Methanotrophic community composition based on pmoA genes in dissolved methane recovery and biological oxidation closed downflow hanging sponge reactors

Dissolved methane in the effluent of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes is unrecovered and released into the atmosphere as methane, a greenhouse gas. To prevent methane emissions from effluent, a post-treatment system consisting of two closed downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactors for the recovery and biological oxidation of dissolved methane was developed. More than 99% of the dissolved methane was completely eliminated using this system under ambient temperatures for 1 year. In this study, the methanotrophic community composition of the two closed DHS reactors was investigated. The performance of the closed DHS reactor was evaluated at different heights of the reactor in summer and winter. The clone libraries and T-RFLP analyses based on the pmoA gene revealed that type I and type II methanotrophs were present in the closed DHS reactors. Furthermore, type I methanotrophs showed wide diversity and contained uncultured phylogenetic clusters of methanotrophs (FWs and LWs), while type II methanotrophs were dominated by Methylocystis- and Methylosarcina-related clusters. The relative abundance of type II methanotrophs increased during winter. The type I methanotroph population dynamically changed with height of the reactor. These results demonstrate the important role of methanotrophs in removal of dissolved methane from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket effluent treating sewage. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Embargo Period 12 month

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) for AKARI

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) is one of two focal plane instruments on the AKARI satellite. FIS has four photometric bands at 65, 90, 140, and 160 um, and uses two kinds of array detectors. The FIS arrays and optics are designed to sweep the sky with high spatial resolution and redundancy. The actual scan width is more than eight arcmin, and the pixel pitch is matches the diffraction limit of the telescope. Derived point spread functions (PSFs) from observations of asteroids are similar to the optical model. Significant excesses, however, are clearly seen around tails of the PSFs, whose contributions are about 30% of the total power. All FIS functions are operating well in orbit, and its performance meets the laboratory characterizations, except for the two longer wavelength bands, which are not performing as well as characterized. Furthermore, the FIS has a spectroscopic capability using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). Because the FTS takes advantage of the optics and detectors of the photometer, it can simultaneously make a spectral map. This paper summarizes the in-flight technical and operational performance of the FIS.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the AKARI special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japa

未培養微生物群の生理学的機能と系統分類を網羅的に結ぶ新規技術の創成

金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系本研究では、未培養微生物群の16S rRNA遺伝子と機能遺伝子を簡便かつハイスループッドに両者をリンクづけて解析する技術を創成することを目的とした。まず、純粋細菌のゲノムDNAを用いて、申請者の研究アイディアの実証を行なった。その結果、微生物ゲノムから２種類の遺伝子を結合することが可能であった。次に、純粋細菌の細胞を用いて実施したところ、ゲノムを用いた時と実験条件は異なるものの、2種類の遺伝子結合が可能であった。シークエンス解析の結果からも、2種類の遺伝子配列が結合していることが確認できた。We demonstrated the idea for link between 16S rRNA gene and functional gene. The two genes were combined from the microbial genome/cell by fusion PCR. However we found that PCR condition is little bit different with the microbial genome and the cell. Sequencing result showed that two genes were combined correctly.研究課題/領域番号:16K14799, 研究期間(年度):2016-04-01 - 2018-03-31出典：研究課題「未培養微生物群の生理学的機能と系統分類を網羅的に結ぶ新規技術の創成」課題番号16K14799（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K14799/16K14799seika/）を加工して作

メタン酸化酵素遺伝子を有する未培養微生物の網羅的系統分類とrRNAアプローチ

金沢大学理工研究域地球社会基盤学系本研究では、アンプリコンPCRベースで16S rRNA遺伝子と機能遺伝子をリンクづけて解析する技術の開発を行い、環境サンプルに存在する未培養メタン酸化細菌の系統を明らかにすることを目的とした。純粋菌株を用いた実験では、エマルジョンを用いた遺伝子結合PCRを実施し、その精度を評価した。環境サンプルの調査では、土壌サンプルにおいて未培養メタン酸化細菌の割合が多いことがわかった。遺伝子結合PCRをそのサンプルへ適用し、1種類の未培養メタン酸化細菌の系統（16S rRNA遺伝子）を明らかにした。We developed an emulsion fusion PCR to link between 16S rRNA gene and functional gene. The fusion PCR was evaluated using a pure cultures experiment. And an uncultured methanotroph is discovered in forest soils as high population. We applied the developed tool to the sample and determined the phylogeny of the uncultured methanotroph.研究課題/領域番号:18K14777, 研究期間(年度):2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31出典：「メタン酸化酵素遺伝子を有する未培養微生物の網羅的系統分類とrRNAアプローチ」研究成果報告書　課題番号18K14777（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/report/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18K14777/18K14777seika/）を加工して作

Draft genome sequences of Anaerolinea thermolimosa IMO-1, Bellilinea caldifistulae GOMI-1, Leptolinea tardivitalis YMTK-2, Levilinea saccharolytica KIBI-1, Longilinea arvoryzae KOME-1, previously described as members of the class Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi

Members of the class Anaerolineae in the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi are widespread in a range of ecosystems but remain poorly understood. We present here the draft genome sequences of the type strains of five Anaerolineae species, Anaerolinea thermolimosa IMO-1, Bellilinea caldifistulae GOMI-1, Leptolinea tardivitalis YMTK-2, Levilinea saccharolytica KIBI-1, and Longilinea arvoryzae KOME-1

Well-differentiated Endocrine Cell Carcinoma of Ileum Treated by Laparoscopy-assisted Surgery : A Case Report

A 72-year-old woman presented at our hospital with a 1-year history of intermittent right lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopic examination revealed a submucosal tumor with a pitted surface in the terminal ileum. Histopathological diagnosis of the carcinoid tumor was made following biopsy. Blood serotonin and urine 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid levels were normal, and carcinoid syndrome was not detected. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography failed to detect multiple lesions, lymph node swelling or distant metastasis. Laparoscopy-assisted ileocecal resection with lymph node dissection was performed. The resected specimen showed a submucosal tumor with a pitted surface 11 x 11 mm in size, located at the terminal ileum. Histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated endocrine cell carcinoma with an invasion depth to the muscularis propria. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the tumor cells to be chromogranin A and CD56-positive. The patient had no sign of recurrence for 16 months