Učinci šest tjedana treninga dubinskih skokova i skokova s pripremom na pijesku na mišićni zamor i izvedbu

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of six weeks of depth jump (DJ) vs countermovement jump (CMJ) training on sand on muscle soreness, jump, sprint, agility and leg press strength. Thirty healthy men (age 20.4±1.1 years; height 177.4±5.1 cm; and mass 72.8±9.7 kg) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: DJ training group (n=10), CMJ training group (n=10) or control group (n=10). The experimental groups performed either DJ or CMJ training two days a week for six weeks. The training program included five sets of 20 repetitions DJ (from the height of a 45-cm box) or CMJ exercise onto 20 cm of dry sand. Assessments of Vertical Jump Test (VJT), Standing Long Jump Test (SLJT), 20 and 40 m sprints, T-Test (TT), Illinois Agility Test (IAT), and one-repetition maximum Leg Press (1RMLP) were performed a week before and following the 6-week training period. Muscle soreness was also measured pre, immediately post, 24 and 48 hours after the first and last training sessions. Significant increases were observed in both the DJ and CMJ groups in VJT (16.2 vs. 13.5%), and SLJT (13.9 vs. 14.4%) (p.05). These observations may have considerable practical relevance for the optimal design of plyometric training programs, given that DJ and CMJ training on sand is effective for improving muscular performance.Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi učinke šestotjednog treninga dubinskih skokova u odnosu na skokove s pripremom na pijesku na mišićni zamor, izvedbu skokova, sprinta, agilnost i snagu nožnog potiska. Za sudjelovanje u istraživanju volontiralo je 30 ispitanika (dob: 20,4±1,1 godina; tjelesna visina: 177,4±5,1 cm; tjelesna težina: 72,8±9,7 kg) koji su slučajnim odabirom raspoređeni u jednu od tri grupe: grupu koja je trenirala dubinske skokove (n=10), grupu koja je trenirala skokove s pripremom (n=10) ili kontrolnu grupu (n=10). Ispitanici u eksperimentalnim grupama provodili su trening dubinskih skokova ili trening skokova s pripremom dva puta tjedno tijekom šest tjedana. Program treninga uključivao je pet serija po 20 ponavljanja dubinskih skokova (saskok sa sanduka visine 45 cm) ili skokova s pripremom na suhom pijesku dubine 20 cm. Tjedan dana prije treninga te nakon šest tjedana treninga provedena su mjerenja visine vertikalnog skoka, skoka udalj s mjesta, sprinta na 20 i 40 metara, razine agilnosti pomoću T-testa i Illinois Agility Testa te 1RM u testu nožni potisak. Razina mišićnog zamora također je bila mjerena prije, odmah nakon, 24 i 48 sati nakon prvog i posljednjeg treninga. Značajna povećanja u visini vertikalnog skoka (16,2 vs. 13,5%) i skoku udalj s mjesta (13,9 vs. 14,4%) (p<0,05) zabilježena su u grupi koja je trenirala dubinske skokove, odnosno skokove s pripremom. Značajna smanjenja vremena sprinta na 20 (8,5 vs. 7,4%) i 40 (6,1 vs. 3,8%) metara, T-testu (9,3 vs. 12%) i Illinos Agility Testu (9,2 vs. 10,6%) zabilježena su u obje eksperimentalne grupe. Značajno povećanje 1RM u testu nožni potisak zabilježeno je samo u grupi koja je provodila trening skokova s pripremom. Ista grupa zabilježila je i statistički značajno veći osjećaj mišićnog zamora u mišiću rectus femoris 48 sati nakon prvog treninga nego grupa koja je provodila trening dubinskih skokova i kontrolna grupa. Nisu zabilježene statistički značajne razlike u osjećaju zamora između grupa nakon posljednjeg treninga. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pridonijeti dizajniranju optimalnih programa pliometrijskog treninga, s obzirom na činjenicu da su oba eksperimentalna tipa treninga na pijesku pokazala učinkovitost u poboljšanju mišićnih performansi

Effect of a Neuromuscular Training on Knee Valgus, Range of Motion and Muscle Strength of Soccer Players With Dynamic Knee Valgus

