BIBLIOMETRIJSKA ANALIZA UMJETNE INTELIGENCIJE U POSLOVNOJ EKONOMIJI

Invention of artificial intelligence (AI) is certainly one of the most promising technological advancements in modern economy. General AI reaching singularity makes one imagine its disruptive influence. Once invented it is supposed to surpass all human cognitive capabilities. Nevertheless, narrow AI has already been widely applied encompassing many technologies. This paper aims to explore the research area of artificial intelligence with the emphasis on the business economics field. Data has been derived from the records extracted from the Web of Science which is one of the most relevant databases of scientific publications. Total number of extracted records published in the period from 1963-2019 was 1369. Results provide systemic overview of the most influential authors, seminal papers and the most important sources for AI publication. Additionally, using MCA (multiple correspondence analysis) results display the intellectual map of the research field.Otkriće umjetne inteligencije zasigurno predstavlja jednu od najvažniji tehnoloških inovacija moderne ekonomije. Opća umjetna inteligencija koja može dosegnuti singularitet ima potencijal kreirati novu tehnološku arenu. Jednom otkrivena smatra se da će nadmašiti sve ljudske kognitivne sposobnosti. Nadalje, specifična umjetna inteligencija već je otkrivena i primijenjena u brojnim sustavima. Ovaj rad nastoji istražiti područje umjetne inteligencije s naglaskom primjene u ekonomiji. Podaci su derivirani na osnovi zapisa Web of Science baze jednog od najrelevantnijih izvora znanstvenih radova. Ukupan broj ekstrahiranih zapisa u periodu 1963-2019 bio je 1369. Rezultati čine sustavan pregled najutjecajnijih autora, radova te izvora publikacija. Dodatno, koristeći MCA kreirana je intelektualna mapa istraživačkog područja

SHORT-TERM IMPORT DEMAND ELASTICITIES: THE CASE OF HUNGARY

This paper attempts to explore the short-term dynamics of price and income import demand elasticities in the case of Hungary. Research data encompass the time period from 1996Q1 to 2018Q3. Using a relatively novel approach of T.V.P. (time-varying parameters) this paper gives further insight into the short-term dynamics of Hungarian imports. Income import demand elasticity was found to be significant and mostly positive while price effect was time-dependent and bidirectional rendering itself non-significant in the final state. Furthermore, Hungary’s accession to European Union was not significantly influencing import demand patterns with other European Union members. These findings add new information to the body of knowledge regarding import trade elasticities of transition countries

ENDOGENOUS SHOCKS IN CROATIAN UNEMPLOYMENT

Using the quantile regression approach this paper explores the nature of endogenous shocks in unemployment of Croatia during the period 2000Q1-2018Q4. Standard unit root tests give inconclusive results. Recent literature highlights the bias of unit root tests toward the null hypothesis. Considering the nonlinear nature of time series which may influence the standard unit root tests this paper uses a quantile auto-regression approach. Results confirm unemployment hysteresis in Croatia. Furthermore, there is an asymmetric behavior of endogenous shocks. Outcomes have important implications for policy, growth and development of the Croatian economy

Komparativna analiza inovacijskog učinka zemalja Europske unije Enterprise

This paper aims to examine the innovation performance of 28 European Union countries. Hypothesis of the paper states there is a significant difference of innovation performance between the old and the new EU members. Furthermore, the role of SMEs regarding innovation capacity may not be the same across EU. Using K-means clustering results indicated Germany, Ireland, France, Luxemburg and Austria as the most innovative countries and Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia as the least innovative countries. Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom and Spain were found to have a medium level of innovation performance. Furthermore, United Kingdom surpassed the average innovation level of the cluster for the small sized enterprises. Croatia was below the average level of the cluster regardless of the size of the enterprise. Romania was the outlier with the least innovation. In order to facilitate more innovation these findings may be valuable in creating more country specific recommendations for entrepreneurial policy.Cilj ovog rada je ispitati inovacijske učinke 28 zemalja Europske unije. Hipoteza rada navodi da postoji značajna razlika u inovacijskoj izvedbi između starih i novih članica EU. Nadalje, uloga MSP-a u pogledu inovacijskih kapaciteta možda nije na istoj razini u cijeloj EU. Korištenje rezultata klasteriranja K-sredinama označilo je Njemačku, Irsku, Francusku, Luksemburg i Austriju kao najinovativnije zemlje, a Bugarsku, Estoniju, Latviju, Mađarsku, Poljsku i Slovačku kao najmanje inovativne zemlje. Utvrđeno je da Češka, Hrvatska, Cipar, Danska, Finska, Grčka, Italija, Litva, Malta, Nizozemska, Portugal, Slovenija, Švedska, Velika Britanija i Španjolska imaju srednju razinu inovacijske izvedbe. Nadalje, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo premašilo je prosječnu razinu inovativnosti klastera za mala poduzeća. Hrvatska je bila ispod prosječne razine klastera bez obzira na veličinu poduzeća. Rumunjska je odstupala s najmanje inovacija. Kako bi se olakšalo više inovacija, ovi nalazi mogu biti korisni u stvaranju više preporuka za poduzetničku politiku specifičnih za pojedinu zemlju

