Diabetes mellitus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To undertake a meta-analysis of the association of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) with diabetes, two diseases with an important impact on public health and the economy, but the evidence of which about their association is inconsistent. Methods: Relevant studies were localized by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Conference Proceedings, and other databases from inception to October 2020, without restrictions. The reference lists of included studies and of related reviews were also inspected. Global pooled odds ratios were calculated, and predefined subgroup analyses were performed. The heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was assessed and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results: Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled ORs showed a moderate association between diabetes and OLP [OR: 1.87 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.34)]. The association is limited to studies carried out on adults only [OR: 2.12 (95%CI: 1.75, 2.57)] and is observed in all study designs. Globally, the heterogeneity was low to moderate. Studies carried out in European populations show a stronger association of diabetes and OLP than Asiatic studies [OR: 2.49 (95%CI: 1.87, 3.32) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.25, 2.03), respectively]. Conclusions: Diabetes and OLP are moderately associated. Systematic diagnosis of diabetes in OLP patients could prove usefulS

Fabrication of a new electrochemical sensor based on screen-printed carbon electrode/amine-functionalized graphene oxide-Cu nanoparticles for Rohypnol direct determination in drink sample

Rohypnol or Flunitrazepam belongs to benzodiazepines (Schedule IV) with much higher and long-lasting effects on the central nervous system. Unfortunately, it is used in suicide and aggression. Since it can eventually be detected in the urine within 72 h, it is essential to measure it quickly and accurately. In this work, a new electrochemical sensor for the Rohypnol measurement was fabricated based on a modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The SPCE surface was modified with amine-functionalized graphene oxide sheets reinforced through Cu nanoparticles)SPCE/AGO-Cu(with an average size of 30 nm. At the SPCE surface, an oxidation peak was observed for Rohypnol at a potential of 0.30 V. However, an oxidation peak at a potential of 0.25 V with two reduction peaks were appeared for Rohypnol at the SPCE surface modified with AGO-Cu in the potential range of 0 to 1 V. The ability of the SPCE/AGO-Cu to measure Rohypnol was studied. A linear dependency was resulted between Rohypnol concentration and SPCE/AGO-Cu response in the range of 0.4�140 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.13 μM in aqueous solution. According to the results, the SPCE/AGO-Cu provides an accurate and precise assay pathway of Rohypnol in the fruit juice. © 2020 Elsevier B.V