Time domain Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlation

We experimentally demonstrate creation and characterization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation between optical beams in the time domain. The correlated beams are created with two independent continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and a half beam splitter. We define temporal modes using a square temporal filter with duration $T$ and make time-resolved measurement on the generated state. We observe the correlations between the relevant conjugate variables in time domain which correspond to the EPR correlation. Our scheme is extendable to continuous variable quantum teleportation of a non-Gaussian state defined in the time domain such as a Schr\"odinger cat-like state.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The first case of recurrent ultra late onset group B streptococcal sepsis in a 3-year-old child

AbstractGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is a commonly recognized cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonatal and young infants. Invasive GBS infection is classified into early onset GBS disease (EOD, day 0–6), late onset GBS disease (LOD, day 7–89) and ultra late onset GBS disease (ULOD, after 3 months of age). ULOD is uncommon and recurrence is especially rare. We present the first recurrent case of ULOD GBS sepsis in 3-year-old girl with a past medical history of hydrops fetalis and thoracic congenital lymphatic dysplasia. The first episode presented as sepsis at 2 years 8 months of age. The second episode occurred as sepsis with encephalopathy at 3 years 1 months of age. During each episode, the patient was treated using intravenous antimicrobials and her condition improved. Serotype examination was not performed in the first episode, but GBS type V was serotyped in the second episode. ULOD over 1year of age is quite rare and may recur

Giant High-Flow Type Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation: Coil Embolization with Flow Control by Balloon Occlusion and an Anchored Detachable Coil

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are often treated by pushable fibered or non-fibered microcoils, using an anchor or scaffold technique or with an Amplatzer plug through a guiding sheath. When performing percutaneous transcatheter microcoil embolization, there is a risk of coil migration, particularly with high-flow type PAVMs. The authors report on a unique treatment in a patient with a giant high-flow PAVM whose nidus had a maximum diameter of 6 cm. A detachable coil, not detached from a delivery wire (an anchored detachable coil), was first placed in the feeding artery under flow control by balloon occlusion, and then multiple microcoils were packed proximally to the anchored detachable coil. After confirming the stability of the microcoils during a gradual deflation of the balloon, we finally released the first detachable coil. The nidus was reduced in size to 15 mm at one year postoperatively

Verification of Implant Surface Modification by a Novel Processing Method

Metals have been used clinically as biomaterials, especially in the orthopaedic and dental fields. Metals used as implants wear at contact surfaces, producing metal particles and metal ions that may be harmful. Newly developed metal implants and methods of implant surface modification are currently under scrutiny. We evaluated the use of electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) as a surface finishing method for metal implants. Metal implants processed using the ELID method (ELID group) or not processed (Non-ELID group) were inserted surgically into rabbit femurs. The rabbits were sacrificed postoperatively over a 24-week period. We assessed the concentrations of the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, the resistance to implant pull-out, and histopathology at the implant site. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the cytokine concentrations or implant pull-out resistance. Many particles indicating wear around the implant were noted in the Non-ELID group (n=10) but not the ELID group (n=13), while a fibrous membrane adhering to the every implant was noted in the ELID group. The formation of a fibrous membrane rather than metal particles in the ELID group may indicate improved biocompatibility, and it suggests that ELID may prevent corrosion in the areas of contact

Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung: Image Quality of a Prototype Scanner

Purpose: The image noise and image quality of a prototype ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scanner was evaluated and compared with those of conventional high-resolution CT (C-HRCT) scanners. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board. A U-HRCT scanner prototype with 0.25 mm × 4 rows and operating at 120 mAs was used. The C-HRCT images were obtained using a 0.5 mm × 16 or 0.5 mm × 64 detector-row CT scanner operating at 150 mAs. Images from both scanners were reconstructed at 0.1-mm intervals; the slice thickness was 0.25 mm for the U-HRCT scanner and 0.5 mm for the C-HRCT scanners. For both scanners, the display field of view was 80 mm. The image noise of each scanner was evaluated using a phantom. U-HRCT and C-HRCT images of 53 images selected from 37 lung nodules were then observed and graded using a 5-point score by 10 board-certified thoracic radiologists. The images were presented to the observers randomly and in a blinded manner. Results: The image noise for U-HRCT (100.87 ± 0.51 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than that for C-HRCT (40.41 ± 0.52 HU; P <.0001). The image quality of U-HRCT was graded as superior to that of C-HRCT (P <.0001) for all of the following parameters that were examined: margins of subsolid and solid nodules, edges of solid components and pulmonary ves sels in subsolid nodules, air bronchograms, pleural indentations, margins of pulmonary vessels, edges of bronchi, and interlobar fissures. Conclusion: Despite a larger image noise, the prototype U-HRCT scanner had a significantly better image quality than the C-HRCT scanners

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for acute kidney injury 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome which has a broad range of etiologic factors depending on different clinical settings. Because AKI has significant impacts on prognosis in any clinical settings, early detection and intervention are necessary to improve the outcomes of AKI patients. This clinical guideline for AKI was developed by a multidisciplinary approach with nephrology, intensive care medicine, blood purification, and pediatrics. Of note, clinical practice for AKI management which was widely performed in Japan was also evaluated with comprehensive literature search