Qualitative And Quantitative Evaluation Of Human Dental Enamel After Bracket Debonding: A Noncontact Three-dimensional Optical Profilometry Analysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to undertake a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of changes on enamel surfaces after debonding of brackets followed by finishing procedures, using a high-resolution three-dimensional optical profiler and to investigate the accuracy of the technique. Materials and methods: The labial surfaces of 36 extracted upper central incisors were examined. Before bonding, the enamel surfaces were subjected to profilometry, recording four amplitude parameters. Brackets were then bonded using two types of light-cured orthodontic adhesive: composite resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Finishing was performed by three different methods: pumice on a rubber cup, fine and ultrafine aluminum oxide discs, and microfine diamond cups followed by silicon carbide brushes. The samples were subsequently re-analyzed by profilometry. Results: Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) and a posteriori Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0167) revealed a significant reduction of enamel roughness when diamond cups followed by silicon carbide brushes were used to finish surfaces that had remnants of resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive and when pumice was used to finish surfaces that had traces of composite resin. Enamel loss was minimal. Conclusions: The 3D optical profilometry technique was able to provide accurate qualitative and quantitative assessment of changes on the enamel surface after debonding. Clinical relevance: Morphological changes in the topography of dental surfaces, especially if related to enamel loss and roughness, are of considerable clinical importance. The quantitative evaluation method used herein enables a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of orthodontic bonding on teeth. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.11

The Influence Of Drugs And Systemic Factors On Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

[No abstract available]4127378; quiz 7

Comparative Cephalometric Study Between Nasal And Predominantly Mouth Breathers [estudo Cefalométrico Comparativo Entre Respiradores Nasais E Predominantemente Bucais]