Background and Aims The present study aims to investigate the effect of a neuromuscular training program on knee valgus angle, and range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength of hip and ankle in male adolescent football players with dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Valgus knee is one of the most common neuromuscular abnormalities that is involved in causing non-contact damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 25 adolescent male football players with DKV who were purposefully selected from Shahin Football Academy in Amol, Iran and randomly divided into two groups of control and training. The existence of DKV was assessed by Squats test and the valgus angle were assessed by jump-landing test and Kinovea software. The abduction and external rotation strength and ROM of hip and the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength and ROM of ankle were evaluated with Manual Muscle Testing and a goniometer, respectively. After performing the pre-test assessments, the subjects in the training group performed neuromuscular training for 8 weeks, while the control group also participated in the physical fitness program of Shahin Football Academy. At the end, assessments were performed again in two groups. To examine the differences, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used in SPSS software, version 24. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results showed a significant difference in knee valgus angle (P=0.001), abduction ROM of hip (P=0.01), external rotation ROM of hip (P=0.01), dorsiflexion ROM of ankle with knee extension (P=0.001), dorsiflexion ROM of ankle with knee flexion (P=0.001), hip abduction strength (P=0.002), hip external rotation strength (P=0.01), and plantarflexion strength of ankle (P=0.03) between the control and training groups. However, the results showed no significant difference in plantarflexion ROM of ankle and dorsiflexion strength of ankle (P>0.05). After one month, the results showed the sustainability of the effect of training on abduction and external rotation ROM of hip, dorsiflexion ROM of ankle with knee extension and flexion, and dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength of ankle.Conclusion The neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of non-contact ACL injury in male football players with DKV by improving strength and ROM of hip and ankle

اثر تمرينات پرش فرود پیشرونده با رویکرد پیشگیری از آسیب بر عملکرد مردان بسکتباليست با نقص والگوس زانو

Background and Objectives: One of the goals of jump landing exercises is to “improve performance” also; knee valgus defect can affect the performance of functional activities and alter the function of lower extremities muscles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive jump landing exercises with an injury prevention approach on the performance of male basketball players with valgus defects. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental and interventional type (jump-landing exercises) with a pre-test and post-test design. The population of the present study consisted of all male basketball players with dynamic valgus deformity of the knee in Mazandaran province in the age range of 16 to 20 years and 24 basketball players were purposefully selected and divided into experimental and control groups. After obtaining written consent and identifying individuals with dynamic knee valgus by the squat test, the Y test, modified T-test, and the Sargent test were used to assess the balance, agility, and lower extremity explosive power, respectively. For analyzing data, the covariance test was used with the pre-test factor as a covariate. Results: The results of the present study showed that jump landing exercises have a significant effect on improving dynamic balance (p = 0.001), agility (p = 0.001), and lower limb explosive power (p = 0.001) in the experimental group. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, performing 6 weeks of jump landing exercises has led to improved dynamic balance, agility, and explosive power of the lower limbs. Therefore, progressive jump landing exercises can be recommended to improve performance in basketball players with dynamic knee valgus. How to cite this article: Ghobadi-Nezhad S, Hosseini SH, Norasteh AA. The Effect of Progressive Jump Landing Exercises with Injury Prevention Approach on the Performance of Male Basketball Players with Knee Valgus Defect. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(1):67-79.سابقه و هدف: یکی از اهداف تمرینات پرش فرود « بهبود عملکرد» می باشد. همچنین نقص والگوس زانو می تواند بر اجرای فعالیت های عملکردی اثر بگذارد و عملکرد عضلات اندام تحتانی را تغییر دهد. لذا هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر تمرينات پرش فرود پيشرونده با رویکرد پیشگیری از آسیب بر عملکرد مردان بسکتباليست با نقص والگوس زانو بود. روش بررسی: پژوهش از نوع نیمه تجربی و مداخله ای (تمرینات پرش- فرود)، با یک طرح پیش آزمون پس آزمون بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را کلیه بازیکنان مرد بسکتبالیست با نقص والگوس پویا زانوی استان مازندران در دامنه سنی بین 16 تا 20 سال تشکیل دادند و تعداد 24 بسکتبالیست به صورت هدف دار انتخاب شده و به دو گروه تجربی و کنترل تقسیم شدند. پس از اخذ رضایت نامه کتبی و شناسایی افراد دارای والگوس پویا زانو توسط آزمون اسکات جفت پا، برای ارزیابی تعادل، چابکی و قدرت انفجاری اندام تحتانی به ترتیب از آزمون تعادل Y ، آزمون T اصلاح شده و آزمون سارجنت استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها، از آزمون کوواریانس با عامل پیش آزمون به عنوان کووریت استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد تمرینات پرش فرود اثر معناداری بر بهبود تعادل پویا (p = 0.001)، چابکی (p = 0.001) و قدرت انفجاری اندام تحتانی &nbsp;در گروه تجربی داشت (p = 0.001). نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، اجرای 6 هفته تمرینات پرش فرود منجر به بهبود تعادل پویا، چابکی، قدرت انفجاری اندام تحتانی شده است. بنابراین می توان تمرینات پرش فرود پیشرونده را جهت بهبود عملکرد در بسکتبالیست های دارای والگوس پویا زانو توصیه نمود. How to cite this article: Ghobadi-Nezhad S, Hosseini SH, Norasteh AA. The Effect of Progressive Jump Landing Exercises with Injury Prevention Approach on the Performance of Male Basketball Players with Knee Valgus Defect. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(1):67-79

