Characteristics of Health-related Concepts of Students Who Aim to Work in the Childcare Field before Taking Childcare “Health” Classes

保育内容「健康」は，近年頻発する災害への対応や感染症拡大等に大きく関連する分野として，その在り方は改めて注目されており，その重要性を認識した保育者の育成については，養成段階から検討していく必要がある。本論では，保育者志望学生が，保育内容「健康」の授業実施前に抱く健康諸概念の特徴と課題を明らかにすることを試みた。具体的には，保育者養成校において，保育内容「健康」の授業前の健康概念を捉えるため，文章完成法（SCT）を用いて記述データを収集した。記述データには主にテキストマイニングを援用した量的分析，及び質的分析を行った。また，各学年の健康諸概念等の比較により，特徴を検討した。これらを踏まえ，授業実施に関する提案を述べた

Relevance between “Physical Body” and “Health” Field of Childcare Contents in Froebel’s “Edsucation of the Human Being” (4th report) : by Focusing on “Section 3 Human Being as a Boy”

本論は，F.フレーベル［1782-1852］の著書『人間の教育』（1826）「第三篇 少年としての人間」の論述に関して，「幼児の活動と身体遊戯」「身体の堕落」「人間の本質としての善」「衝動と身体」等について，その現代的意味を保育内容「健康」領域との関連性において考察した。フレーベルが述べた「幼児の活動と身体遊戯」に関する著述に関しては，「走る」「球技（ボール遊び）」「鬼ごっこ（鬼遊び）」に関連性が見られるものの，「打ち合う」「相撲」「戦争ごっこ」「狩猟ごっこ」に関しては，幼児教育関係告示文や『小学校学習指導要領』を見る限り，関連性は確認できなかった。一連の研究は，本論（第四報）で打ち切りにするため，第一報から第四報の総括をした

Issues of Health Education in Early Childhood and Formation of Young Children's Body Image

本論は，幼児期の健康教育の課題を明らかにすると共に，幼児の身体像の形成が教育的効果を生むことの可能性について検討するものである。健康教育は，「健康や自分の身体への興味関心」「習慣形成等の実践力」「科学的な正しい知識」を並行して育成することが効果的であると考える。発達過程によって重心を置く項目が異なるが，「健康や自分の身体への興味関心」については，幼児教育から中学校教育まで一貫して重要であると考えられる。それには，各発達過程や学校の教育形態の特色を生かした教材の開発が求められる。例えば，幼児期の健康教育においては，自分の身体像や身体感覚を表出する保育教材が想定できる。This paper discusses the issues of health education in childhood and examines the possibility that the formation of the body image of young children can bring an educational effect．We believe that health education would be effective by developing "interest in health and one's own body," "practical skills for habit formation" and "scientifically right knowledge" at the same time. Although which item we should focus on is depending on the developmental process, "interest in health and one's own body" is considered to be consistently important from education in early childhood to education in junior high school. This requires the development of teaching materials that take advantage of the characteristics of each developmental process and school educational format. For example, for the health education in early childhood, we can assume materials that express their own body image and sensation

The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire for patients with non-melancholic depression

BackgroundParker et al. (2006) proposed a new approach to classify specific sub-types of non-melancholic depression caused by various stress factors and premorbid personality styles: the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire (T&P). The current study aim was to develop the Japanese version of the T&P and evaluate its reliability and validity.MethodsWe studied 114 patients with non-melancholic depression. Reliability was assessed using the test-retest method. Convergent validity of the T&P was compared with the clinician ratings of each patient for the eight personality traits. We also assessed the impact of depressive state on the T&P.ResultsThe test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients among eight constructs of the T&P ranged from 0.77 to 0.89, indicating good-to-excellent reliability. Anxious Worrying (rho=0.29), Perfectionism (rho=0.17), Personal Reserve (rho=0.18), Irritability (rho=0.38), and Social Avoidance (rho=0.32) showed adequate levels of convergent validity; Rejection Sensitivity (rho=0.16), Self-criticism (rho=-0.02), and Self-focus (rho=0.07) showed relatively weak convergent validity. Perfectionism (rho=-0.06), Social Avoidance (rho=0.17), Anxious Worrying (rho=0.40), Personal Reserve (rho=0.30), Irritability (rho=0.28), Rejection Sensitivity (rho=0.35), Self-criticism (rho=0.49), and Self-focus (rho=0.24) showed minimal sensitivity to mood state effects.LimitationsOnly one site was used. While a Likert scale was used, the clinician-rated personality trait measure had not been validated.ConclusionsThe J-T&P is a reliable and valid measure for assessing temperament and personality in Japanese patients with non-melancholic depression

Sustainable development goals in nephrology nursing to support social development for Japan’s changing population: recommendations for a new paradigm

Abstract Background In accordance with the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Japan's Diet Members Caucus on Global Health, we prepared a report and recommendations for nephrology nursing care in the context of population aging in Japan. Goals and strategies to support social activities are discussed. Summary As the population continues to age in Japan, nephrology nursing must evolve to support society amid changes. We should aim for two goals: (1) the construction of a new social system to support people with kidney disease, and (2) the development of clinical nursing by securing nurses who are involved in nephrology nursing. Conclusions Creating a new paradigm for nephrology nursing care in communities, creating knowledge, and advancing nursing practices for patients with renal failure care within community settings and at home, developing nurses with high expertise in nephrology nursing practice, and recognizing that nurses involved in the care of renal insufficiency will elevate the value of nephrology nursing. Promoting the role of nurses in the specialty of renal care will, in turn, heighten their ability to continue to provide support to society and contribute to its development

Differences in morphological features and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient values among breast cancer subtypes using 3-tesla MRI

Purpose: To compare the morphology and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values among breast cancer subtypes. Methods: Ninety-three patients, who underwent breast MRI and collectively had 98 pathologically proven invasive carcinomas, were enrolled. Morphology was evaluated according to BIRADS-MRI. Minimum ADC was measured. Morphology and minimum ADC were compared among subtypes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the characteristics associated with different subtypes. Results: Oval/round shape was significantly associated with triple-negative (TN) cancer (TN vs. non-TN: 90.9% vs. 45.2%; p = 0.0123). Rim enhancement was significantly less frequent in Luminal A (Luminal A vs. non-Luminal A: 34.2% vs. 76.1%; p = 0.0003). The minimum ADC of Luminal A was significantly higher than that of Luminal B (HER2-negative) (834 vs. 748 x 10^-6 mm2/s; p <0.025). The minimum ADC of the TN-special type was significantly higher than that of TN-ductal (997 vs. 702 x 10^-6 mm2/s; p <0.025). On the multivariate analysis comparing the characteristics associated with Luminal A vs. Luminal B (HER2-negative), the internal enhancement characteristics of the mass and minimum ADC were significant factors. Conclusion: Morphology and minimum ADC would be useful in distinguishing breast cancer subtypes