, а также влияния на инвестиции таких факторов, как размерные категории, виды экономической деятельности и территориальное размещение. Сравнительный анализ инвестиций малых предприятий и микропредприятий основан на относительных показателях, которые рассчитываются на одно предприятие и на одного работника. Исследование проводилось с использованием официальной статистической информации, полученной в ходе наблюдения за деятельностью предприятий в 2018 году. Моделирование эмпирических данных проводилось с использованием функций нормального распределения. Определены величины инвестиций в малые предприятия и микропредприятия, расположенные в 82 регионах и относящиеся к двум категориям и шестнадцати видам деятельности. Выявлены закономерности распределения инвестиций в расчете на предприятие и на одного работника, выявлены регионы с наименьшими инвестициями в малые предприятия и микропредприятия. Получены новые знания об инвестициях в основной капитал российских малых предприятий и микропредприятий. Предлагаемая информация и инструментарий применимы для обоснования инвестиций, могут быть использованы для развития малых предприятий и микропредприятий

Configurations and conformations of the α- and β-thiooxides of Δ3-carene

1. Analysis of1H NMR spectra has shown that the thiooxide obtained from the α-oxide of Δ3-carene has the two three-membered rings in the cis-configuration, while the thiooxide obtained from the β-oxide is a trans-isomer. 2. Measurements of the1H and13C NMR spectra and the Kerr effect have shown the predominant conformation of the α-thiooxide molecule to be that of the inverted boat. In the case of the β-thiooxide, a conformational equilibrium is established in which the predominant configuration is that of the inverted boat, according to the NMR data, and that of the boat itself, according to the Kerr effect measurements. © 1977 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Practical recommendations for university graduates’ readiness formation to occupational mobility

© 2016 Yakhina et al.The research urgency is caused by the development of economic integration and demand for professionals able to adapt to constantly changing working conditions. The purpose of the paper is to develop practical recommendations on formation of University graduates’ readiness to occupational mobility. A leading approach to the study is the structural-functional approach allowing revealing of the nature and structure of occupational mobility, to identify the pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness to professional mobility. The study involved 300 teachers, 450 students who took part in characterizing levels of readiness for occupational mobility and definition of its criteria. Main results of the research consist of the identification of core components of occupational mobility (axiological, epistemological, praxeological) and pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness to occupational mobility (formation of occupational value orientations of students; the modular structure of educational process; organization of project-based learning), identifying of levels of readiness for occupational mobility (high, average, low) and the criteria (motivational, cognitive, activity-related). The significance of the results obtained is that the identified components of occupational mobility allow us to consider it as an integrative quality of the personality of the specialist, which characterizes the readiness for rapid and successful acquisition of new activities. Identified pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness for occupational mobility provide their focus on the active acquisition of the latest occupational achievements and expansion of the scope of activities, qualification enhancement and development of competitiveness. Levels of readiness for occupational mobility help to develop the ability to quickly mastering of new skills and changes in them arising under the influence of scientific, social and technical changes. Criteria of readiness for occupational mobility reflect the unity of fundamental knowledge, occupational competences and personal qualities

Three-dimensional structures of phosphorus-containing heterocycles. Communication 35. 2-Phenoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxaselenaphosphorinanes

1. 2-Aroxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxaselenaphosphorinanes have primarily a chair conformation with an axial orientation of the aroxy grouping; the aryl group occupies a gauche orientation with respect to the P=O bond on the side of the ring O atom, The benzene ring is oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the p-O-Csp2 bonds, and this promotes disruption of the p-π conjugation. 2. The anisotropy of the polarizability of the P-Se bond and the vicinal3JpSeCH SSCC for the trans and gauche orientations of the P and H atoms were determined for the first time. © 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Three-dimensional structures of phosphorus-containing heterocycles. Communication 34. 2-Phenoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinanes

According to the data from the1H NMR spectra, the dipole moments, and the Kerr effect, the preferred conformation of 2-aroxy-2-oxy-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinanes is a chair conformation with an axial orientation of the aroxy grouping and a gauche orientation of the aryl group relative to the P=O bond on the side of the cyclic oxygen atom. In the investigated compounds the p-π conjugation is disrupted, as evidenced by the orthogonal orientation of the unshared pair of p electrons of the exocyclic oxygen atom and the π orbitals of the benzene ring. © 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Configurations and conformations of the α- and β-thiooxides of Δ3-carene

1. Analysis of1H NMR spectra has shown that the thiooxide obtained from the α-oxide of Δ3-carene has the two three-membered rings in the cis-configuration, while the thiooxide obtained from the β-oxide is a trans-isomer. 2. Measurements of the1H and13C NMR spectra and the Kerr effect have shown the predominant conformation of the α-thiooxide molecule to be that of the inverted boat. In the case of the β-thiooxide, a conformational equilibrium is established in which the predominant configuration is that of the inverted boat, according to the NMR data, and that of the boat itself, according to the Kerr effect measurements. © 1977 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Practical recommendations for university graduates’ readiness formation to occupational mobility

© 2016 Yakhina et al.The research urgency is caused by the development of economic integration and demand for professionals able to adapt to constantly changing working conditions. The purpose of the paper is to develop practical recommendations on formation of University graduates’ readiness to occupational mobility. A leading approach to the study is the structural-functional approach allowing revealing of the nature and structure of occupational mobility, to identify the pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness to professional mobility. The study involved 300 teachers, 450 students who took part in characterizing levels of readiness for occupational mobility and definition of its criteria. Main results of the research consist of the identification of core components of occupational mobility (axiological, epistemological, praxeological) and pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness to occupational mobility (formation of occupational value orientations of students; the modular structure of educational process; organization of project-based learning), identifying of levels of readiness for occupational mobility (high, average, low) and the criteria (motivational, cognitive, activity-related). The significance of the results obtained is that the identified components of occupational mobility allow us to consider it as an integrative quality of the personality of the specialist, which characterizes the readiness for rapid and successful acquisition of new activities. Identified pedagogical conditions of formation of University graduates’ readiness for occupational mobility provide their focus on the active acquisition of the latest occupational achievements and expansion of the scope of activities, qualification enhancement and development of competitiveness. Levels of readiness for occupational mobility help to develop the ability to quickly mastering of new skills and changes in them arising under the influence of scientific, social and technical changes. Criteria of readiness for occupational mobility reflect the unity of fundamental knowledge, occupational competences and personal qualities