Segregation of electro- and mechanoreceptive inputs to the elasmobranch medulla

The anterior lateral line nerve of the thornback ray consists of fibers that innervate head electroreceptive ampullary organs and mechanoreceptive neuromasts. As the anterior lateral line nerve enters the medulla it divides into dorsal and ventral roots. Single unit responses of dorsal root fibers to electric field and mechanical stimuli indicate that the dorsal root consists only of ampullary fibers, whereas the ventral root consists only of mechanoreceptive fibers. The dorsal and ventral roots of the anterior lateral line nerve terminate in the dorsal and medial octavolateralis nuclei respectively, indicating that the dorsal nucleus is the primary electroreceptive nucleus of the elasmobranch medulla and the medial nucleus is the mechanoreceptive nucleus. Averaged evoked potential responses to electric field stimuli could be recorded from the dorsal but not the medial nucleus, further evidence that the dorsal nucleus is the electroreceptive nucleus. A second evoked response to electric field stimuli was elicited from the lateral reticular nucleus, suggesting that the reticular formation may be a secondary target of efferents of the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus. A dorsal octavo-lateralis nucleus exists not only in elasmobranchs, but also in agnathan, chondrostean, dipnoan, and crossopterygian fishes, suggesting that all of these taxa are also electroreceptive.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23168/1/0000093.pd

An electrosensory area in the telencephalon of the little skate, Raja erinacea

On the basis of evoked potential and multiple unit responses we identified a pallial electrosensory area that extends throughout the central one-third of the skate telencephalon. This electrosensory area coincides in its mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent with an area of visual responsiveness. Throughout the area peak visual activity is 250-500 [mu]m superficial to the maximum electrosensory responses. However, both electrosensory and visual areas appear to be located within the same pallial cell group. The depth and proximity of this pallial area to the lateral ventricle and medial forebrain bundle suggest that it is a subdivision of the medial pallium. Injection of HRP into the area from a glass microelectrode following recordings revealed retrogradely labeled cells in 3 separate diencephalic nuclei, the largest of which, the lateral posterior nucleus, also is responsive to electrosensory stimuli.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24842/1/0000268.pd

SLA Impact Modeling for Service Engagement

Abstract-During the customer engagement phase it is critical for the service providers to estimate the impact of service level constraints on service personnel needs. However, it is often difficult due to the implication from customer workload. In this paper we propose an SLA impact evaluation methodology that uses queueing models to quantitatively evaluate the impact of SLAs to the engagement cost model

Inbreeding in cattle

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

A Multi-Year Longitudinal Study of Water Quality Parameters in Four Salmon-Bearing and Recreational Streams on Mount Hood, Oregon

Four streams–Clear Fork, Lost Creek, Camp Creek and Still Creek–in northwestern Oregon’s Sandy River Basin were monitored for temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and fecal bacterial concentrations in a multi-year analysis examining stream health for recreational users and anchor habitat for Pacific Salmon.Temperatures were recorded using micro –T temperature loggers at 15 locations, during 22 July - 5 September 2006, 2 July - 4 September 2007, 20 June - 7 September 2008, 23 June - 9 September 2009, and 2 July –9 September 2010. The Seven-Day Average Maximum water temperature (7-DAM) of 13°C was used as a reference value for the biological limit governing suitable salmonid spawning and egg incubation conditions. The maximum 7-DAM temperatures occurred on different dates and all streams neared or exceeded the 13°C standard at least once each summer. Dissolved oxygen levels were measured at weekly or longer intervals in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. Dissolved oxygen levels fell below the 9.0 ppm standard for Clear Fork on almost half the sampling dates in 2006, 2007, and 2009. Concentrations of the bacterial genus Enterococcus were measured as an indicator of fecal contamination.Samples were collected at 15 sites along the four streams. Weekly samples were collected during a 9 week period from July - September 2007, an 11 week period from June - September 2008, and an 11 week period from June - September 2009. Enterococcus counts exceeded the federal recommended national criterion value of 61 colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mL every year in Camp Creek and occasionally elsewhere, with exceedances trending towards late summer

Multiteam systems in an agile environment: a realist systematic review

Article describes a collaborate study between University of North Texas and Toyota Connected focusing on how to structure and manage multiteam systems (MTSs)

A Multi-Year Longitudinal Study of Water Quality Parameters in Four Salmon-Bearing and Recreational Streams on Mount Hood, Oregon

Four streams-Clear Fork, Lost Creek, Camp Creek and Still Creek-in northwestern Oregon's Sandy River Basin were monitored for temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and fecal bacterial concentrations in a multi-year analysis examining stream health for recreational users and anchor habitat for Pacific Salmon. Temperatures were recorded using micro -T temperature loggers at 15 locations, during 22 July -5 September 2006, 2 July -4 September 2007, 20 June -7 September 2008, 23 June -9 September 2009, and 2 July -9 September 2010. The Seven-Day Average Maximum water temperature (7-DAM) of 13° C was used as a reference value for the biological limit governing suitable salmonid spawning and egg incubation conditions. The maximum 7-DAM temperatures occurred on different dates and all streams neared or exceeded the 13° C standard at least once each summer. Dissolved oxygen levels were measured at weekly or longer intervals in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. Dissolved oxygen levels fell below the 9.0 ppm standard for Clear Fork on almost half the sampling dates in 2006, 2007, and 2009. Concentrations of the bacterial genus Enterococcus were measured as an indicator of fecal contamination. Samples were collected at 15 sites along the four streams. Weekly samples were collected during a 9 week period from July -September 2007, an 11 week period from June -September 2008, and an 11 week period from June September 2009. Enterococcus counts exceeded the federal recommended national criterion value of 61 colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mL every year in Camp Creek and occasionally elsewhere, with exceedances trending towards late summer

Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing Research Program: Summary FY 1996 Research Activities

68 pagesThis report summarizes research results from March 1996 to February 1997 for the Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing Research Program.U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-FC51-94R02027

Statistical Sampling for Process Assessments

Many framework-based process improvement programs, such as those based on the eSourcing Capability Model for Service Providers (eSCM-SP) and Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development (CMMIDEV), rely on a sample of engagements (or projects) in drawing conclusions about organizational capability. The intent is to determine the normal behavior in the organization based on a “representative” sample, but a rigorous definition of what characterizes a representative sample is usually not provided. The purpose of this article is to define in statistical terms, with explicitly stated assumptions, what a reasonable representative sample should be so a reliable characterization of organizational capability can be established. The analysis is illustrated in the context of the eSCM-SP but can be extended to other frameworks