In vitro genotoxic effect of secondary minerals crystallized in rocks from coal mine drainage

Coal processing generates a large volume of waste that can damage human health and the environment. Often these wastes produce acid drainage in which several minerals are crystallized (evaporites). This study aimed to identify secondary minerals, as well as the genotoxic potential of these materials. The samples were collected at two sites along the Rocinha River in Santa Catarina state (Brazil): (1) directly from the source of the acid drainage (evaporite 1), and (2) on the river bank (evaporite 2). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and by particle-induced X-ray emission techniques. In vitro genotoxicity testing using Comet assay and Micronucleus test in V79 cells was used to evaluate evaporite samples. Our study also used System Biology tools to provide insight regarding the influence of this exposure on DNA damage in cells. The results showed that the samples induced DNA damage for both evaporites that can be explained by high concentrations of chromium, iron, nickel, copper and zinc in these materials. Thus, this study is very important due to the dearth of knowledge regarding the toxicity of evaporites in the environment. The genetic toxicity of this material can be induced by increased oxidative stress and DNA repair inhibition

Obese rats are more vulnerable to inflammation, genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by coal dust inhalation than non-obese rats

Obesity is an important nutritional disorder worldwide. Its association with environmental pollution may trigger an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. Coal is a resource used throughout the world as an important fuel source for generating electricity. The ashes released by the coal combustion cause serious problems for human health due to their high toxicity and their capacity to bioaccumulate. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of coal dust inhalation in the organs of obese and non-obese Wistar rats. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, oxidative damage, histological analysis, comet assay, and micronuclei were investigated. Both obesity and coal dust inhalation increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and decreased HSP70 levels in serum, however, in obese animals that inhaled coal dust these changes were more pronounced. Liver histological analysis showed severe microvesicular steatosis in obese animals that inhaled coal dust. Lung histologic investigation showed abnormalities in lung structure of animals exposed to coal dust and showed severe lung distensibility in obese animals exposed to coal dust

Avaliação genotóxica in vitro de minerais cristalizados sobre rochas presentes em drenagens de mina de carvão

Submitted by Jakeline Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-10-19T22:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 apnordin.pdf: 598173 bytes, checksum: e62a500fca4fa2db7bf0a81b00683700 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T22:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 apnordin.pdf: 598173 bytes, checksum: e62a500fca4fa2db7bf0a81b00683700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015A Região Sul do país dispõe da maior reserva de carvão mineral, com aproximadamente 28,8 bilhões de toneladas. Atualmente, o estado com a segunda maior produção de carvão mineral é Santa Catarina. Tanto as atividades de extração como de beneficiamento do carvão acabam gerando um grande volume de rejeitos, sendo que na maioria dos casos esses rejeitos são manuseados/descartados de maneira incorreta, gerando danos não apenas a saúde humana, mas também ao solo, rios, atmosfera e nos organismos vivos em geral. Muitas vezes esses rejeitos, formam drenagens ácidas e em tal ambiente, acabam sendo cristalizados diversos minerais, ainda pouco estudados pela ciência toxicológica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar minerais secundários, bem como o potencial genotóxico das amostras coletadas de drenagem de mina de carvão (DMC) que desaguam no Rio Rocinha (SC). Para identificar este potencial foram aplicados ensaios de genotoxicidade (ensaio Cometa e teste de Micronúcleo), em células V79. A caracterização das amostras foram desenvolvidas por difração de Raio-X e a composição química das amostras foram realizadas através da técnica de Emissão de raios X induzida por partículas (PIXE). De acordo com os resultados foi possível observar que as amostras 1 e 2, por serem mais concentradas em evaporitos e em elementos potencialmente tóxicos, induziram dano ao DNA (P<0,05) apresentando, portanto, um potencial genotóxico, quando comparadas ao controle negativo. Esse aumento de dano pode ser explicado devido o incremento das concentrações de elementos como Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni e Zn nas amostras. Estes elementos são encontrados em grande quantidades e por estarem presentes como elementos majoritários em minerais altamente solúveis em água, tornaram, as amostras genotóxicas em células V79.The South Region has the largest coal reserves, with about 28.8 billion tons. Currently, the state with the second largest coal production is Santa Catarina. Both extraction activities such as coal beneficiation end up generating a large volume of waste, and in most cases these wastes are handled / disposed of incorrectly, causing damage not only to human health but also to the soil, rivers, atmosphere and living organisms in general. Often these wastes, form acidic drainage and in such an environment, end up being several minerals crystallized, still little studied by toxicological science. The objective of this study was to identify such secondary minerals, as well as the genotoxic potential of samples of coal mine drainage (DMC) which flow into the Rio Rocinha (SC). To identify this potential were applied genotoxicity assays (comet assay and micronucleus test) in V79 cells. The characterization of samples was developed by X-ray diffraction and chemical composition of the samples was made by emission technique of X-ray induced by particles (PIXE). According to the results it was observed that samples 1 and 2, to be more concentrated in evaporates and potentially toxic elements, induced DNA damage (P <0.05), thus presenting a genotoxic potential, when compared to the control negative. Such damage increase can be explained by the increase of concentrations of elements such as Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn in the samples. These elements are found in large amounts and are present as the major mineral components in highly soluble in water, they have made the genotoxic samples in V79 cells