Aim: to evaluate the possible correlation between the respiratory pattern in determining the craniofacial dimensions, using as baseline the Tweed-Merrifield's cephalometric analysis, added to angle SN-GoGn and to Y axis angle. Methodology: The selected sample to this study comprised 50 teleradiographies taken in lateral and natural positions of the head in young female patients at the age of 9 to 12 years, presenting mean age of 10 years and 5 months and Class 1 malocclusion. After diagnosis of respiratory pattern, the sample was divided into two groups: control group, 25 teleradiographies of nasal breathers in lateral and natural positions of the head; experimental group, 25 teleradiographies of predominantly mouth breathers in lateral and natural positions of the head. Results: The results were submitted to descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation), test F and "t" Student test with significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference between the group with nasal breathing and the group with predominantly mouth breathing for any of the studied variables.7217282Cooper, B.C., Nasorespiratory function and orofacial development (1989) Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 22 (2), pp. 413-441Queluz, D.P., Gimenez, C.M.M., A síndrome do respirador bucal (2000) Rev CROMG, 6 (1), pp. 4-9Andrade, L.P., Majolo, M.S., A influência da respiração bucal no crescimento facial (2000) Rev Goiana Ortod, 5, pp. 34-45Mocellin, M., Respirador bucal (1992) Ortodontia para Fonoaudiologia, pp. 131-134. , Petrelli E. São Paulo: LoviseHawkins, A.C., Mouth breathing and its relationship to malocclusion and facial abnormalities (1969) N M Dent J, 20 (1), pp. 18-21Linder-Aronson, S., Respiratory function in relation to facial morphology and the dentition (1979) Br J Orthod, 6 (2), pp. 59-71McNamara, J.A., Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth (1981) Angle Orthod, 51 (4), pp. 269-300Bresolin, D., Shapiro, P.A., Shapiro, G.G., Chapko, M.K., Dassel, S., Mouth breathing in allergic children: Its relationship to dentofacial development (1983) Am J Orthod, 83 (4), pp. 334-340Melsen, B., Attina, L., Santuari, M., Attina, A., Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion (1987) Angle Orthod, 57 (2), pp. 113-120Yamada, T., Tanne, K., Miyamoto, K., Yamauchi, K., Influences of nasal respiratory obstruction on craniofacial growth in young Macaca fuscata monkeys (1997) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 111 (1), pp. 38-43Fujiki, P.D.T., Rossato, C., Influência da hipertrofia adenoideana no crescimento e desenvolvimento craniodentofacial (1999) Ortodontia, 32 (1), pp. 70-79Sabatoski, C.V., (1999) Estudo Comparativo Das Dimensões Esqueléticas Verticais e Horizontais Entre Crianças Respiradoras Bucais e Nasais, pp. 96f. , [dissertação]. Curitiba: Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáMsp, B., (2000) Estudo Cefalométrico Vertical Comparativo Entre Crianças Com Respiração Bucal e Nasal Nos Diferentes Tipos Faciais, pp. 105f. , [dissertação]. Curitiba: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do ParanáMotonaga, S.M., Berti, L.C., Anselmolima, W.T., Respiração bucal: Causas e alterações no sistema estomatognático (2000) Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol, 66 (41), pp. 373-379Mls, S.N., Maruo, H., Vieira, S.R., Saga, A.Y., Estudo cefalométrico comparativo das dimensões craniofaciais entre crianças respiradoras nasais e bucais, com maloclusão Classe II divisão 1 (2004) J Brás Ortod Ortop Facial, 9 (49), pp. 41-47Lusvarghi, L., Identificando o respirador bucal (1999) Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent, 53 (4), pp. 265-274Klein, E., Obstrução nasal: Um obstáculo à vida (1987) Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol, 53 (4), pp. 106-110Quick, C.A., Gundlach, K.K., Adenoid facies (1978) Laryngoscope, 88 (2 PART 1), pp. 327-333Diamond, O., Tonsils and adenoids: Why the dilemma? (1980) Am J Orthod, 78 (5), pp. 495-503Subtelny, J.D., Oral respiration: Facial maldevelopment and corrective dentofacial orthopedics (1980) Angle Orthod, 50 (3), pp. 147-164Vig, P.S., Sarver, D.M., Hall, D.J., Warren, D.W., Quantitative evaluation of nasal airflow in relation to facial morphology (1981) Am J Orthod, 79 (3), pp. 263-272O'Ryan, F.S., Gallagher, D.M., LaBanc, J.P., Epker, B.N., The relation between nasorespiratory function and dentofacial morphology: A review (1982) Am J Orthod, 82 (5), pp. 403-410Santos-Pinto, A., Monnerat, M.E., Alterações nasofaringeana e crânio-faciais em pacientes com adenóide hipertrófica: Estudo cefalométrico (1986) RGO, 34 (4), pp. 349-354Klein, J.C., Nasal respiratory function and craniofacial growth (1986) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 112 (8), pp. 843-849Meredith, G.M., Airway and dentofacial development (1988) Folha Med, 97 (1), pp. 33-40Smith, R.M., Gonzalez, C., The relationship between nasal obstruction and craniofacial growth (1989) Pediatr Clin North Am, 36 (6), pp. 1423-1434Tourne, L.P., The long face syndrome and impairment of the nasopharyngeal airway (1990) Angle Orthod, 60 (3), pp. 167-176Fields, H.W., Warren, D.W., Black, K., Phillips, C.L., Relationship between vertical dentofacial morphology and respiration in adolescents (1991) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 99 (2), pp. 147-154Castilho, J.C.M., Generoso, R., Moraes, L.C., Moraes, M.E.L., Avaliação radiográfica da altura facial anterior inferior (AFAI) em pacientes com e sem obstrução da nasofaringe (2002) J Bras Ortod Ortop Facial, 7 (38), pp. 133-141Solow, B., Greve, E., Rhinomanometric recording in children (1980) Rhinology, 18 (1), pp. 31-42Harvold, E.P., Vargervik, K., Chierici, G., Primate experiments on oral sensation and dental malocclusions (1973) Am J Orthod, 63 (5), pp. 494-508Harvold, E.P., Tomer, B.S., Vargervik, K., Chierici, G., Primate experiments on oral respiration (1981) Am J Orthod, 79 (4), pp. 359-372Weber, Z.J., Preston, C.B., Wright, P.G., Resistance to nasal airflow related to changes in head posture (1981) Am J Orthod, 80 (5), pp. 536-545Miller, A.J., Vargervik, K., Chierici, G., Experimentally induced neuromuscular changes during and after nasal airway obstruction (1984) Am J Orthod, 85 (5), pp. 385-392Jorge, E.P., Estudo da resistência nasal em pacientes com má- oclusão de Classe II divisão 1a de Angle, utilizando a rinomanometria anterior ativa (2001) Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Facial, 6 (1), pp. 15-30Ianni Filho, D., Raveli, D.B., Raveli, R.B., Castro Monteiro Loffredo, L., Gandin Jr., L.G., A comparison of nasopharyngeal endoscopy and lateral cephalometric radiography in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction (2001) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 120 (4), pp. 348-352Massler, M., Zwemer, J.D., Mouthbreathing. II. Diagnosis and treatment (1953) J Am Dent Assoc, 46, pp. 658-671Quinn, G.W., Airway interference syndrome. Clinical identification and evaluation of nose breathing capabilities (1983) Angle Orthod, 53 (4), pp. 311-319Thuer, U., Kuster, R., Ingervall, B., A comparison between anamnestic, rhinomanometric and radiological methods of diagnosing mouth-breathing (1989) Eur J Orthod, 11 (2), pp. 161-168Chami, F.A.I., Avaliação nasofibroscópica e radiológica de pacientes com hiperplasia da amigada faríngea (1998) Rev Bras Med, 5 (4), pp. 118-124Krogman, W.M., Sassouni, V., (1957) A Syllabus in Roentgenographic Cephalometry. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Growth Study, pp. 45-103Miller, A.J., Vargervik, K., Chierici, G., Sequential neuromuscular changes in rhesus monkeys during the initial adaptation to oral respiration (1982) Am J Orthod, 81 (2), pp. 99-107Solow, B., Siersbaek-Nielsen, S., Greve, E., Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology (1984) Am J Orthod, 86 (3), pp. 214-223Crouse, U., Laine-Alava, M.T., Warren, D.W., Nasal impairment in prepubertal children (2000) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 118 (1), pp. 69-74Gross, A.M., Kellum, G.D., Michas, C., Franz, D., Foster, M., Walker, M., Open-mouth posture and maxillary arch width in young children: A three-year evaluation (1994) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 106 (6), pp. 635-640Hartgerink, D.V., Vig, P.S., Lower anterior face height and lip incompetence do not predict nasal airway obstruction (1989) Angle Orthod, 59 (1), pp. 17-23Jacobson, A., The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony (1975) Am J Orthod, 67 (2), pp. 125-138Marchesan, I.Q., Krakaver, L.H., (1995) A Importância Do Trabalho Respiratório Na Terapia Miofuncional. Tópicos Em Fonoaudiologia, 2, pp. 155-160. , São Paulo: LoviseNegreiros, P.E., (2000) O Efeito Sobre As Medidas Cefalométricas Devido à Alteração Da Posição Natural Da Cabeça (PNC) Em Telerradiografias Tomadas Em Norma Lateral, , [dissertação]. Piracicaba: Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de CampinasOliveira, R.C., Anselmo-Lima, W.T., Souza, B.B., Importância da nasofibroscopia na presença do RX cavum normal para diagnóstico da hiperplasia adenoideana (2001) Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol, 67 (4 PART1), pp. 499-50

