Effects of different roasting parameters on selected physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of coffee beans / Nur Fatin Najihah Md Sobri... [et al.]

Arabica coffee beans from the same origin were roasted at three different roasting parameters namely minimum roasting (180°C), medium roasting (220°C) and maximum roasting (260°C) each for 20 minutes in order to investigate the changes in the physical, chemical and sensorial evaluation. During the roasting process, the coffee beans becomes more brittle due to the chemical, physical and structural modifications. There are limited studies reported for coffee beans that have been roasted with different roasting parameters in term of selected physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation. The roasted coffee beans oil was extracted by using Soxhlet Extraction method for 8 hours. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different roasting parameters on selected physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of coffee beans in the term of: moisture content (%), oil extraction (%), peroxide value (mEq/kg), acid value (mg KOH/g), furan (absorbance) and sensory evaluation. The furan (abs) content was recorded as 0.24 ± 0.04 (minimum roasting), 0.69 ± 0.03 (medium roasting) and 0.91 ± 0.01 (maximum roasting). In terms of sensory evaluation, most participants preferred coffee drink made from medium roasted coffee beans for aroma, colour, sweetness, flavour and overall criteria. Meanwhile, for the acidity and bitterness criteria, the participants preferred coffee drink made from maximum roasted coffee beans. As a conclusion, roasting temperature is the main factor that influences the physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of coffee beans

A Comparison of Linear and Integer Linear Programming for the Profit Optimization in Bakery Production: A Case Study at Temptlicious Enterprise

Nowadays, the bakery industry is widely spread and famous because it can be run by a small industry or a large industry. Seeing as bakery businesses, especially small industries prefer to allocate scarce resources through trial and error to maximize profit. As a result, the company has had difficulty allocating scarce resources, affecting gross profit and gross profit margin (GPM). As a consequence, the goals of this study were (i) to determine the total number of selected products that Templicious Enterprise should produce, (ii) to compare final results using Linear Programming (LP), Integer Linear Programming (ILP), and trial-and-error methods and (iii) to find out the limits of the maximum and minimum for each type of product using sensitivity analysis. The LP and ILP methods are calculated manually and using QM for Windows. As a result, it shows that the Templicious Enterprise should produce a total of one cycle (3 units) of standard pavlova, three cycles (24 units) of superbaby pavlova and one cycle (2 units) of personal pavlova for a total profit of RM 446.99. The result was obtained using ILP, and lastly, it shows that if prices rise, the Temptlicious Enterprise will have to raise the price of the pavlova they make to avoid making a loss

Optimization of soxhlet extraction parameter of annona muricata leaves using box-behnken design (BBD) expert and antioxidant analysis

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction of herbal plant of Annona muricata L. using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with three factors and two responses (yield and total solid content) was implemented. The processing parameters of A. muricata leaves by soxhlet extraction were solvent to raw material ratio, ethanol concentration, and duration of extraction using soxhlet extractor. The presence of acetogenins compounds was screened by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Optimum condition with the solvent to raw material ratio (1:5.92), ethanol concentration (1.67 %), and duration of extraction (6.84 hours) was obtained and further analyzed with antioxidant tests. Analyses showed the A. muricata leaves contained high total phenolic and flavonoid contents which corresponding to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test. The DPPH result showed that the extract has the highest percentage of scavenging activity with the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of leaves is 0.243 mg/mL ± 0.001 nearly comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid (Vit. C), which indicated that the leaves also have higher free radical scavenging activity compared to these commercial standards. Besides, the presence of primary; polysacharide (21.85 % ± 0.001), protein (19.59 % ± 0.000), glycosaponin (18.87 % ± 0.001) and secondary; phenolic (47.26 mg GAE/1g ± 0.001), flavonoid (22.12 mg CE/1g ± 0.001) metabolites in A. muricata leaves suggested that the leaves contained strong antioxidant properties that are believed can act as anticancer agent for the body

A review on surface tension measurements by optical method for medical application

Surface tension is a surface characteristic that is related to the forces of molecules residing at the interface. The presence of surface active substance in biological or body fluids which adsorb at interface influences the norm surface tension value. Such the changes indicate valuable signs in the medical field, particularly in pathological states. The conventional surface tension measurements suffered several flaws including lack of dynamic control and required a direct contact with the samples. The optical method seems to be attractive and useful in the surface phenomena owing to non-contact capabilities, non-destructive procedures and required a finite sample volume. In this paper, various optical techniques for surface tension measurement are reviewed and the potential applications regarding the surface tension through the meniscus formation are well discussed. This paper finds the simplicity and credibility of the optical method offers a good opportunity in fields such as medical and diagnostic analysis for monitoring applications

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Rukhsah in prayer among undergraduate students at International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan campus

Islam is a religion that is based on five pillars which prayer is one of them. Prayer is compulsory for all Muslims, even during sickness. To ease the followers, Islam introduces rukhsah to give flexibility to sick people to perform prayer based on their ability. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding rukhsah in prayer. This study also examined the association between level of knowledge and attitude towards the practice of rukhsah in prayer among undergraduate students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 129 undergraduate students at IIUM, Kuantan. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents among undergraduate students to answers the questionnaire. The obtained data were then entered and coded into IBM SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. Result: The findings showed that most of the respondents had high scores for each construct; knowledge (98.4%, n = 127), attitude (99.2%, n = 128) and practice (89.9%, n = 116), regarding rukhsah in prayer. Also, a significant positive association between level of knowledge and attitude towards the practice of rukhsah in prayer was identified (p < 0.005). Conclusion: The course and program related to disseminating rukhsah's knowledge should be continued to ensure that the students are well versed with its theory and practices. As a potential frontline who will be assisting the patient in the future, knowledge regarding rukhsah is imperative to fulfil the patients' needs

Prozeus enterprise: One stop centre wireless portable charger / Nurul Usni Iman Abd Jamlus [et al.]

