Estimation of developed building land market value in the municipality of Slovenj Gradec

This thesis discusses the market value of developed building land in the Municipality of Slovenj Gradec. The discussed area is divided into two areas: areas and settlements with a predominantly residential land use and areas and settlements with a predominantly mixed residential and farmland land use. The average prices of the vacant building land for each area are presented and given are the way of calculating the public utilities fee in the Municipality of Slovenj Gradec as well as the comparison between the amount of the public utilities fee per unit between the two given areas. In the last part, the developed building land market value in the Municipality of Slovenj Gradec is evaluated. \ud \u

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF TWO WEED SPECIES, ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MED. AND DATURA STRAMONIUM L. ON GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF CORN

U cilju smanjenja primjene kemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja novija istraživanja znanstvenika, sve više su usmjerena na različite alternativne „nekemijske“ mjere borbe protiv štetočinja. Od njih se traži da budu približno učinkovite kao kemijske mjere, a da manje štete okolišu. Alelokemijske sposobnosti biljaka uočene su već u 3. st. prije Krista ali su se tek u 20. st. počele intenzivno proučavati. Cilj ovog rada bio je proučiti alelokemijske sposobnosti dviju korovnih pridošlica u Republiku Hrvatsku, mračnjaka - Abutilon theophrasti Med. (ABUTH) i kužnjaka - Datura stramonium L. (DATST). U tu svrhu postavljena su dva pokusa kojima se ispitivao alelopatski utjecaj biljne mase ekstrakta nadzemnog i podzemnog dijela mračnjaka kao i vodenog ekstrakta nadzemnih dijelova kužnjaka na početni rast i razvoj kukuruza (Zea mays L.). Ocjena alelopatskog utjecaja utvrđena je mjerenjem ukupnog postotka klijavosti, duljine korijenka i klice kukuruza. Istraživanjima je dokazan izrazit inhibirajući učinak korovne vrste Abutilon theophrasti Med. na duljinu korijenka, klice kao i na ukupnu klijavost zrna kukuruza. Korovna vrsta Datura stramonium L. imala je suprotan, odnosno stimulirajući učinak na duljinu korijenka kukuruza. Primjenom ekstrakta iz nadzemnih dijelova obje istraživane korovne vrste smanjena je ukupna klijavost zrna kukuruza mjerena tri, šest i 10 dana nakon tretiranja. Provedenim pokusima dokazane su, inhibirajuće i stimulirajuće alelopatske interakcije između dviju istraživanih korovnih vrsta i kukuruza.In view of minimising the use of pesticides in agriculture, scientific researchers all over the world are oriented to ther “alternative”, “non-chemical” weed control measures which are required to be efficient as chemicals but should be beneficial to the environment. Although allelopathy interactions between plants were observed in the 3rd century BC, allelopathy and allelochemicals started to play an important role in agriculture in the 20th. The aim of this paper was to investigate the allelopathic effect of two important non-native weed species in Croatia, Abutilon theophrasti Med. (ABUTH) and Datura stramonium L. (DATST). Both of the weeds are very competitive in corn crops and cause great losses in corn yields. Laboratory experiments were conducted in 2004. and 2005. In the first experiment allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of fresh shoot and leaves, and separately aqueous extract of roots of Abutilon theophrast Med. on germination and early growth of corn (Zea mays L.) were examined. In the second experiment allelopathic effect of above part of plant of both weeds were examined only. Aqueous extracts of Abutilon theophrasti Med. inhibited strong germination, radicle and coleoptile length of corn. On the other side promoting effect on radicle length was noticed by aqueous extract of Datura stramonium L. Germination of corn, measured 3, 6 and 10 days after treatments, was inhibited by aqueous extracts of above ground part of plants of both weed species

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF TWO WEED SPECIES, ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI MED. AND DATURA STRAMONIUM L. ON GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF CORN

U cilju smanjenja primjene kemijskih sredstava za zaštitu bilja novija istraživanja znanstvenika, sve više su usmjerena na različite alternativne „nekemijske“ mjere borbe protiv štetočinja. Od njih se traži da budu približno učinkovite kao kemijske mjere, a da manje štete okolišu. Alelokemijske sposobnosti biljaka uočene su već u 3. st. prije Krista ali su se tek u 20. st. počele intenzivno proučavati. Cilj ovog rada bio je proučiti alelokemijske sposobnosti dviju korovnih pridošlica u Republiku Hrvatsku, mračnjaka - Abutilon theophrasti Med. (ABUTH) i kužnjaka - Datura stramonium L. (DATST). U tu svrhu postavljena su dva pokusa kojima se ispitivao alelopatski utjecaj biljne mase ekstrakta nadzemnog i podzemnog dijela mračnjaka kao i vodenog ekstrakta nadzemnih dijelova kužnjaka na početni rast i razvoj kukuruza (Zea mays L.). Ocjena alelopatskog utjecaja utvrđena je mjerenjem ukupnog postotka klijavosti, duljine korijenka i klice kukuruza. Istraživanjima je dokazan izrazit inhibirajući učinak korovne vrste Abutilon theophrasti Med. na duljinu korijenka, klice kao i na ukupnu klijavost zrna kukuruza. Korovna vrsta Datura stramonium L. imala je suprotan, odnosno stimulirajući učinak na duljinu korijenka kukuruza. Primjenom ekstrakta iz nadzemnih dijelova obje istraživane korovne vrste smanjena je ukupna klijavost zrna kukuruza mjerena tri, šest i 10 dana nakon tretiranja. Provedenim pokusima dokazane su, inhibirajuće i stimulirajuće alelopatske interakcije između dviju istraživanih korovnih vrsta i kukuruza.In view of minimising the use of pesticides in agriculture, scientific researchers all over the world are oriented to ther “alternative”, “non-chemical” weed control measures which are required to be efficient as chemicals but should be beneficial to the environment. Although allelopathy interactions between plants were observed in the 3rd century BC, allelopathy and allelochemicals started to play an important role in agriculture in the 20th. The aim of this paper was to investigate the allelopathic effect of two important non-native weed species in Croatia, Abutilon theophrasti Med. (ABUTH) and Datura stramonium L. (DATST). Both of the weeds are very competitive in corn crops and cause great losses in corn yields. Laboratory experiments were conducted in 2004. and 2005. In the first experiment allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of fresh shoot and leaves, and separately aqueous extract of roots of Abutilon theophrast Med. on germination and early growth of corn (Zea mays L.) were examined. In the second experiment allelopathic effect of above part of plant of both weeds were examined only. Aqueous extracts of Abutilon theophrasti Med. inhibited strong germination, radicle and coleoptile length of corn. On the other side promoting effect on radicle length was noticed by aqueous extract of Datura stramonium L. Germination of corn, measured 3, 6 and 10 days after treatments, was inhibited by aqueous extracts of above ground part of plants of both weed species

Uzroci, posljedice i prevencija prekomjerna pjenjenja piva

Prekomjerno pjenjenje piva (engl. beer gushing) definira se kao naglo i nekontrolirano pjenjenje piva odmah po otvaranju ambalaže, bez prethodnog izlaganja ambalaže trešnji ili visokoj temperaturi. Ta je pojava uzrok velikim gubitcima u sladarama i pivovarama širom svijeta te se smatra iznimno nepoželjnom. Razlikujemo primarno i sekundarno prekomjerno pjenjenje piva. Fungalne kontaminacije ječma, posebno kontaminacija plijesnima roda Fusarium, izravno se povezuju s pojavom primarnog prekomjernog pjenjenja piva. Ove plijesni sintetiziraju male proteine nazvane hidrofobini, koji se navode kao glavni uzročnici prekomjernog pjenjenja piva. Uzročnici sekundarnog prekomjernog pjenjenja piva su brojniji i uključuju različite kemikalije i postupke koji se upotrebljavaju tijekom proizvodnje piva. Sekundarno pjenjenje piva uglavnom se može izbjeći primjenom dobre proizvođačke prakse, dok je problem učinkovitog suzbijanja primarnog prekomjernog pjenjenja piva još uvijek predmet brojnih istraživanja

