Marital Satisfaction and Related Factors among Married Women

background: Marital satisfaction is one of the factors affecting life which influences the permanence and durability of the married life. This study aimed at assessing marital satisfaction and some of its associated factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 500 married women who referred to health care centers and obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2017 were evaluated using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean score of marital satisfaction was 118.33±22.06. Based on the marital satisfaction score, 6 (1.2%) of the participants had low marital satisfaction; 132 (26.4%) had moderate marital satisfaction; 281 (56.2%) had a high marital satisfaction and 81 (16.2%) had very high marital satisfaction. Significant relationships were observed between marital satisfaction and age (P=0.005), length of marriage (P=0.001), age of spouse (P =0.003), number of children (P=0.003), age at the first marriage (0.024), woman’s education and husband's education (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), pregnancy experience (P=0.001) and childbirth experience (P=0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between marital satisfaction and job, husband's job and place of residence (P≥0.005). Conclusions: Since marital satisfaction was found to be associated with age, education, age of the spouse, length of marriage, number of children, income, pregnancy experience and childbirth experience, establishment of sexual counseling clinics in health care centers and providing premarital counseling and counseling on sexual issues for the couples can help them improve their marital satisfaction

Marital Satisfaction and Related Factors among Married Women

background: Marital satisfaction is one of the factors affecting life which influences the permanence and durability of the married life. This study aimed at assessing marital satisfaction and some of its associated factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 500 married women who referred to health care centers and obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2017 were evaluated using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean score of marital satisfaction was 118.33±22.06. Based on the marital satisfaction score, 6 (1.2%) of the participants had low marital satisfaction; 132 (26.4%) had moderate marital satisfaction; 281 (56.2%) had a high marital satisfaction and 81 (16.2%) had very high marital satisfaction. Significant relationships were observed between marital satisfaction and age (P=0.005), length of marriage (P=0.001), age of spouse (P =0.003), number of children (P=0.003), age at the first marriage (0.024), woman’s education and husband's education (P=0.001), income (P=0.001), pregnancy experience (P=0.001) and childbirth experience (P=0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between marital satisfaction and job, husband's job and place of residence (P≥0.005). Conclusions: Since marital satisfaction was found to be associated with age, education, age of the spouse, length of marriage, number of children, income, pregnancy experience and childbirth experience, establishment of sexual counseling clinics in health care centers and providing premarital counseling and counseling on sexual issues for the couples can help them improve their marital satisfaction

Healing effects of Ziziphus jujuba hydroalcoholic extract with exercise training on histopathological changes of male wistar rats testicular tissue in response to Boldenone steroid administration

Background and objectives: Anabolic steroids are routinely consumed by athletes. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of Boldenone (BOL) on testicular tissue and the healing effect of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) hydroalcoholic extract in addition to physical exercise. Methods: In the present case–control study, 42 male wistar rats were purchased and divided into 3 experimental groups. 28 rats were subjected to BOL injection and subsequently divided into 4 groups. The control group, Sham and 8-week BOL group which was also divided into 4 subsequent groups of controlling BOL complications after 8 weeks, untreated control, jujube extract and jujube extract along with physical exercise. Results: In the present study we found that jujube extract exerted healing effects on all groups pf treated rats in addition to the exercise training groups. Conclusion: Jujube extract along with physical exercise may exert healing effects on testicular tissue after administration of anabolic BOL steroid

Effects of biologically produced gold nanoparticles: toxicity assessment in different rat organs after intraperitoneal injection

Abstract Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have different usage in the medical field. The plan of the present research was to evaluate the influence of the biologically produced GNPs on some rat organs. GNPs were produced using Fusarium oxysporum and their presence was confirmed using spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The non-toxic and toxic doses of GNPs were determined using MTT assay and were injected intraperitoneally into rats in 3 continuous days and their effects on the kidney, liver and testis were analyzed using microscopic technique. Results revealed that GNPs that were produced had 525 nm absorbance peak and average sizes of about 50 nm, with round and hexagonal shapes. Results from the XRD analysis showed the presence of GNPs in the reaction mixture. MTT assay results revealed that GNPs had somehow toxic effects which depend on their doses. Histological examinations indicated that based on the tested organ, the distribution and effects of GNPs were different which in the testis, the non-toxic dose had no effects and in some parts of the liver and kidney, it induced mild changes. The toxic dose of the GNPs in all the three tested organs induced mild changes. In conclusion, the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of the produced GNPs were different and GNPs even in high concentration induced low changes in the rat organs. This may be due to the short exposure and the use of the biologically produced GNPs

Comparison between the Nature and Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Active and Inactive Fungal Biomass Forms on Cervical Cancer Cells

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) can be produced by active and inactive forms of biomass, but their properties have not been compared. Recent research is attempting to reveal their differences in shape, size, amount, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction. The biomass of Fusarium oxysporum was divided into four groups and pretreated in the following devices: room temperature (RT) and refrigerator (for preparation of active biomass forms), autoclave, and hot air oven (for preparation of inactive biomass forms). Samples were floated in ddH2O, and SNPs were produced after the addition of 0.1699 g/L AgNO3 in the ddH2O solution. SNP production was confirmed by visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SNPs were washed, and their concentration was determined by measuring atomic emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). For antibacterial activity, the plate-well diffusion method was used. MTT and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assays were used for cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, respectively. The maximum absorbance peaks for SNPs pretreated in RT, refrigerator, autoclave, and hot air oven were 404, 402, 412, and 412 nm, respectively. The SNPs produced were almost the same shape and size, and the XRD results confirmed the presence of SNPs in all samples. Due to the differences in the type of bacterial strains used, the SNPs produced showed some differences in their antibacterial activity. The MTT assay showed that the amounts of SNPs in their IC50 dose based on the results of ICP-OES were 0.40, 0.45, 0.66, and 0.44 ppm for the samples pretreated in the hot air oven, autoclave, and refrigerator, and RT, respectively. The apoptosis induction results showed that the biologically engineered SNPs induced more apoptosis (about 34.25%) and less necrosis (about 13.25%). In conclusion, the type and activity of SNPs produced by the active and inactive forms of fungal biomass did not change. Therefore, use of the inactive form of biomass in the future to avoid environmental contamination is reccommended

