Settlement reduction of dredged marine soils (DMS) admixed with cement & waste granular materials (WGM): 1-D compressibility study

Dredged marine soils (DMS) are considered as geo-waste and commonly disposed far into the sea. Environmental impacts raised from dredging such as turbidity and disturbance of marine ecosystem had increased the social demand to reuse DMS in engineering application. Typically, DMS have low shear strength and low bearing capacity. Hence, the DMS could be strengthened up by soil solidification. In present study, waste granular materials (WGM) such as coal bottom ash (BA) and palm oil clinker (POC) were utilized as additional binder to cement. The DMS were solidified with 3 series of admixtures; namely cement and/or WGM. The factor that influenced the compressibility of the soil sample such as percentages of admixtures were considered. Proportioned samples of 10, 15 and 20 % of cement, and/or 50 and 150 % of WGM of dry weight of DMS were subjected to one-dimensional oedometer test. The test samples were cured for 7 days in room temperature. Results show that cement- and WGM-admixed DMS have reduced the soil’s compressibility considerably than the untreated sample. As expected, the cemented soil had significantly reduced the settlement better than WGM-admixed soil. Hence, homogeneous samples of 15C50BA and 10C100POC produced almost similar reduction of compressibility as sample 20C. Therefore, reusing WGM as partial replacement of cement in DMS could provide beneficial reuse of these materials

Experimental Evaluation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Green Mussel Shell (Perna viridis) Powder as an Admixture

Mussel shell is a type of waste that is generated abundantly. However, the presence of chemical components such as calcium (CaCO3) in mussel shells has shown its potential as filler materials in concrete designing. Therefore, this paper presents the experimental result for the physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% Mussel Shell Powder (MSP) as additional material under 2.73% sodium chloride solution. The MSP has been cleaned, grinded and sieved 75μm sizes in order to obtain its final product. Compressive strength, split tensile, and capillary water absorption were determined. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation and level of significance using IBM SPSS in determining the optimal mix design for modified concrete. The performance of MSP concrete and control specimens are the main factor that been observed in this study. The increment percentages of MSP in concrete had led to reduce on its mechanical strength, however improved in its absorption rates. According to statistical analysis, it shows that low MSP percentages giving a significant value for compressive strength and very strong correlation coefficient compared to control specimens, thus it indicated minimum MSP percentages are more potential in improving concrete physical and mechanical performance

Utilisation of Mussel Shell Ash and Palm Oil Leaves Ash as Admixture in Concrete

Mussel shell and palm oil leaves is a type of waste that generally undergo disposal process due to less-valuable materials. However, this waste are potentially to be used in concrete designing due to its cementing properties. Thus, this paper presenting the incorporation of mussel shell ash (MSA) and palm oil leaves ash (POLA) as an admixture in concrete.  MSA and POLA were obtained through grounding, burning and sieving process. As total, 84 concrete samples were mixed with different proportions of POLA (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%), MSA (1% and 2%) and K for control samples. All the samples were cured for 7 days and 28 days. The study was carried out to measure its physical and mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and capillary absorption analysis. While, its materials properties (MSA and POLA) were identified through its specific gravity test. The results demonstrated that B5 (1.5% POLA + 1% MSA) gave a good performance in concrete compressive strength on 7 and 28 days. Besides that, B5 also indicates a lower capillary water absorption compared to other specimens. Whereas B6 indicates a higher value for density analysis. Overall, the experimental result indicates that B5 does not giving any adverse effect on the concrete performance. Thus, it is prove that the utilisation of MSA and POLA as cementing materials are applicable in improving concrete strength and its durability accordingly to the selected percentages

Bonding Strength between Geopolymer Fly Ash to Ordinary Portland Cement Concretes using Mohr-Coulomb Theory

