Overview of the Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Children Vaccinations: A Systematic Review

Background: It is the parents' responsibility to vaccinate their children. As a result, parents' attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about vaccination are critical because they influence their activities toward timely and full immunization.  Objectives: This systematic review comprehensively investigated the recently published literature on parents’ knowledge regarding children’s vaccination.  Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to include the relevant literature. Rayyan QRCI was used throughout this systematic approach. Results & interpretation: This review included twenty-four studies with a total of 13082 parents, and 70.9% were mothers. Knowledge level about children’s vaccination among parents was significantly related to their fathers' age, education level, women's employment status, and family type. Younger mothers were found to have a higher level of expertise. Good knowledge levels and positive attitudes towards the seasonal influenza vaccine were reported. Good knowledge with caution was reported among parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination: All of them reported low vaccination rates and willingness to vaccinate their children. The findings of our study highlight the significance of parental understanding of vaccinations and immunization. Health officials should make additional efforts to promote the benefits of vaccination while emphasizing the risks of non- or late pediatric immunization

Impact of Smoking Exposure on Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcome Among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the impact of smoking exposure on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Saudi women. Methods: This research will employ a cross-sectional study design to assess the impact of smoking exposure on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes among Saudi women. Cross-sectional studies are particularly suitable for examining associations and prevalence within a defined population at a specific point in time. In this case, the study aims to collect data on smoking behavior, pregnancy history, and perinatal outcomes among a representative sample of Saudi women in healthcare facilities across different regions of the country. The cross-sectional design allows for the efficient collection of data from a diverse population, providing insights into the relationship between smoking and perinatal outcomes without the need for long-term follow-up. Results: The study included 450 participants. The most frequent age among them was 35 and more years (n= 309, 68.7%) followed by 30-34 (n= 94, 20.9%). The most frequent educational level among study participants was the university (n= 408, 90.7%) followed by the school (n= 39, 8.7%). The most frequent job among study participants was a Governmental job (n= 159, 35.3%) followed by a housewife (n= 135, 30%). Number of previous births among study participants with most of them having a previous birth (n= 396, 88%) followed by this is the first birth (n= 54, 12%). Number of previous pregnancies among study participants with most of them having a previous pregnancy (n= 408, 90.7%) followed by this is the first pregnancy (n= 42, 9.3%). Number of abortions among study participants with most of them nothing (n= 234, 52%) followed by there is (n= 216, 48%). Participants were asked about smoking. The most frequent were don’t smoke (n= 315, 70%) followed by smoking (n= 135, 30%). The most frequent exposure to smoking among them was yes (n= 333, 74%) followed by no (n= 117, 26%). Conclusion: Study results showed that most of the study participants are the university according to their educational level. Most frequencies of participants had a previous birth. Most of them don’t smoke in another hand most of them were exposed to smoking. In addition, most of the study participants had good social connection

Association Of BCR-ABL Alternative Splice Variants with Disease Progression, Treatment Response and Survival in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Firstline imatinib Monotherapy

Background: Alternative RNA splicing has diverse biological effects in heath as well as disease. It also contributes to cancer onset and progression. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) results due to BCR-ABL fusion oncogene that is created due to chromosomal translocation t [9; 22] [q34; q11]). BCR-ABL is target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). BCR-ABL through alternative splicing can generate b2a2, b3a2 and some other rare splicing variants. BCR-ABL variants may vary in their response to TKI treatment and disease progression potential, which is a major factor contributing to dismal treatment outcome in CML. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate correlation of BCR-ABL splice variants with TKI treatment outcome and survival in three phases of CML that has rarely been studied previously.Methods: BCR-ABL splice variants were studied using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). in 70 CML patients from three phases of CML who were receiving imatinib (TKI) treatment.Results: Frequencies of different BCR/ABL splice variants like b3a2, b2a2 and b3a2+b2a2 were 49 (70%), 15 (21.4%) and 6 (8.6%), respectively. Splice variant b2a2 were more common (53.3%) in chronic phase CML (CP-CML) while b3a2 had higher frequency in advanced phases of CML (44.9%). CML patients with b2a2 transcript had better complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response to TKI treatment overall (100% vs. 24.5%) as well as in CP-CML (100% vs. 85.7%) and superior survival when compared to patients with b3a2 splice variant. All patients who died had male gender, less than 33 years age, b3a2 transcript, advanced phases of CML and imatinib resistance.Conclusions: Splice variant b3a2 was associated with CML progression, poorer survival and inferior treatment outcome as compared to b2a2. Further investigations on BCR-ABL splice variants and their roles in CML pathogenesis can provide deeper insights into CML biology and new targets for BCR-ABL positive leukemia treatment.          Keywords: CML; BCR-ABL splice variants; Progression; Survival; Treatment outcome 

