Cancer Subclones Derived from the Patient's Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor Stem Cells for the Screening of Personalized Antitumor Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy.

Studying on subclonal evolution of cancer stem cells can help illustrate how the immune system recognizes tumor cells, leading to subclonal treatment by immune-based therapies. Here, we discuss that cancer subclones derived from the patient's head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor stem cells can be used for the screening of personalized antitumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy, to maximize benefits and to minimize the adversary effects, toward personalized or precision medicine. We propose a "wait-and-watch" scheme for monitoring a lifetime cancer stem cell subclonal development evolved with local environments to cancer

The astrobiology primer: An outline of general knowledge - Version 1, 2006

Peer reviewe

Active symbols and internal models: Towards a cognitive connectionism

In the first section of the article, we examine some recent criticisms of the connectionist enterprise: first, that connectionist models are fundamentally behaviorist in nature (and, therefore, non-cognitive), and second that connectionist models are fundamentally associationist in nature (and, therefore, cognitively weak). We argue that, for a limited class of connectionist models (feed-forward, pattern-associator models), the first criticism is unavoidable. With respect to the second criticism, we propose that connectionist models are fundamentally associationist but that this is appropriate for building models of human cognition. However, we do accept the point that there are cognitive capacities for which any purely associative model cannot provide a satisfactory account. The implication that we draw from is this is not that associationist models and mechanisms should be scrapped, but rather that they should be enhanced.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45877/1/146_2005_Article_BF01889764.pd

Cancer Subclones Derived from the Patient's Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor Stem Cells for the Screening of Personalized Antitumor Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy.

Studying on subclonal evolution of cancer stem cells can help illustrate how the immune system recognizes tumor cells, leading to subclonal treatment by immune-based therapies. Here, we discuss that cancer subclones derived from the patient's head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor stem cells can be used for the screening of personalized antitumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy, to maximize benefits and to minimize the adversary effects, toward personalized or precision medicine. We propose a "wait-and-watch" scheme for monitoring a lifetime cancer stem cell subclonal development evolved with local environments to cancer

Effects of white-tailed deer herbivory on upland hardwood plant communities in the Piedmont of South Carolina

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is an important game species and the largest native herbivore in South Carolina. Deer populations have rapidly rebounded in the last 50 years resulting in browse lines, reduced regeneration of overstory tree species, and in some circumstances, extirpation of preferred deer browse species. The impact of white-tailed deer has been studied throughout much of its northern range, but there has been little long-term research into the impact of deer on forests and plant communities in the Southeast. This study measures impacts of deer herbivory 13 years after clearcutting six upland hardwood stands in the Clemson Experimental Forest by comparing plant communities inside and outside exclosures. An initial study conducted 1 year after the clearcut concluded that deer herbivory had no impact on the plant communities. To determine the long-term impacts of herbivory, the plots were surveyed 13 years later. The survey determined that there was significantly greater plant species richness outside the exclosures compared to inside (pp\u3e0.1). Both treatments had a similar number of invasive species (p\u3e0.1). There was significantly higher vine regeneration inside the exclosures (pLonicera japonica) was reduced outside of the exclosures (p 10cm DBH compared to the plots inside exclosures (