Reliability of B-mode ultrasonography for abdominal muscles in asymptomatic and patients with acute low back pain

The purpose of this methological study was to develop a reliable method for measuring transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles in asymptomatic human subjects and patients with acute low back pain (ALBP). This was a single operator reliability design study using ultrasound imaging to measure muscle thickness in 27 subjects on three separate occasions. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to analyze muscle thickness. The mean, SD, ICC and SEM for external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles in asymptomatic subjects were (5.38, 1.64, 0.96, 0.33), (9.35, 3.42, 0.97, 0.073), (4.36, 1.93, 0.81, 0.45), (10.8, 2.18, 0.85, 0.84), respectively. The mean, SD, ICC, SEM for external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles in patients with ALBP were (5.58, 0.97, 0.87, 0.35), (9.72, 1.92, 0.87, 0.31), (4.36, 1, 0.91, 0.3), respectively. Earlier study on ultrasonographic measurement for neck multifidus muscles has suggested that the reliability of muscle thickness is higher in asymptomatic subjects compared with those in the symptomatic subjects. However, the present study showed high reliability for both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. This difference may be related to non-atrophic changes in abdominal muscles in acute low back patients. The results of this study indicate that the measurement of abdominal muscle thickness with B-mode ultrasonography can be performed reliably even in patients with ALBP. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effects of Bene (Pistacia atlantica) on Histopathology of Testis, Sperm Chromatin Quality and Stress Oxidative in Busulfan-Induced Infertile Mice

Background: Some plants stimulate spermatogenesis and increase fertility, while some cause spermatogenesis arrest. So far, the effects of bene (Pistacia atlantica) on male fertility have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bene on sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, sperm quality, and oxidative stress in busulfan-induced infertile mice. Methods: Thirty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control, sham, busulfan, bene, and bene + busulfan groups. The busulfan group received 10 mg/kg as a single dose and intraperitoneally. The bene group received pellets containing 10% of bene. Another group received 10 mg/kg busulfan and was fed with pellet containing 10% bene. Then, sperms, sperm chromatin quality, testicular histopathology, and oxidative stress levels were studied on the 35th day of the experiment. Results: Busulfan injection resulted in a significant reduction in sperm parameters compared to the control group (p<0.001); it decreased after bene administration (p<0.001). In addition, in the group treated with bene, the sperm count with damaged DNA was reduced and the level of malondialdehyde decreased compared to the busulfan group. A significant increase was observed in the mean level of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in the bene + busulfan group compared to the busulfan group (p<0.001). The histopathological improvement of the testis was observed in the bene + busulfan group. Conclusion: The administration of 10 mg/kg of bene powder for 35 days reduced the oxidative stress, improved testicular histopathology, sperm chromatin quality, and sperm parameters in the infertile mice model

Reliability of measuring abductor hallucis muscle parameters using two different diagnostic ultrasound machines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diagnostic ultrasound provides a method of analysing soft tissue structures of the musculoskeletal system effectively and reliably. The aim of this study was to evaluate within and between session reliability of measuring muscle dorso-plantar thickness, medio-lateral length and cross-sectional area, of the abductor hallucis muscle using two different ultrasound machines, a higher end Philips HD11 Ultrasound machine and clinically orientated Chison 8300 Deluxe Digital Portable Ultrasound System.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The abductor hallucis muscle of both the left and right feet of thirty asymptomatic participants was imaged and then measured using both ultrasound machines. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate both within and between session intra-tester reliability. Standard error of the measurement (SEM) calculations were undertaken to assess difference between the actual measured score across trials and the smallest real difference (SRD) was calculated from the SEM to indicate the degree of change that would exceed the expected trial to trial variability.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ICCs, SEM and SRD for dorso-plantar thickness and medial-lateral length were shown to have excellent to high within and between-session reliability for both ultrasound machines. The between-session reliability indices for cross-sectional area were acceptable for both ultrasound machines.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of the current study suggest that regardless of the type ultrasound machine, intra-tester reliability for the measurement the abductor hallucis muscle parameters is very high.</p