In the 21st century today many engineer has constructed and incredible creations of electrical gadget in various forms and material. To compete with that, we have developed an idea that could be beneficial to people by selling a product called wireless portable charger, as we know that portable chargers are commonly used these days and it will be advance to be wireless

Multilingual Online Resources for Minority Languages of a Campus Community

AbstractThis paper discusses on an initiative of developing a repository on multilingual language resources for minority languages of a campus community. The choice of language is based on a survey amongst IIUM international students about the status of their mother language's resources and usages in the digital world. As a starting point, multilingual dictionaries of textual and speech for these identified languages are developed. This initiative is an effort to ensure that such minority languages will be protected from being endangered in this era of globalization

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENTED BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MALAYSIAN SEAWATER

Purpose of study: Bacteria can naturally produce pigments that can be useful for various applications as they possess antimicrobial metabolites among other numerous benefits towards the human health. This study was carried out to identify the species of marine bacterial isolates PMA, PM3C1 and PM5C1 exhibiting yellow, orange and green colors respectively. Methodology: The current study is using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The stability of pigments extracted from the bacterial samples was also analyzed against different temperature and light conditions. Main Findings: Sequence alignment using BLAST revealed that the yellow, orange, and green-pigmented bacteria have 84% similarity with Staphylococcus aureus, 85% similarity with Exiguobacterium profundum and 95% similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The green pigment showed major changes in color following exposure to sunlight and fluorescent light, and when incubated at 24°C and 50°C. Exposure to direct sunlight also results in the reduction of color for the yellow and orange extracts, while no effect was observed for both pigments under fluorescent light. Incubation at 50°C results in the reduction of the orange color, while the yellow pigment was observed to be unaffected suggesting its stability at high temperature. Implications: Natural pigments production can provide many advantages including reduction of pollution generation, ease of disposal and other benefits to the human health

Factors affecting adherence to lipid-lowering drugs: a scoping review

Objectives: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease. In developed countries, only 50% of patients who had chronic illness adhere to their long-term therapy. This article aimed to review the factors affecting adherence to lipid-lowering drugs (LLD). Methods: The articles search were selected based on the available keywords in the title and abstract with the publication restricted between January 2010 to September 2020. Articles generated from the databases must fulfil both inclusion and exclusion criteria in the present systematic review. A total of 221 literature reviews obtained from the initial search. After the exclusion of the articles with irrelevant topics, a total of 23 articles were chosen for this current review. Results: The factors were classified based on three main factors which were patient related, medication related and health- care workers related factors. For patient related factors, this review found gender, age, number of family members, education level, post-hospitalization, comorbidities & CVD risk, follow-up status, occupation, socio-economy, insurance, perception, ethnicity and health plan were among factors affecting adherence to LLD. As for medication related factors, timing, polypharmacy, duration of treatment, generic medication, intensity of medication, side effects, initiating dose, packaging, drug dosing and type of drugs were revealed as contributing factors. In the light of healthcare workers related, factors shown were counselling, medication optimisation, type of provider, and location of hospital. Conclusions: Recommendations to improve adherence include educating patients on the disease itself and the importance of the treatment, modification of the dosing, timing and type of lipid-lowering drugs, and effective consultations by healthcare workers. Further studies need to be done in Malaysia as there is inadequate research on this particular topic

Physicochemical properties of rambutan seed fat / Nadya Hajar [et al.]

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit is abundantly present in Malaysia. It is a seasonal fruit that present twice a year. It has short shelf life at ambient temperature has contributed to fruit wastage. Thus, the initiative of producing canned rambutan is an innovation that makes rambutan fruit available throughout the year. The canned rambutan industry leaves large amount of rambutan seed. This study focused on utililization of rambutan seed as valuable product which is Rambutan Seed Fat (RSF). The RSF was extracted using Soxhlet Extraction method for 8 hours. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties of RSF: melting point (°C), Refractive Index (RI), Total Carotene Content (TCC), water activity (Aw), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV) and saponification value (SV). The results showed that: 38.00±1.00 – 48.83±1.61°C melting point, 1.46±0.00 RI, 1.18±0.06 mg/kg TCC, 0.4721±0.0176 Aw, 1.2162±0.1520 mg KOH/g AV, 9.6000±0.4000 g/g PV and 146.8040±18.0182 mg KOH/g SV, respectively. According to the results, RSF showed high industrial potential as cocoa butter replacement in chocolates and cosmetics production as the physicochemical properties of RSF is quite similar to cocoa butter