The effects of systemic stress on orthodontic tooth movement

To determine if systemic stress affects the biological reactions occurring during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Four groups of male 10 week-old Wistar rats were used. Group A animals (N=10) were restrained for one hour per day for 40 days; Group B animals (N=10) were restrained for one hour per day for three days; Group C (N=10) and Group D (N=8) animals were unrestrained. The upper left first molars in the rats in Groups A (long-term stress), B (short-term stress) and C (control) were moved mesially during the last 14 days of the experiment. The animals in Group D (N=8) were used for body weight and hormonal dosage comparisons only. They were not subjected to any stress and did not have appliances fitted. All animals were killed at 18 weeks of age and blood collected for measurement of plasma corticosterone. Tooth movement was measured with an electronic caliper. The right and left hemi-maxillae of five rats from each group were removed and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, defined as osteoclasts, adjacent to the mesial roots of the upper first molars counted. The contralateral side in each animal served as the control (split-mouth design). Results: Corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the stressed groups (Groups A and B) than in the control group (Group C). Tooth movement was significantly greater in Group A (long-term stress) compared with Group B (short-term stress) and Group C (control), which did not differ from each other. There were significantly more osteoclasts in the long-term stress group than in the short-term stress and control groups. Conclusion: Persistent systemic stress increases bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Systemic stress may affect the rate of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.24212112

Evaluation Of Root Resorption Associated With Orthodontic Movement In Stressed Rats.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic systemic stress response on orthodontically induced root resorption. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were restrained during 1 hour a day by stress models of short (3 days) and long duration (40 days), while control group was not submitted to restraint (N.=10/group). The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion during the last 14 days of the experiment. Then, animals were killed for blood collection and mensuration of plasmatic corticosterone by radioimmunoassay; the tissues around mesial root of the first molar were processed for histological and histochemical techniques with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The degree of root resorption and the number of odontoclasts were evaluated, being the contralateral side of each animal serving as its control (split-mouth design). RESULTS: The results revealed that the plasmatic levels of corticosterone were significantly higher in both the stressed groups than in the control one. There were no significant differences in the degree of root resorption and in the number of odontoclasts on the root between the 3 groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that systemic stress alone can not be considered a risk factor for root resorption induced by orthodontic tooth movement.5711-1256957