Canonical, Stable, General Mapping using Context Schemes

Motivation: Sequence mapping is the cornerstone of modern genomics. However, most existing sequence mapping algorithms are insufficiently general. Results: We introduce context schemes: a method that allows the unambiguous recognition of a reference base in a query sequence by testing the query for substrings from an algorithmically defined set. Context schemes only map when there is a unique best mapping, and define this criterion uniformly for all reference bases. Mappings under context schemes can also be made stable, so that extension of the query string (e.g. by increasing read length) will not alter the mapping of previously mapped positions. Context schemes are general in several senses. They natively support the detection of arbitrary complex, novel rearrangements relative to the reference. They can scale over orders of magnitude in query sequence length. Finally, they are trivially extensible to more complex reference structures, such as graphs, that incorporate additional variation. We demonstrate empirically the existence of high performance context schemes, and present efficient context scheme mapping algorithms. Availability and Implementation: The software test framework created for this work is available from https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/adamnovak/sequence-graphs/. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary Information: Six supplementary figures and one supplementary section are available with the online version of this article.Comment: Submission for Bioinformatic

Some Thoughts on Sanford Levinson’s “Divided Loyalties: The Problem of \u27Dual Sovereignty\u27 and Constitutional Faith”

Analyzes the two divided loyalties that Levinson faces in Divided Loyalties: The Problem of \u27Dual Sovereignty\u27 and Constitutional Faith

Critical Analysis of Pumped Storage Power Plants in Germany

Purpose: Anyone who wants to generate substantial amounts of electricity using regenerative systems must store excess energy so that it can be used again for times when it is needed but not generated by the sun and wind. Pumped storage power plants are currently the only way to present this on a larger scale realistically.Design/methodology/approach: The aim was to find out what the current status quo for pumped storage power plants in Germany is. Only current German literature was evaluated. All relevant German political parties were interviewed and all generally refused to take a position. In a longer expert interview with one of the leading professors and experts in this special field, the deeply unsatisfactory situation and development was clearly confirmed.Findings: The findings achieved can only be described as devastating, since the responsible politicians/parties fundamentally avoid the discussion and the environmental associations and ultimately also the electricity suppliers do not build up the necessary political pressure, while the locally affected population legally defends itself by all means to prevent necessary and directly related changes in your own life.Research/practical implications: In the previous form, it does not go on, since no progress has been made. There must be concerted action by all governing parties, all environmental associations and the media to make it clear that many changes are pending in this area in the future. All future and necessary investments and changes must be legally clear and fundamentally secured in advance. Future research must always stand on three legs here: politically/legally, economically/ecologically and most intensively, sociologically about the population and their approval of the changes, which are sometimes serious.Originality/value: There are hardly any relevant publications about it so far, and it seems that all politically responsible people are trying, at least so far, to keep the topic silent

Hydrogen H2 Is the Solution to Global Overheating—But It Still Takes Time

Purpose: In the overall context of global overheating (belittling it as “climate change”), hydrogen H2 is the core of the solution to be sought. Although this is recognized in professional circles and now even by most politicians, progress towards the global hydrogen economy is still small and progress is too slow.Design/methodology/approach: The goal was to find out why the implementation towards the acceptance and implementation of H2 in the application, mainly in Germany, is progressing much too slowly. Germany stands here as an example for most industrialized countries.Findings: Most people have understood that anthropogenic global overheating can only be solved by new technologies (which cost money, time and behavioral changes) in production and application. Hydrogen H2 seems to be an essential part of the desired solution. Nevertheless, the state, economy and society are slowing down, or at least hurdles are being built up that contribute to a slowdown in implementation.Affected countries: The situation described here, which is largely based on Germany, should be relatively easy to transfer to most EU countries because the situation there is comparable or at least similar. Research/Future/Practical Implications: Yes, there are various hurdles to introducing hydrogen H2. Responsible ministers and heads of government may not want too many changes too quickly themselves, the economy sees it as an immense cost factor (not to mention technical changes) and private individuals act according to their own motivation factors. Finally, it can be assumed that the possibility of making money using H2 applications can be the fastest accelerator in the introduction of H2. This can then be achieved using simple “out-of-the-box” solutions.Originality/value: Currently there are practically no scientific books on the use or rejection of e-mobility. Therefore, only current surveys, market quantities and obvious behaviors of users and challenges can be described here