تأثیر تمرینات تعادلی اختصاصی در خانه بر عملکرد راه رفتن و تعادل مردان سالمند

Background and Objectives: Deficiency in balance and subsequent gait disorders in Old age is one of the main problems of the elderly, so the design of sports exercises to improve balance and gait is very necessary. The main purpose of this study was to compare two types of specific and comprehensive balance exercises at home to improve balance and gait in healthy young elderly. Materials and Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 40 healthy elderly people between the ages of 60 and 75 years were randomly assigned to one of the groups of specific, comprehensive and control balance exercises. In the specific group, the exercises were based on the assessment of balance component disorders and the exercises of the comprehensive group were based on the assessment of balance component disorders in them. The duration of the study was ten weeks and three sessions per week. Balance disorders were assessed by BES test and TUG test, walking speed and functional gait were measured before and after exercise and one month of follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures test at a significance level of P≤0.5 were analyzed. Results: Applying specific and comprehensive balance exercises had a significant effect and significant improvement in TUG test, walking speed and functional gait in the two experimental groups compared to the control group in two stages of post-test and one-month follow-up (p &lt;0.05). Also, by examining the progress percentage scores among the two experimental groups in all research variables, there was an advantage over the specific balance exercises group at home. Conclusion: In general, specific and comprehensive balance home based exercise improves balance and gait in older men is healthy. Examining and evaluating the components of balance and its disorders can be helpful in choosing the type of exercise and further studies are necessary to achieve definitive results. How to cite this article: Mahjur M, Norasteh A. Comparison of Specific Balance Exercises at Home on Balanceand Gait Performance of Healthy Elderly Men. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(4):264-73.سابقه و هدف: نقص در تعادل و متعاقب آن اختلالات راه رفتن در دوران سالمندی از مشکلات اصلی سالمندان می باشد، لذا طراحی تمرینات ورزشی در جهت بهبود تعادل و راه رفتن بسیار ضروری می باشد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق تأثیر تمرینات تعادلی اختصاصی در خانه بر عملکرد راه رفتن و تعادل مردان سالمند جوان سالم بود. &nbsp; روش بررسی: در پژوهش نیمه تجربی حاضر تعداد 40 سالمند سالم بین سنین 60 تا 75 سال به طور تصادفی دریکی از گروه های تمرینات تعادلی اختصاصی، جامع و کنترل قرار گرفتند. در گروه اختصاصی، تمرینات بر اساس ارزیابی اختلال مؤلفه های تعادلی و تمرینات گروه جامع بدون توجه به ارزیابی اختلالات مؤلفه های تعادلی در آ نها بود. طول تحقیق ده هفته و هر هفته سه جلسه بود. ارزیابی اختلالات تعادلی به وسیله آزمون بِس انجام شد و آزمون های برپا- رو، سرعت راه رفتن و راه رفتن عملکردی قبل و بعد از تمرین و یک ماه پیگیری اندازه گیری شد. داده ها مورد با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس اندازه گیری مکرر در سطح معنی داری&nbsp; P≤0.5 تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. &nbsp; نتایج: اعمال تمرینات تعادلی اختصاصی و جامع تأثیر معنی دار و بهبود معنی دار در آزمون های برپا - رو، سرعت راه رفتن و راه رفتن عملکردی در دو گروه تجربی نسبت به گروه کنترل در دو مرحله پس آزمون و پیگیری یک ماهه داشتند (p &lt;0.05) . همچنین با بررسی نمرات درصد پیشرفت در میان دو گروه تجربی در تمامی متغیرهای تحقیق برتری با گروه تمرینات تعادلی اختصاصی در خانه بود. &nbsp; نتیجه گیری: به طورکلی برنامه تعادلی اختصاصی و جامع در خانه باعث بهبود در تعادل و راه رفتن مردان سالمند سالم می گردد. بررسی و ارزیابی مؤلفه های تعادلی و اختلالات آن می تواند در انتخاب نوع تمرین کمک کننده باشد و برای دستیابی به نتایج قطعی انجام مطالعات بیشتر ضروری است. How to cite this article: Mahjur M, Norasteh A. Comparison of Specific Balance Exercises at Home on Balanceand Gait Performance of Healthy Elderly Men. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(4):264-73

The Relationship between Neuromuscular Mechanisms and Static and Dynamic Balance of Soccer Players

Objective: The effective variables in maintaining balance come from sensory information that is obtained from sensory-visual, vestibular and visual systems, and is affected by coordination, range of motion and muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuromuscular mechanisms and the static and dynamic balance of soccer players. Methods: In an analytical observational study, among the football players of the Shahdari Tabriz Club, 45 people were selected to examine the relationship between strength, joint strength, proprioception and range of motion. The static equilibrium value was measured by means of the equilibrium error assessment (BESS), dynamic equilibrium by Y test, knee range of motion and proprioception using an electrogunometer and chest and hamstring muscle strength and joint force sensation using an isokinetic dynamometer it placed. Finally, using SPSS software version 19 and running the Pearson correlation coefficient, the relationship between variables was evaluated at the significance level of 0.05 Results: The results showed that there wouled be a significant relationship between extensor muscle strength and knee flexion, joint force sensation, proprioception and knee range with static and dynamic balance (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study imply that improvement of knee joint strength in soccer athletes may improve their static and dynamic balance