Self-rated health and its determinants in patients with hypertension in Isfahan in 2019

Abstract Background and objectives Self-rated health (SRH) serves as an assessment of contentment regarding one’s social, mental, and physical well-being and has been linked to both cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Nonetheless, the relationship between SRH and medical outcomes in individuals with hypertension unsettled. This research endeavors to pinpoint the determinants that affect SRH in Iranian patients with hypertension. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study took place in Isfahan, Iran, from November 2018 to August 2019 and involved 886 patients with essential HTN. The data collection methods included a checklist for demographic information and risk factors, blood pressure measurements (systolic and diastolic), the Persian version of the 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence scale, and a self-rated health questionnaire recommended by the World Health Organization. Independent sample T-test and chi squared test were used for comparison of variables between two groups of SRH. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing self-rated health status. Results Among 886 participants (mean age 57.8 ± 8.8 years, 71.9% women), 89.62% reported good SRH. Comorbid conditions were significantly associated with poorer SRH (p < 0.05). Notably, higher education (odd ratio (OR) = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–3.11, p = 0.015) and increased income (OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.43–13.18, p = 0.010) were identified as positive determinants of good SRH. Conclusion We concluded that socioeconomic factors (education and income) and comorbid conditions (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary diseases) are risk factors for poor SRH among hypertensive patients. These findings could help planning of health enhancement initiative

Prevalence of diabetes in women with preeclampsia referred to Imam Hossein and Fatemieh Hospitals in Shahroud

Introduction and objective: Preeclampsia, characterised by hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 gestational weeks, is a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality . The pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains elusive, and &nbsp;the incidence of diabetes during pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia is still a mather of study. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in women with preeclampsia referred to Imam Hossein and Fatemieh hospitals in Shahroud. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 women with preeclampsia (based on clinical symptoms, gynecological tests, and diagnoses) referred to Fatemieh and Imam Hossein hospitals in Shahroud for delivery or termination of pregnancy in 2014. A questionnaire, which included demographic information such as age, number of pregnancies, birth rank, pregnancy conditions, type of delivery, history of hypertension and diabetes in the patient and their first-degree relatives, was used in this study. Data were expressed as percentage, frequency, standard deviation, mean, and were analyzed by Student's t test and chi-square, using SPSS software. A value of p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: The incidence of preeclampsia was associated with maternal diabetes (p&le;0.05), maternal age (p&le;0.04), birth rank (p&le;0.04), multiple pregnancies (p&le;0.03), history of maternal diabetes, history of maternal hypertension (p&le;0.03), history of preeclampsia at previous delivery (p&lt;0.02) and age of termination of pregnancy (p&le;0.01). There was no significant difference with regard to other variables. Conclusion: The results revealed that about 25% of preeclampsia patients had gestational diabetes, which increased the risk in pregnant women and neonates. Therefore, by preventing and controlling blood pressure and diabetes, we can reduce the maternal and fetal complications of these disorders, and thus, reduce the rate of mortality

Tectonic transition from Ediacaran continental arc to early Cambrian rift in the NE Ardakan region, central Iran: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of magmatic rocks

Ediacaran-early Cambrian magmatic rocks from the Ardakan region of central Iran include deformed granites from deformed granitic plutons and dolerites from doleritic sills. The granites contain zircon grains with U-Pb ages of 552–550 Ma, and dolerites have a zircon U-Pb age of 528 Ma. These granites are high K calc-alkaline in nature and have variable concentrations of SiO2 (69.1–76.3 wt%), Na2O (2.06–4.82 wt%), K2O (3.08–4.79 wt%) and MgO (0.57–2.02 wt%). They represent I-type granite and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, with negative primitive mantle-normalized Nb, Ti and Eu anomalies. 87Sr/86Sr(i) and εNd(t) in the granites vary from 0.7075 to 0.7120 and from −3.0 to +7.3, respectively. Dolerites are alkaline, with low contents of SiO2 (45.7–48.6 wt%), Cr and Ni (13.6–313 and 15.7–146 ppm, respectively) and overall high contents of TiO2 (2.0–4.6 wt%). TiO2 contents define high-Ti and low-Ti dolerite types, which show similar high field strength and rare earth element abundances. The high-Ti dolerites may be evolved equivalents of the low-Ti type. The 87Sr/86Sr(i) and εNd(t) values of both types are highly variable (0.7029 to 0.7077 and −6.1 to +7.7, respectively). The data indicate melting of an asthenospheric mantle source, with additional fractionation, and mixing with crustal melts to produce the evolved dolerites. Geochemical data from granites in NE Ardakan are consistent with late Ediacaran arc magmatism ∼550 Ma. The ∼528 Ma OIB-like dolerites may indicate continental extension at this time