NONLINEAR ADJUSTMENTS IN THE EXPORT-LED GROWTH HYPOTHESIS: RE-EXAMINING THE HUNGARIAN CASE

This paper aims to examine the non-linear adjustments between exports and gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary. In order to test the export-led growth hypothesis in the Hungarian economy this research analyses data from 1996Q1-2016Q4. Applying relatively novel approach to export-led growth hypothesis likely nonlinear asymmetric effect of exports and GDP toward their long-run equilibrium is tested. The results disclose a threshold cointegrating connection between the selected variables providing more insights into export led growth hypothesis. Unlike previous studies, research results reveal unidirectional and bidirectional causality in the long-run Hungarian exports-growth nexus which depends on the regime process with significantly different error correction adjustments in normal and stress regimes. Exports is found to be an engine of economic growth in Hungary for entire period but in times of stress when domestic demand contracts the role of exports in economic growth becomes more prominent and takes the basic form of export led growth hypothesis. Empirical results in this paper clearly points that threshold cointegration approach offers deeper insights than the linear error-correction model and might be the proper model specification to examine export led growth hypothesis

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN CROATIA

This paper explains the reasons for loyalty programs emergence in retail and their significance to retailers and buyers, as well as the components they consist of. Subsequently, customers’ attitudes on these loyalty programs components on the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) market in Croatia have been analyzed. Aim of the study was to explore the antecedents of loyal customers and therefore only those espondents who participated in at least one loyalty programs were used for testing the research question of the paper. The results of the conducted research undoubtedly show that, customers appreciate the simplicity in loyalty programs and ask for their transparency. They want to be able to choose rewards within loyalty programs and prefer delayed, but more valuable rewards. It has also been confirmed that customers want to win points in innovative ways. The research results, in view of buyers’ priorities and the factors deemed crucial for the success of such programs on Croatian retail market, can be of use to retailers who wish to improve their loyalty programs. It is clearly evident from the research results on Croatian market what customers consider as important and what they want from a loyalty program

Novel mutations in the toll like receptor genes cause hyporesponsiveness to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection

Toll like receptors play a central role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Mutations in TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 genes may change the PAMP reorganization ability which causes altered responsiveness to the bacterial pathogens. A case control study, performed to assess the association between TLR gene mutations and susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), revealed novel mutations (TLR1 - Ser150Gly and Val220Met; TLR2 - Phe670Leu) that hindered either PAMP recognition or further downstream TLR pathway activation. A cytokine expression experiments (IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ) in the challenged mutant and wild type moDCs (mocyte derived dendritic cells) confirmed the negative impact of these mutations and altered TLR downstream activation. Further In silico analysis of the TLR1 and TLR4 ectodomains (ECD) revealed the polymorphic nature of the central ECD and irregularities in the central LRR motifs. The most critical positions that may alter the pathogen recognition ability of TLR were: the 9th amino acid position in LRR motif (TLR1, LRR10) and 4th residue downstream to LRR domain (exta LRR region of TLR4). The study describes novel mutations in the TLRs and presents their association with the MAP infection

Current usage of Component based Principles for Developing Web Applications with Frameworks: A Literature Review

Component based software development has become a very popular paradigm in many software engineering branches. In the early phase of Web 2.0 appearance, it was also popular for web application development. From the analyzed papers, between this period and today, use of component based techniques for web application development was somewhat slowed down, however, the recent development indicates a comeback. Most of all it is apparent with W3C’s component web working group. In this article we want to investigate the current state of web application development with component approach. Most of all we are interested in which way components are used, which web development frameworks are being used, for which domains is component based web development most popular and successful, etc. How many current web development frameworks explicitly refer to component-based approach? To answer this question, we performed a literature review