Complete Application Of Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board System As School Classroom Modules

This paper describes the application of Profiled Steel Sheet Dry Board (PSSDB) system as innovative lightweight composite school classroom modules

Properties of concrete containing ground palm oil fuel ash as fine aggregate replacement

Environmental degradation resulting from increasing sand mining activities and disposal of palm oil fuel ash (POFA), a solid waste generated from palm oil mill needs to be resolved. Thus, the present research investigates the effect of ground palm oil fuel ash as partial fine aggregate replacement on workability, compressive and flexural strength of concrete. Five mixtures of concrete containing POFA as partial sand replacement designed with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of POFA by the weight of sand were used in this experimental work. The cube and beam specimens were casted and water cured up to 28 days before subjected to compressive strength and flexural strength testing respectively. Finding shows that concrete workability reduces as the amount of POFA added become larger. It is worth to note that 10% of POFA is the best amount to be used as partial fine aggregate replacement to produce concrete with enhanced strength

Properties of cement sand brick containing finely crushed cockle shell as partial fine aggregate replacement

Research towards producing environmental friendly cement sand brick stems out from the environmental problem caused by dumping of cockle shell by cockle trade and the increasing river sand mining. This paper discusses the effect of finely crushed cockle shell as partial fine aggregate replacement towards compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption of cement sand brick. A total of six mixes have been used in this experimental work. Brick produced 100% river sand is considered as control specimen. Another type of mix was prepared by adding a range of crushed cockle shell that is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% as partial fine aggregate replacement. All mixes were subjected to water curing until the testing age. Both compressive strength test and flexural strength were conducted at 7, 28 and 60 days. The findings shows that integration of 30% finely crushed cockle shell increase the compressive strength and flexural strength of brick. The same mix also exhibits the lowest water absorption value. Utilization of crushed cockle shell as partial fine aggregate replacement that acts as filler makes the internal structure of brick become denser and stronger. Success in incorporating cockle shell waste in brick production would assist in reducing quantity of shell disposed by cockle trade as solid waste and lower the consumption of natural river sand

Pembangunan satu sistem bangunan berindustri (IBS) - lantai pasang siap sistem kepingan keluli berprofil papan kering

Previously, the Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board System (PSSDB) which is made up of its components of profiled steel sheeting, dry boards and screw connectors are brought separately to the site, pre-arranged and fitted together to form units in a building structure. However, to meet the needs of the Industrialised Building System (IBS) in full, the PSSDB system must be developed into a prefabricated system. The goal of this research is to develop the PSSDB system as prefabricated floor panel system installed at site that meets the characteristics of a more comprehensive IBS construction. The objective of this research is firstly; to develop a more robust floor panel system, secondly, to investigate and get the stiffness characteristics of the PSSDB floor panel connector screws; thirdly; to develop a finite element model to predict the stiffness and produce the design guidelines of PSSDB floor panels and lastly; to develop the PSSDB prefabricated floor system practically. This research is divided into three parts, mainly; laboratory testing, finite element modeling and construction of classroom cabins. Laboratory experiments consist of bending and push out tests. Bending experiment shows that the use of Cemboard dry board has increased the stiffness and ultimate load by 7.2 % and 9.1 % respectively compared to that of plywood. The addition of wood strips on the side panel has increased the stiffness by 8.8 %, ultimate load by 31.7 % and reduced the problem of uneven floor surface. Rabbet connection between two adjacent panels has allowed the panel to bear more load, which is 63.3 % of the individual panels reinforced with wooden strips and 77.6 % of unstrengthened individual panels. Semi-continuous prefabricated PSSDB floor panel has only 52% of the continuous panel stiffness. Previous finite element modeling has been expanded by comparing between the semi-loof and thick shell, uniform load and uniform line load and the distance between the profiled steel sheet and the board dry. As a result, the difference between the experimental central deflection and that of the finite element model is 7.8%. This verified model has been used to carry out a parametric study and predict the panel stiffness of a combination of several new components. These predictions are used to develop a load versus span table as a guidance to floor design. Finally, the PSSDB prefabricated floor system is applied to the construction of two classrooms cabin. Based on these findings, PSSDB floor system with its advantages is potentially suitable and safe to be used as prefabricated floor system

Concrete-Filled Prefabricated Cementitious Composite Tube (CFPCCT) under Axial Compression: Effect of Tube Wall Thickness

Research on different prefabricated cementitious composites for constructing composite concrete columns is comparatively more limited than that of concrete filled steel tube columns. The main objective of this study was to observe the axial compressive behavior of concrete-filled prefabricated cementitious composite tube (CFPCCT) specimens. In the CFPCCT composite column, the spiral steel bar is arranged as a hoop reinforcement in the cementitious tube before its prefabrication. Following this, the concrete is poured into the prefabricated cementitious composite tube. The tube is able to provide lateral confinement and can carry the axial load, which is attributed to the strength of CFPCCT composite column. The effect of tube wall thickness on the behavior of CFPCCT is studied in this research. A total of eight short-scale CFPCCT composite columns, with three different tube wall thicknesses (25 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm), are tested under axial compressive load. The cementitious composite tube-confined specimens showed a 24.7% increment in load-carrying capacity compared to unconfined specimens. Increasing the wall-thickness had a positive impact on the strength and ductility properties of the composite column. However, poor failure behavior was observed for thicker tube wall. Therefore, concrete-filled cementitious composite tube columns can be considered as an alternative and effective way to construct prefabricated concrete columns

