Studies into factors affecting the antifilarial activity of albendazole

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Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts and Flavonoid Glycosides of Corn Silk (Zea mays L)

Corn silk refers to the stigmas of Zea mays L. (Gramineae) from the female flowers of maize. It is medicinally used in a number of diseases and contained a number of flavonoids. Screening of plants against pathogenic bacteria is an important step to validate its medicinal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts, flavonoids of corn silk and compare the activities with standard antibiotic gentamycin. The pet-ether (PECS), chloroform (CECS) and methanol (MECS) extracts (25 mg/mL) of corn silk were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Twelve pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenase, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonneii, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis and one fungus Candida albicans were used to screen the extracts. Gentamycin  (50 mg/mL) was used as reference antibiotic. Two isolated flavonoid glycosides (2.0 mg/mL) of corn silk were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The microbial growth inhibitory potential was determined by using the agar hole-plate diffusion method. PECS, MECS and flavonoids were sensitive against eleven bacteria out of twelve bacteria. CECS was sensitive only against five bacteria.  No extracts and flavonoids were sensitive against Escherichia coli and Candid albicans. The results were compared with gentamycin, which was sensitive against all the bacteria tested. Extracts and flavonoids showed significantly (p<0.05) higher sensitivity against a number of bacteria than gentamycin

N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H16N2O4S2, the dihedral angle between the terminal phenyl rings is 77.07 (13)°. The geometries around the S atoms are distorted tetra­hedral, with O—S—O angles of 120.66 (12) and 119.44 (11)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are stacked in columns along the a axis via inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Tetra­kis(2,6-diamino­pyridinium) diphthalate 2,6-diamino­pyridine

In the title compound, 4C5H8N3 +·2C8H4O4 2−·C5H7N3, the asymmetric unit consists of two protonated diamino­pyridine cations, one phthalate anion and one half of a diamino­pyridine mol­ecule, which has twofold rotation symmetry and is disordered over two positions with a site-occupancy ratio of 0.534 (3):0.466 (3). In the disordered structure, both pyridine rings are essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.011 (2) and 0.006 (2) Å, and these two rings are inclined to one another at a dihedral angle of 79.86 (10)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the ions and mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. The structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

3-Hydr­oxy-3-(methoxy­carbon­yl)penta­nedioic acid

In the title compound, C7H10O7, the aliphatic chain is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.013 (1) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 78.75 (7)° with the methoxy­carbonyl group. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets parallel to (100). In the sheet, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 2(9) and R 2 2(8) ring motifs

Bis(2,6-diamino­pyridinium) tartrate monohydrate

In the title compound, 2C5H8N3 +·C4H4O6 2−·H2O, the two cations are essentially planar [maximum deviations = 0.023 (1) and 0.026 (1) Å]. In one of the cations, the protonated N atom and one of the amino group H atoms are hydrogen bonded to one of the carboxyl groups of the dianion through a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 2(8) ring motif. In the crystal structure, the tartrate anions and water mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The cations further link the anions and water mol­ecules into a three-dimensional extended structure by a network of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is also stabilized by weak inter­molecular π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6950 (6) Å]

Tetra­guanidinium bis­[citrato(3−)]cuprate(II) dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (CH6N3)4[Cu(C6H5O7)2]·2H2O, contains one-half of a centrosymmetric CuII complex anion, two guanidinium cations and a water mol­ecule. The CuII ion, lying on a crystallographic inversion center, is hexa­coordinated with two citrate anions in a distorted octahedral geometry. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl­pyridinium benzoate

In the title compound, C7H11N2 +·C7H5O2 −, the 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl­pyridinium cation and the benzoate anion are linked by two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R 2 2(8) ring motif. The H atoms in both the methyl groups are rotationally disordered, with fixed site occupancies of 0.50. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A π–π inter­action, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.661 (2) Å, is also observed

Naphthalen-1-aminium chloride

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H10N+·Cl−, the two components are connected via N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to the bc plane

Ethyl 4-(phenyl­sulfon­yl)piperazine-1-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C13H18N2O4S, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the least-squares planes through the piperazine and benzene rings is 73.23 (10)°. In the crystal, there are no classical hydrogen bonds but stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions