Dezentrale Energieversorgung: Dezentrale Energieversorgung für die Landwirtschaft und den ländlichen Raum

Die Energiewende ist in aller Munde. Doch zu einfach ist der Gedanke es gehe nur um Wind, Photovoltaik und Biogas. Im Landwirtschaftsbetrieb müssen alle Energieerzeuger und –verbraucher intelligent miteinander gekoppelt und verwoben werden. Bestenfalls kann Energie – in welcher Form auch immer – an den ländlichen Raum abgegeben werden. Die vorliegende Schriftenreihe stellt reale Betriebseispiele für die Landwirtschaft vor. Interessierte Landwirte können hier Anregungen zur fossilfreien energetischen Umgestaltung ihres Betriebes finden. Redaktionsschluss: 30.09.202

System und Verfahren zum Betreiben von Festoxidbrennstoffzellen

The invention relates to a system and to a method for operating solid oxide fuel cells. The aim of the invention is to specify possibilities for a variable operation of solid oxide fuel cells, by means of which the respective current demand for electrical power and/or usable waste heat can be taken into account with simple means and low additional overheads. In the system according to the invention, fuel and/or reformate is supplied to a stack of solid oxide fuel cells on the anode side via a reformer. The reformer can be heated by means of hot exhaust gas from the solid oxide fuel cells. Moreover, at least one heat exchanger is present in the exhaust gas line for external use of the waste heat of the solid oxide fuel cells. In addition to the supplied fuel, an oxidant, preferably air, is supplied in a regulated form via a line to the reformer

Modeling of a Grid-Independent Set-Up of a PV/SOFC Micro-CHP System Combined with a Seasonal Energy Storage for Residential Applications

Renewable energy sources based on solar and wind energy provide clean and efficient energy. The intermittent behaviour of these sources is challenging. At the same time, the needs for efficient, continuous and clean energy sources are increased for serving both electricity and thermal demands for residential buildings. Consequently, complimentary systems are essential in order to ensure a continuous power generation. One of the promising energy sources that helps in reducing CO2 emissions, in addition to providing electrical and thermal energy efficiently, is a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system operated in a combined heat and power (CHP) mode, due to high electrical efficiencies (in full and part load) and the fuel flexibility. Currently, most studies tend to focus on fuel cell model details with basic information about the building’s energy requirements. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of integrating fuel cell micro-CHP systems with renewable energy systems for the residential sector is required. Moreover, it is important to define an operating strategy for the system with a specific controlling method. This helps in evaluating the performance and the efficiency of the building energy system. In this study, an investigation of different configurations of a hybrid power system (HPS) was carried out. The intended aim of this investigation was to optimize a HPS with minimal CO2 emissions, serving the energy demands for a single-family house efficiently and continuously. As a result of this study, a photovoltaic (PV)/SOFC micro-CHP system has satisfied the intended goal, where the CO2 emissions are significantly reduced by 88.6% compared to conventional systems. The SOFC micro-CHP plant operated as a complimentary back-up generator that serves the energy demands during the absence of the solar energy. Integrating the Power to Gas (PtG) technology leads to a similar emission reduction, while the PtG plant provided a seasonal energy storage. The excess energy produced during summer by the PV system is stored in the fuel storage for a later use (during winter). This SOFC micro-CHP configuration is recommended from an energy and environmental perspective. In terms of feasibility, the costs of SOFC based micro-CHP systems are significantly higher than traditional technologies. However, further technology developments and the effect of economy of scale may cause a substantial drop in costs and the micro-CHP shall become economically competitive and available for residential users; thus, enabling a self-sufficient and efficient energy production on site

Development and Environmental Assessment of a Phase Change Material Based Thermal Management System for Na/NiCl₂ Batteries

The sodium/nickel chloride battery (Na/NiCl2) is considered an eco-friendly, long-term stable and safe alternative to other secondary battery technologies. The overall system efficiency of this high-temperature battery can be increased by optimizing the thermal management system. This paper addresses the integration of a phase change material (PCM) into the battery modules and evaluates the thermal performance and environmental impact of such a design. The module layout with PCM and heat transfer elements (HTEs) was selected based on 2D FEM simulation results and verified in a prototype Na/NiCl2 module. It was shown that the module temperatures could be kept within the operating limits during operation by the HTEs and the PCM even at high current rates. Since no critical temperature limits were reached, the usable battery capacity was higher compared to results of a reference module without PCM or HTEs. In addition, the PCM prolonged the cooling down process after discharge. In parallel with the experimental studies, the environmental performance of the battery was evaluated using a life cycle assessment (LCA). Amongst other things, it was found that the application of PCM is also beneficial from an ecological point of view

Dezentrale Energieversorgung: Dezentrale Energieversorgung für die Landwirtschaft und den ländlichen Raum

Die Energiewende ist in aller Munde. Doch zu einfach ist der Gedanke es gehe nur um Wind, Photovoltaik und Biogas. Im Landwirtschaftsbetrieb müssen alle Energieerzeuger und –verbraucher intelligent miteinander gekoppelt und verwoben werden. Bestenfalls kann Energie – in welcher Form auch immer – an den ländlichen Raum abgegeben werden. Die vorliegende Schriftenreihe stellt reale Betriebseispiele für die Landwirtschaft vor. Interessierte Landwirte können hier Anregungen zur fossilfreien energetischen Umgestaltung ihres Betriebes finden. Redaktionsschluss: 30.09.202

Dezentrale Energieversorgung: Dezentrale Energieversorgung für die Landwirtschaft und den ländlichen Raum

Die Energiewende ist in aller Munde. Doch zu einfach ist der Gedanke es gehe nur um Wind, Photovoltaik und Biogas. Im Landwirtschaftsbetrieb müssen alle Energieerzeuger und –verbraucher intelligent miteinander gekoppelt und verwoben werden. Bestenfalls kann Energie – in welcher Form auch immer – an den ländlichen Raum abgegeben werden. Die vorliegende Schriftenreihe stellt reale Betriebseispiele für die Landwirtschaft vor. Interessierte Landwirte können hier Anregungen zur fossilfreien energetischen Umgestaltung ihres Betriebes finden. Redaktionsschluss: 30.09.202