Strong Hydrogen Bonds in Acetylenedicarboxylic Acid Dihydrate

Acetylenedicarboxylic acid dihydrate (ADAD) represents a complex with strong hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic OH and the water molecule. An X-ray re-examination of the ADAD crystal structure confirms the O...O distance of the short hydrogen bonds, and clearly shows different bond lengths between the two oxygen atoms with respect to the carbon atom in the carboxyl group, indicating a neutral structure for the complex. The neutral structure was also confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy, as no proton transfer was observed. The diffraction studies also revealed two polymorph modifications: room temperature (α) and low temperature (β), with a phase transition at approximately 4.9 °C. The calculated vibrational spectra are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental spectra. A comparison of the structure and the vibrational spectra between the ADAD and the oxalic acid dihydrate reveals some interesting details. The crystal structures of both crystal hydrates are almost identical ; only the O...O distances of the strongest hydrogen bonds differ by 0.08 Å. Although it was expected that a larger O...O spacing in the ADAD crystal may significantly change the infrared and Raman spectra, especially for the frequency and the shape of the acidic OH stretching vibration, both the shape and frequency are almost identical, with all subpeaks topped on the broad OH stretching vibration. The O…O distance dependent are only inand out-of-plane OH deformations modes. The presence of polarons due to the ionized defects was not observed in the vibrational spectra of ADAD. Therefore, the origin of the broad OH band shape was explained in a similar way to the acid dimers. The anharmonicity of a potential enhances the coupling of the OH stretching with the low- frequency hydrogen bond stretching, which, in addition to the Fermi resonance, structures the band shape of the OH stretching. The fine structure found as a superposition of a broad OH stretching is attributed to Davydov coupling

Uticaj resorptivne membrane humanog porekla na regeneraciju koštanog tkiva - patohistološka studija

Background/Aim. Filling a bone defect with bone substitution materials is a therapy of choice, but the infiltration of connective tissue from the mucoperiostal flap may compromise a healing of bone substitutions with bony wall defects. Application of membrane as a barrier is indicated as a solution to this problem. The aim of this study was to show a pathohistological view of bone regeneration and the significance of human resorbable demineralized membrane (HRDM), 200 μ thick in bone regeneration regarding mandibular defects in an experiment on dogs. Methods. The experiment was performed on six dogs. Bone defects were created in all six dogs on the right side of the mandible after the elevation of the mucoperiostal flap. One defect was filled with human deproteinised bone (HDB), and in between HDB and soft tissue RHDM of 200 μ thick was placed. In the second defect, used as a control one, only HDB without RHDM was placed. Two dogs were sacrificed two months after the surgery, another two dogs four months after the surgery and the last two dogs six months after the surgery. After that, samples of bone tissue were taken for histopathological analysis. Results. In all the six dogs with defects treated with HDB and RHDM the level of bone regeneration was much higher in comparison with the control defects without RHDM. Conclusion. Membrane, as a cover of bony defect, is useful and benefits bone regeneration. Bony defects covered with RHDM show better bony healing despite the fact that bone regeneration was not fully complete for as long as six months after the RHDM implantation.Uvod/Cilj. Popunjavanje koštanih defekata zamenicima kosti je terapija izbora, ali prorastanje vezivnog tkiva iz mukoperiostalnog režnja može kompromitovati sam proces zarastanja zamenika kosti sa zidovima koštanih defekata. U cilju rešavanja ovog problema indikovana je primena membrane kao barijere. Cilj ove studije bio je da se prikaže patohistološki izgled koštane regeneracije i značaj resorptivne demineralizovane membrane humanog porekla (RHDM), debljine 200 mikrona, u regeneraciji kosti kod mandibularnih defekata u eksperimentu rađenom na psima. Metode. Eksperiment je vršen na šest pasa kojima je sa desne strane donje vilice, po podizanju mukoperiostalnog režnja, pravljen koštani defekt. U jedan defekt stavljana je humana deproteinizovana kost (HDK), a između nje i mekotkivnog dela stavljana je RHDM debljine 200 mikrona. U drugi defekt, koji je služio kao kontrola, stavljena je samo HDK, bez RHDM. Dva psa žrtvovana su dva meseca nakon hirurške intervencije, dva posle četiri meseca, a preostala dva šest meseci nakon hirurške intervencije. Nakon žrtvovanja uzimani su isečci za patohistološku analizu. Rezultati. Kod svih šest pasa kod kojih je u koštani defekt ugrađena HDK i RHDM stepen koštane regeneracije bio je daleko veći u odnosu na kontrolne defekte bez RHDM. Zaključak. Membrana, kao pokrivač koštanog defekta, podesna je i poboljšava koštanu regeneraciju. Koštani defekti prekriveni RHDM pokazali su značajno bolje koštano zarastanje, mada koštana regeneracija nije bila potpuna ni šest meseci nakon njene ugradnje