Apoyo a la Alcaldía Tunja para el desarrollo del documento técnico de soporte del POT

Spa: En el presente informe se consolida el trabajo realizado en un periodo de 4 meses, este se realizó observando cuidadosamente el comportamiento y el desarrollo de la ciudad de Tunja desde la última vez que se tiene registro de un ejercicio de ordenamiento territorial. Durante el desarrollo de la práctica con proyección empresarial se tuvo en cuenta fenómenos regionales, urbanos y rurales que caracterizan el crecimiento y desarrollo del territorio en cuestión, la visión proyectada a 12 años, los principios, objetivos y estrategias territoriales que guían el desarrollo del documento técnico de soporte, al igual que el modelo de ordenamiento territorial que se espera se pueda consolidar a través de las distintas estructuras del ordenamiento.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 63-64.IngenieroIngeniero Civi

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease