Enterprise and entrepreneurship education: Towards a comparative analysis

Purpose - This paper states the case for adopting a comparative method of analysis to the study of enterprise education. Adopting a comparative approach can provide fresh insights and opportunities for researching from different perspectives. It develops understanding of the concept by reexamining its origins and history. By default its purpose, development operation and rationale are also briefly discussed through reference to literature and policy. Design/methodology/approach - This paper draws on the literature around enterprise and entrepreneurship education. It argues that comparative analysis of enterprise education is an important methodological tool that can enrich, deepen and inform research processes, findings and outcomes. Comparative analysis can take a number of forms and can include within country, cross-country, historical, temporal, longitudinal, spatial, pedagogical, policy or other types of comparison. Findings - This paper unpacks and teases out some of the points of difference and similarity between enterprise education concepts, policies and practices; and the way they are introduced to, applied and operate in different contexts. The main focus and point for comparison is the UK. Enterprise education is distinct from and should not be confused with business and economics. Teacher training in the techniques of enterprise education and resources designed to suit social and cultural requirements is crucial to achieve successful project outcomes. Originality/value - The comparative analysis of enterprise education programmes and policies advocated here adds value and provides additional insight to these concepts and practices

WOMEN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR GENDER-CONSCIOUS TRANSFORMATION IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM

The struggle for women’s liberation from male domination transcends barriers related to social class, culture, race and nationality. Indeed, throughout the world, women in both industrialised and developing countries are working toward the elimination of social and economic inequalities. The universal issues facing women must be recognised and affirmed by social and political planners in the formulation of progressive development policies and programmes consistent with the challenges of the new century. This conceptual paper will explore critical issues related to the role of women in social development and highlight opportunities for gender system transformation associated with projected social and structural developments of the new millennium. The paper will begin with an overview of the status of women in the world, followed by a discussion of critical issues related to women in social development, and a review of strategies implemented by the world’s women to achieve gender equality. A summary of selected approaches to gender-inclusive development policies and an outline of a multi-systemic approach to woman-centred development will be offered. The authors conclude by outlining global recommendations for progressive, woman-centred policies of social development

Human rotavirus strains bearing VP4 gene P[6] allele recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infections share similar, if not identical, VP4 neutralization specificities

AbstractA rotavirus VP4 gene P[6] allele has been documented in a number of countries to be characteristically associated with an endemic predominantly asymptomatic infection in neonates in maternity hospital nurseries. The mechanisms underlying the endemicity and asymptomatic nature of such neonatal infections remain unknown. Rotavirus strains sharing this same P genotype, however, have more recently been recovered from an increasing number of symptomatic diarrheal episodes in infants and young children in various parts of the world. Previously, we have shown that an asymptomatic P[6] rotavirus neonatal infection is not associated with a unique VP7 (G) serotype but may occur in conjunction with various G types. Although amino acid sequence comparisons of the VP4 gene between selected “asymptomatic” and “symptomatic” P[6] rotavirus strains have been reported and yielded information concerning their VP4 genotypes, serotypic comparisons of the outer capsid spike protein VP4 of such viruses have not been studied systematically by two-way cross-neutralizations. We determined the VP4 neutralization specificities of four asymptomatic and four symptomatic P[6] strains: two each of asymptomatic and symptomatic strains by two-way tests, and two each of additional asymptomatic and symptomatic strains by one-way tests. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic P[6] strains were shown to bear similar, if not identical, VP4 neutralization specificities. Thus, P[6] rotavirus strains causing asymptomatic or symptomatic infections did not appear to belong to unique P (VP4) serotypes. In addition, a close VP4 serotypic relationship between human P[6] rotavirus strains and the porcine P[6] rotavirus Gottfried strain was confirmed

The State of Short-Term Rentals in Montana

Little is known about short term rentals (STRs) as an accommodation choice for pleasure or business in Montana. The goal of this study was to assess the impacts of STRs on hosts and communities in Montana, as well as to better understand the characteristics and motivations of visitors who use STRs. Two independent studies; interviews with city and county officials in Montana, as well as an online travel behavior survey regarding accommodation choices and changes in travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic were conducted. Results suggest that positive STR impacts include increased financial well-being for hosts and more vacation rental opportunities for the guests. In some locations, however, STRs appear to limit housing availability and contribute to increased rent and housing costs

2,7-Bis(2-nitro­phen­yl)-9-octyl-9H-carbazole

The title compound, C32H31N3O4, was obtained in a Suzuki coupling of carbazole diboronic acid and bromo­nitro­benzene. In the crystal, the mol­ecule adopts a non-symmetric conformation. The carbazole ring system is approximately planar [maximum deviation from the least-squares plane = 0.039 (2) Å]. The planes of the carbazole unit and the benzene rings subtend dihedral angles of 48.42 (7) and 41.81 (6)°. The dihedral angles between the planes of the nitro­phenyl rings and the nitro groups are 44.34 (19) and 61.64 (15)°. The crystal is built from two strands of parallel mol­ecules with inter­digitated octyl chains. These strands are symmetry related by a twofold screw axis

A threshold of transmembrane potential is required for mitochondrial dynamic balance mediated by DRP1 and OMA1