Inorganic Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydrates First-Row Transition Metal Salts Revisited

Inorganic thermogravimetric analysis of 26 hydrates of first-row transition metal chlorides, sulfates and nitrates were carried out using a Shimadzu TGA-50. Thermograms and differential thermograms were recorded at temperatures between 20 and 1000 Celsius. Intermediates and products were identified and reported. Much of the work carried out in this study is a revisit of a work carried out before the 1960\u27s. Eleven salts with unknown number of water molecules of hydration were also studied

Pharmacists’ Perceptions on Safety Alerts of the Drug Utilization Review (DUR) in Electronic Health Records in a Tertiary Healthcare Hospital

Electronic Drug Alarms and Drug Utilization Reviews (DURs) are crucial in improving patient safety by reducing the dispensing of contraindicated medications and minimizing adverse drug events. The DUR system often generates low-level alerts, making it challenging for pharmacists and doctors to discern more critical alerts. This can result in alert fatigue, causing burnout and jeopardizing patient safety. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital to explore pharmacists’ perspectives and experience with the DUR system. This study aimed to identify their responses to alerts indicating a need to change the original prescription and the difficulties encountered. Out of all the participants, 85% had prior experience with DUR alerts. However, 40% of them expressed dissatisfaction with the alerts. Moreover, 88% of the participants received highly frequent DUR alerts, but only 40% believed that DUR alerts could identify rare adverse drug reactions. Additionally, only 27% of the participants altered their prescriptions based on alerts for the MAOI/serotonin modulator. The survey showed that 66% of participants believe improvements are necessary for the DUR system. Specifically, 77% of participants felt that more information is needed on overlapping prescriptions, 82% on patients with chronic diseases, and 82% on potential reactions caused by co-administration. At the same time, 75% raised concern about the need for backup for any server breakdown. Positive perceptions about DUR lead to changing the prescription in response to an alert. Therefore, improving the DUR system is crucial to prevent pharmacists from missing important alerts and to increase their awareness of clinically significant alarm signals. By doing so, we can optimize patient safety and contribute to providing high-quality healthcare services

Waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic derived Zn-MOF for high performance supercapacitor application

A simple chemical approach was used to prepare Zn-MOF or MOF-5 derived from polyethylene terephthalate bottles for supercapacitor applications. The morphology, and structure of PET-derived MOFs were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and BET surface area and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The BET surface area of MOF-5 was determined to be 88 m2g−1 and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, showed the type-IV isotherms and suggest the existence of capillary condensation within the meso- and micropore structures. An excellent specific capacitance ranging from 341 to 191 F g−1 recorded form the scan rate of 2–200 mV s−1 by CV for Zn-MOF. Moreover, the highest specific capacitance 353 F g−1 calculated at 0.5 A/g current density. The highest value of specific capacitance Cs 353 F g−1 was found for lowest current density of 0.5 A/g. An excellent cyclic stability was obtained after running 2000 cyclic runs at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. The small semicircle of EIS plot exhibits superior electrochemical performance of the Zn-MOF. The waste PET plastic derived Zn-MOF showed an excellent supercapacitor performance which can be utilized in energy storage applications. This approach not only facilitates environmental remediation but also offers a valuable organic linker for energy material synthesis