Compressive Strength of Palm Oil Waste Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Partial Cement Replacement

The increasing amount of by-product generated by Malaysian palm oil mills namely oil palm shell (OPS), palm oil clinker (POC) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) which are disposed without any profitable value at dumping site has caused huge land consumption and also pollution to the environment. Thus, this problem has lead towards researcher’s effort towards integrating these by-products in concrete production. Integrating POFA as partial cement replacement, OPS as coarse aggregate and POC as fine aggregate in lightweight aggregate concrete would reduce huge amount of waste disposed at the landfill. This paper addresses the compressive strength of palm oil waste lightweight aggregate concrete containing various percentage of POFA as partial cement replacement. Palm Oil Waste lightweight aggregate concrete mixes were produced by replacing various percentage of POFA ranging from 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively by weight of cement. In this investigation, all the specimens were prepared in form of cubes (100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm) and water cured until the testing age. The compressive strength test was carried out at 7 and 28 days following the procedures in BSEN 12390 – 3. The finding shows that specimen produced using 20% POFA exhibit encouraging result value of compressive strength as compared to control specimen. Incorporation of palm oil wastes as mixing ingredient in lightweight concrete production would reduce the amount of waste disposed thus ensuring ecological balance as well as sustainable environment for future generation

Sustainable Housing Using An Innovative Mortarless Interlocking Blockwork System – The Effect Of Palm Oil Fly Ash (Pofa) As An Aggregate Replacement

With the increase in material costs in the construction industry, there is a need to find more cost saving alternatives material so as to maintain the cost of constructing houses at prices affordable to clients. Universiti Malaysia Pahang in collaboration with industry partner, CCA Systems Sdn Bhd, has developed a building system which incorporates the interlocking load bearing block as its main feature, which consists of three different block types for the frame and wall system. Sustainability can be achieved by using Palm Oil Fly Ash (POFA) and recycled concrete and aggregate related construction waste as aggregates replacement in the interlocking load bearing block.This paper describes POFA as a replacement material in the production of the interlocking load bearing block. A number of mix proportions were tested and the compressive strength of the cube blocks on the 7th day and 28th day showed that POFA at the mix ratio of 1:6:2 and 1:5:3 (cement: sand: POFA) give optimum value of the compressive strength as replacing aggregates that satisfy the required strength to be used for construction of buildings. Using the formulated mixture, interlocking load bearing block is made using the CCA press, the resultant block is tested and the compressive strength is within the required specification for house construction. The design constraints and construction of a cafeteria building using the load bearing interlocking block is also presented

Properties of Aerated Concrete Containing Various Amount of Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Water Content and Binder Sand Ratio

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) which disposed as environmentally polluting waste in continuously increasing amount by Malaysian palm oil mills has lead towards the effort of studying the possibility of recycling this material. This paper presents results on the behaviour of this agro cement based aerated concrete upon usage of different ash replacement level, water content and binder sand ratio. Initially, cubes of (70.6x70.6x70.6mm) containing various replacement level of ash were produced and tested for it compressive strength. Then, the 20% replacement level of POFA which give the highest value were used for further studies. Then, the effect of water content and binder sand ratio were investigated by preparing cubes of (70.6x70.6x70.6mm) containing 20 percent ash replacement levels and tested for compression following the procedures in BS 1881 : Part 116. Integration of 20% POFA in aerated concrete lead to production of a new green product suitable for non structural application. Study also suggests appropriate water content is necessary to promote aeration process that is responsible for lightness of this material. However, integration of too much water content may promote rupture of pores and bleeding thus diminishes the strength of concrete. Sufficient cement is vital for the binding of the fine aggregates thus promoting concrete with good strength

Bending Behaviour of Semi Continuous Prefabricated Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) Floor Panels

Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) floor panel is a composite of dry board and profiled steel sheeting screwed together by means of self-tapping, self-drilling shear connectors. The system has been successfully implemented in many Malaysian construction projects. Recently, the PSSDB system has been expanded to be an easy to assemble prefabricated floor for rural school cabin construction. An innovative prefabricated panel consists of three PSSDB parts which are then screwed together on site to form a semicontinuous panel has been proposed. This paper describes the three distinct parts of the panel, their assembly and the experiment to study the bending behavior of the panel. The semi-continuous panel performance was also compared to that of a continuous panel. All together, six 3.0 m span samples were tested under a uniformly distributed load until failure. The semi-continuous panels showed a two-phase behavior whilst the continuous panels showed a threephase behavior under loading which were related to the time of cracking of the dry board and the buckling of the profiled steel sheeting. The mid span deflections were recorded and used to determine the stiffness of the panels. Results showed that the stiffness of the semi-continuous panels were half of that of the continuous panels. It can be concluded that the discontinued spanning of the profiled steel sheeting has severely reduced the overall semicontinuous panel stiffness. The 25 screws used in the 0.6 m middle connecting panel had shown to be quite insufficient to hold the whole semi continuous panel together. Therefore, the addition of screws with closer spacing is recommended to increase the panel stiffness