As an organellar network, mitochondria dynamically regulate their organization via opposing fusion and fission pathways to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis and contribute to key cellular pathways. This dynamic balance is directly linked to bioenergetic function: loss of transmembrane potential across the inner membrane (Dwm) disrupts mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, causing fragmentation of the network. However, the level of Dwm required for mitochondrial dynamic balance, as well as the relative contributions of fission and fusion pathways, have remained unclear. To explore this, mitochondrial morphology and Dwm were examined via confocal imaging and tetramethyl rhodamine ester (TMRE) flow cytometry, respectively, in cultured 143B osteosarcoma cells. When normalized to the TMRE value of untreated 143B cells as 100%, both genetic (mtDNA-depleted q0) and pharmacological [carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-treated] cell models below 34% TMRE fluorescence were unable to maintain mitochondrial interconnection, correlating with loss of fusion-active long OPA1 isoforms (L-OPA1). Mechanistically, this threshold is maintained by mechanistic coordination of DRP1-mediated fission and OPA1-mediated fusion: cells lacking either DRP1 or the OMA1 metalloprotease were insensitive to loss of Dwm, instead maintaining an obligately fused morphology. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a mitochondrial ‘tipping point’ threshold mediated by the interaction of Dwm with both DRP1 and OMA1; moreover, DRP1 appears to be required for effective OPA1 maintenance and processing, consistent with growing evidence for direct interaction of fission and fusion pathways. These results suggest that Dwm below threshold coordinately activates both DRP1-mediated fission and OMA1 cleavage of OPA1, collapsing mitochondrial dynamic balance, with major implications for a range of signaling pathways and cellular life/death events

Prospectus, March 11, 1974

EARLY SEMESTER SYSTEM APPROVED BY TRUSTEES; Parking Fines Begin Today; Parkland Takes Second In NIU Competition; IBHE Seeks Student Member; A Chance For Complete Creativity; Auditions; Streaking; Prospectus In Perspective; Letters To The Editor; The Short Circuit; President\u27s Report; A Little More Gore; Community Drug Abuse Program Started At Parkland; Behind The Books; Proposed Parkland Day-Care Center And Child Care Curriculum; Kottke Changes Style: Don\u27t Fret About It; Tournaments And Contests; Transfer Days At ISU This Spring; Kathy, Jeff To Merge Mar. 23; EIU Transfer Day Set For April 5; Classified Ads; Vet Ventures!; Day Senator; Parkland Holds Community Environment Seminar; Bridge Or Chess???; Women\u27s Billiards; Monday\u27s Coach; Lovingfoss Unanimous Pick For All-Star Team; Races, Contests Tournaments Spring Quarter; Streakers Bare All At U of I; Coed Volleyball; Used Book Sale; Serpico - Relevant But Incomplete; A Column By And For Women: Broader Representation On Committee Needed; SARP Winners Announced; Judge Roy Bean Here March 13; Crosswords; Parkland Offers New, Unique Classes; Special Election March 20-21; Callboard, Parkland Eventshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1974/1019/thumbnail.jp

Methane Emissions from a Grassland-Wetland Complex in the Southern Peruvian Andes

Wet organic-rich mineral and peat soils in the tropical Andes represent a potentially significant, but little studied, source of methane to the atmosphere. Here we report the results of field and laboratory measurements of soil-atmosphere methane exchange and associated environmental variables from freely draining upland and inundation prone wetland soils in a humid puna ecosystem in the Southeastern Andes of Peru. Between seasons and across the landscape soil-atmosphere exchange varied between uptake and emission. Notable hotspots of methane emission, peaking during the wet season, were observed from both upland and wetland soils with particularly strong emissions from moss-accumulating topographic lows. This variability was best explained by the influence of oxygen concentration on methane production in superficial soil horizons

Association of a Simplified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool With the Need for Pharmacologic Treatment for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Importance: Observer-rated scales, such as the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (FNAST), are used to quantify the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and guide pharmacologic therapy. The FNAST, a comprehensive 21-item assessment tool, was developed for research and subsequently integrated into clinical practice; a simpler tool, designed to account for clinically meaningful outcomes, is urgently needed to standardize assessment. Objectives: To identify FNAST items independently associated with the decision to use pharmacologic therapy and to simplify the FNAST while minimizing loss of information for the treatment decision. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multisite cohort study included 424 neonates with opioid exposure who had a gestational age of at least 36 weeks with follow-up from birth to hospital discharge in the derivation cohort and 109 neonates with opioid exposure from the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research Study in the validation cohort. Neonates in the derivation cohort were included in a medical record review at the Universities of Louisville and Kentucky or in a randomized clinical trial and observational study conducted at Tufts University (2014-2018); the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research was conducted from 2005 to 2008. Data analysis was conducted from May 2017 to August 2019. Exposures: Prenatal opioid exposure. Main Outcomes and Measures: All FNAST items were dichotomized as present or not present, and logistic regression was used to identify binary items independently associated with pharmacologic treatment. The final model was validated with an independent cohort of neonates with opioid exposure. Results: Among 424 neonates (gestational age, ≥36 weeks; 217 [51%] female infants), convulsions were not observed, and high-pitched cry and hyperactive Moro reflex had extremely different frequencies across cohorts. Therefore, these 3 FNAST items were removed from further analysis. The 2 tremor items were combined, and 8 of the remaining 17 items were independently associated with pharmacologic treatment, with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.89) compared with 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.94) for the 21-item FNAST. External validation of the 8 items resulted in an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79-0.93). Thresholds of 4 and 5 on the simplified scale yielded the closest agreement with FNAST thresholds of 8 and 12 (weighted κ = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48-0.61). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study suggest that 8 signs of NAS may be sufficient to assess whether a neonate meets criteria for pharmacologic therapy. A focus on these signs could simplify the FNAST tool and may enhance its clinical utility

Targeting Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase for Glioblastoma

View full abstracthttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/leading-edge/1041/thumbnail.jp