A cross-sectional study factors associated with resilience among medical staff in radiology departments during COVID-19, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objectives This study aims to assess the level of resilience of medical workers in radiology departments in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore associated factors.Setting Medical staff, including nurses, technicians, radiology specialists and physicians, working in radiology departments at government hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak.Design A cross-sectional study.Participants The study was conducted among 375 medical workers in radiology departments in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data collection took place from 15 February 2022 to 31 March 2022.Results The total resilience score was 29.37±6.760 and the scores of each dimension showed that the higher mean score was observed in the domain of ‘flexibility’, while the lowest was observed in ‘maintaining attention under stress’. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between resilience and perceived stress (r=–0.498, p<0.001). Finally, based on multiple linear regression analysis, factors affecting resilience among participants are the availability of psychological hotline (available, B=2.604, p<0.050), knowledge of COVID-19 protective measures (part of understanding, B=−5.283, p<0.001), availability of adequate protective materials (partial shortage, B=−2.237, p<0.050), stress (B=−0.837, p<0.001) and education (postgraduate, B=−1.812, p<0.050).Conclusions This study sheds light on the level of resilience and the factors that contribute to resilience in radiology medical staff. Moderate levels of resilience call for health administrators to focus on developing strategies that can effectively help cope with workplace adversities

Involvement of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Hypomethylation in Transgenerational Nephrotoxicity Induced in Rats by the Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, is one of the most common pollutants in natural foods and agricultural crops. It can cause chronic and severe health issues in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transgenerational effects of FB1 exposure on the structure and function of the kidneys in offspring. Virgin female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: group one (control) received sterile water, and groups two and three were intragastrically administered low (20 mg/kg) and high (50 mg/kg) doses of FB1, respectively, from day 6 of pregnancy until delivery. Our results showed that exposure to either dose of FB1 caused histopathological changes, such as atrophy, hypercellularity, hemorrhage, calcification, and a decrease in the glomerular diameter, in both the first and second generations. The levels of the antioxidant markers glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde levels increased. Moreover, autophagy was induced, as immunofluorescence analysis revealed that LC-3 protein expression was significantly increased in both generations after exposure to either dose of FB1. However, a significant decrease in methyltransferase (DNMT3) protein expression was observed in the first generation in both treatment groups (20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), indicating a decrease in DNA methylation as a result of early-life exposure to FB1. Interestingly, global hypomethylation was also observed in the second generation in both treatment groups despite the fact that the mothers of these rats were not exposed to FB1. Thus, early-life exposure to FB1 induced nephrotoxicity in offspring of the first and second generations. The mechanisms of action underlying this transgenerational effect may include oxidative stress, autophagy, and DNA hypomethylation

Innovations in non-invasive cardiovascular diagnostics: The interplay of nursing, pharmacy, health records, and emergency care in cardiology

Background _ Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in the United States and globally. Despite technological advancements that have improved life expectancy and quality of life, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise, often associated with aging populations experiencing multiple chronic conditions. Current clinical guidelines often neglect the complexity of multimorbidity and the intricacies of healthcare systems, making their practical implementation challenging. Moreover, care plans frequently fail to consider individual preferences, cultures, and lifestyles that shape a person's social and environmental context, hindering acceptance and effectiveness, particularly among high-risk populations. Aim of Work – The objective of this scientific statement is to provide a comprehensive overview of person-centered care delivery models for specific cardiovascular disorders, emphasizing the features and documented outcomes of these approaches. Methods – A scoping study was conducted using a systematic search of databases including Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov, covering the period from 2010 to 2017. Various research designs were included that specifically assessed care delivery methods for targeted cardiovascular diseases.&nbsp