DESAIN DAN ANALISA GERBONG KERETA API PENGANGKUT BAHAN BAKAR PREMIUM DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA

Kereta api merupakan salah satu moda transportasi darat yang memiliki peran yang penting dalam pengangkutan massal. Sebagai salah satu moda transportasi darat, kereta api, digunakan untuk mengangkut berbagai jenis barang dan penumpang. Dalam pengangkutan barang kereta api membutuhkan alat angkut berupa gerbong yang disesuaikan dengan jenis muatan, fungsi angkut, dan kapasitas barang yang akan diangkut. Salah satu contoh pengangkutan barang yang cukup penting adalah pengangkutan bahan bakar cair. Gerbong pengangkut bahan bakar cair memiliki wadah muatan berupa tangki sehingga disebut gerbong tangki. Gerbong tangki dituntut untuk dapat melaksanakan fungsinya secara optimal. Guna memenuhi fungsinya gerbong tangki harus dirancang sesuai dengan standar perancangan dan analisa yang baik. Gerbongtangkidirancangmengacupadastandar JIS E 7101-1989 Tank Cardan JIS E 7102-1989 Design Methods for Tank of Tank Car serta Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor : KM 43. Tahun 2010 Tentang Standar Spesifikasi Teknis Gerbong.Gerbongtangki dianalisa kekuatannya menggunakan metode elemen hingga (MEH). Beban yang bekerja pada struktur, disimulasikan mendekati pembebanan yang sebenarnya. Beban utama yang dikenakan adalah beban muatan berupa tekanan hidrostatik. Hasil analisa menggunakan perangkat lunak MEH, menunjukkan bahwa strukturgerbong masih amandalamsegitegangan, defleksimaupunkelelahan (fatigue). Kata kunci: metode elemen hingga, gerbongtangki, fatigu

Evaluation of Coffee Pulp Waste from Coffee Cultivation Areas in Indonesia as Iron Booster

The research aimed to reduce the amount of coffee pulp (CP) as a pollutant and turn it into Coffee Cherry Fluor (CCF) as a functional food. CCF is expected to serve a function as a non-heme iron source to treat anemia. Further, reusing CP should be able to boost the circulation of economy. Six CP samples from three Arabica coffee areas (highlands of Mount Batur, Mount Ijen, and Mount Arjuno) in Indonesia were compared to La Boite CCF, a commercial product made in Brazil. Variables observed were iron contents which is determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, vitamin C contents as enhancers by Iodimetric titration, total phenol contents as inhibitors by Folin-Ciocalteu method, tannin contents by spectrophotometry method, lignin contents by Van Soest method, total plant count by ISO 4833-1, and antioxidant capacity by IC 50 in the DPPH scavenging assay. Sample disparity significance was statistically determined by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test at 95 %. Sample resemblance with La Boite CCF was tested using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and then presented in Heat Map. Conclusively, Mengani CCF and Mengani CP Estate samples are similar to La Boite CCF regarding vitamin C and inhibitor contents. It is suggested to reduce the temperature of the artificial drying device in Mengani. Further research should cover heavy metal contents, proximate analysis, and the detail of amino acid contents as research observed variables; expanding this research in vivo to study non-heme Fe's bioavailability should also be conducted