Entrepreneurship in the third age: data from Russia

The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of early entrepreneurial activity in the third age, to assess the dynamics of its change in recent years in Russia and the projected values for the future. The study examined the advantages and disadvantages of early entrepreneurship in the age group, estimated its levels for the period from 2013 to 2018, compared business activity in Russia and a number of large economically developed countries, and proposed a forecast of the potential number of start-up entrepreneurs, taking into account current trends. The results of surveys conducted during the Global monitoring of entrepreneurship and the corresponding national report on Russia, as well as official information from the Federal state statistics service, reflecting the population size by age groups and demographic forecast, were used as initial data for the study

VI Toretsky settlement excavation study

© Medwell Journals, 2015. The study introduces scientific use a new collection of pottery from Toretsky urban settlement (the XVth century) the cultural heritage which is studied by the researchers for the first time. Excavation VI which was founded in 2003-2004 stands out in terms of ceramic material quantity (>5400 pieces). The excavation was founded by S.I. Valiulina on the northern periphery of the settlement in order to determine the boundaries of the monument in this direction. The study revealed that the range of ancient potter product consists of the following categories: jugs, cups, pots of different sizes, bowls, lamps and spherical cone. Over 65% of ceramics is referred to "common Bulgarian" group. "Old Russian" dishes, represented mainly by pots and a few fragments of "Kama-Ural region" ceramics with a crushed shell mixture. The obtained materials based on analogy allow a preliminary dating of found objects which is the middle-second half of the XIIIth century. However, the ceramic material of the excavation VI in 2009-2011 is close to the materials of the XV century settlement main part which implies a double-sided nature of Toretsky settlement on its northern periphery

Moessbauer Study of Sphero-Conical Vessels from Bolgar

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Samples of sphero-conical vessels found in mass quantities in the ancient settlement Bolgar were analyzed by Moessbauer spectroscopy. Wares with relatively low annealing temperatures < 500°C and having a ratio Fe par /Fe 2+ ≤ 1.11 in transmission spectra were differentiated from those with high ones. The detected value of Fepar3+ /Fe 2+ was considerably less than the value of 2.69 that was characteristic of raw materials for pottery production in the vicinity of the selected settlement. This indicated that other non-local sources of raw materials existed in the medieval handicraft center

Configurations and conformations of the α- and β-thiooxides of Δ3-carene

1. Analysis of1H NMR spectra has shown that the thiooxide obtained from the α-oxide of Δ3-carene has the two three-membered rings in the cis-configuration, while the thiooxide obtained from the β-oxide is a trans-isomer. 2. Measurements of the1H and13C NMR spectra and the Kerr effect have shown the predominant conformation of the α-thiooxide molecule to be that of the inverted boat. In the case of the β-thiooxide, a conformational equilibrium is established in which the predominant configuration is that of the inverted boat, according to the NMR data, and that of the boat itself, according to the Kerr effect measurements. © 1977 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Three-dimensional structure of phosphorus-containing heterocycles - I. Dipole moments, Kerr constants, and structures of some 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes

The dipole moments and molar Kerr constants of 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-2-chloro-, and 4-methyl-2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes were determined. It was found that a chair conformation with an equatorial p-Cl bond is realized in all cases. © 1974 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation

Identification of the Residue in the Bolgar Medieval Sphero-Conical Vessel by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry

© 2017 University of Oxford The Golden Horde sphero-conical vessel retrieved from the ruins of the medieval city of Bolgar (Russia, Republic of Tat arstan) during archaeological excavations, which contained residue in the form of encrustation on the bottom and the wall, was analysed in the NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’ by X-ray phase analysis and high-performance liquid and gas chromatography with MS detectors (HPLC–MS, GC–MS). The GC–MS method established that the residue from the sphero-conical vessel was comprised primarily of abietic acid derivatives (around 46%) and retene, which is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (around 27%); this means that turpentine exuded from the stems of certain species of coniferous trees, called resin and subsequently heat-treated, was poured into the vessel. Researchers have been trying to decipher the function of these mysterious vessels for 200 years, and this is the first time that resin stored in a sphero-conical vessel has been documented. Potentially, this vessel was probably used as a personal ‘medical kit’

Three-dimensional structures of phosphorus-containing heterocycles 50. 2-dimethylamino-2-oxo- and -2-thiono-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinanes

A chair conformation with an axial orientation of the phosphoryl or thiophosphoryl group is preferable for 2-dimethylamino-2-oxo- and-2-thiono-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinanes. The cis isomer of 2-dimethylamino-2-oxo-4-methyl-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinane has a similar structure with an equatorial orientation of the 4-methyl group, while the corresponding sulfide is characterized by a trans configuration with a reoriented positioning of the substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. © 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation

The Fundamental Study of Arima Bamboo Industry (2)

A chair conformation with an axial orientation of the phosphoryl or thiophosphoryl group is preferable for 2-dimethylamino-2-oxo- and-2-thiono-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinanes. The cis isomer of 2-dimethylamino-2-oxo-4-methyl-1,3,2-oxathiaphosphorinane has a similar structure with an equatorial orientation of the 4-methyl group, while the corresponding sulfide is characterized by a trans configuration with a reoriented positioning of the substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. © 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation

The Sustainable Development of Competitive Enterprises through the Implementation of Innovative Development Strategy

The purpose of this article is to develop methodological approaches to the production effectiveness's evaluating and products competitiveness's level estimation to identify risk groups according to the products and producers, to propose targeted measures manufacturers' support, to activate innovative development and minimize potential social impacts. The leading method to study this problem is the method of constructing the matrix of the producers' efficiency and the commodities' competitiveness which allows implement a differentiated approach to the strategies' development of production's innovative development and social risks' minimization. The article proposes a methodological approach to the products competitiveness's level assessment based on the efficiency of production and external conditional factors and identifies the respective groups of competitive and non-competitive commodities and producers, as well as it defines the resource and innovation potential, with further strategy development. The study materials can be used in the management of manufacturing development, both at the level of the industrial enterprises' services and government agencies, to assess the level of products' competitiveness, to create strategies of innovation development, to develop targeted actions for the exports' development. Keywords: commodities' competitiveness, production efficiency, export potential, innovation development JEL Classifications: O31, O34, Q0

VI Toretsky settlement excavation study

© Medwell Journals, 2015. The study introduces scientific use a new collection of pottery from Toretsky urban settlement (the XVth century) the cultural heritage which is studied by the researchers for the first time. Excavation VI which was founded in 2003-2004 stands out in terms of ceramic material quantity (>5400 pieces). The excavation was founded by S.I. Valiulina on the northern periphery of the settlement in order to determine the boundaries of the monument in this direction. The study revealed that the range of ancient potter product consists of the following categories: jugs, cups, pots of different sizes, bowls, lamps and spherical cone. Over 65% of ceramics is referred to "common Bulgarian" group. "Old Russian" dishes, represented mainly by pots and a few fragments of "Kama-Ural region" ceramics with a crushed shell mixture. The obtained materials based on analogy allow a preliminary dating of found objects which is the middle-second half of the XIIIth century. However, the ceramic material of the excavation VI in 2009-2011 is close to the materials of the XV century settlement main part which implies a double-sided nature of Toretsky settlement on its northern periphery