This paper presents an experimental study to analyse the bonding strength between geopolymer concrete (GC) and normal concrete (NC) bond substrate. Three different strengths of GC which were 80 MPa, 85 MPa and 90 MPa were bonded to 30 MPa NC and denoted as NC30-GC80, NC30-GC85 and NC30-GC90. Slant shear and split tensile tests were conducted to investigate the bonding strength between two different substrates. The effect of bonding was then determined by using Mohr-Coulomb theory where critical bonding condition (smooth surface) was created. From the analysis, it was found that NC30-GC80 had the most powerful self-adhesion between GC towards NC. This result indicated the highest bonding strength of GC to NC at critical condition. Such strong bond was obtained by the effect of self-adhesive from GC to NC. The self-adhesive characteristic which represented by pure shear strength was obtained from Mohr-Coulomb theory

Strength of Binary and Ternary Blended Cement Pastes Containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Metakaolin Exposed To Sodium Sulphate

The compressive strength of binary (BBCP) and ternary blended cement pastes (TBCP) containing Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Metakaolin (MK) exposed to 3 % sodium sulphate solution has been studied. The ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with POFA and MK on mass-for-mass basis. All specimens were first cured for 28 days in normal water and subsequently subjected to full immersion in sodium sulphate solution for 150 days for the compressive strength evaluation. The results show that partial replacement of cement with POFA and MK improved the durability of the cement pastes by reducing the damage caused by sulphate attack

Utilization of Cockle Shell (Anadara granosa) Powder as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Cement Brick

Waste from fishery sector such as seashells are widely used in construction and building materials in order to reduce waste quantity. This study investigates the utilization of cockle shell powder (CSP) as partial replacement for fine aggregates in producing cement brick (CB). Bricks specimen are designed with three different percentages of 5% (CSP5CB), 10% (CSP10CB) and 15% (CSP15CB) replacements including control cement brick (CCB). An analysis conduct in this study are included sieve and specific gravity for materials testing while compressive strength, density and water absorption are for harden specimens. A rectangular brick shape specimen with 200mm × 100mm × 100mm in volume were used then cured using tap water for 7 and 28 days. The result revealed that compressive strength for specimens containing CSP are higher compared to CCB specimens. Besides that, CSP brick given a higher density with 2381.25 kg/m3 and lower water absorption 0.31% contrast from control specimens. According to overall data collected, the optimum composition for CSP in cement brick was 5% which indicated higher compressive and lower water absorption. Thus, the incorporation of CSP as sand replacement in bricks could improve and enhance physical and mechanical developments of bricks with the increment of curing time

Utilisation of mussel shell ash and palm oil leaves ash as admixture in concrete

Mussel shell and palm oil leaves is a type of waste that generally undergo disposal process due to less- valuable materials. However, this waste is potentially to be used in concrete designing due to its cementing properties. Thus, this paper presenting the incorporation of mussel shell ash (MSA) and palm oil leaves ash (POLA) as an admixture in concrete. MSA and POLA were obtained through grounding, burning and sieving process. As total, 84 concrete samples were mixed with different proportions of POLA (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%), MSA (1% and 2%) and K for control samples. All the samples were cured for 7 days and 28 days. The study was carried out to measure its physical and mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and capillary absorption analysis. While, its materials properties (MSA and POLA) were identified through its specific gravity test. The results demonstrated that B5 (1.5% POLA + 1% MSA) gave a good performance in concrete compressive strength on 7 and 28 days. Besides that, B5 also indicates a lower capillary water absorption compared to other specimens. Whereas B6 indicates a higher value for density analysis. Overall, the experimental result indicates that B5 does not giving any adverse effect on the concrete performance. Thus, it is proved that the utilisation of MSA and POLA as cementing materials are applicable in improving concrete strength and its durability accordingly to the selected percentage

The Influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as Cement Replacement on the Properties of Sand Cement Brick

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cement manufacturing contribute significantly to greenhouse gases. However, cement manufacture is necessary since a vast number of bricks are required to satisfy residential housing demand. Considering this crucial environmental impact, cement is encouraged to form futuristic civilizations. Cement replacement is ideally a good proposition to produce green and sustainable sand cement brick to reduce CO2 emissions. This study investigates the influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a partial cement replacement of sand cement brick. The percentages replacement of GGBS are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% by mass of the cement with mix design ratio of 1:3 and 0.6 water cement ratio. All the bricks were curing up to 90 days. This research investigates the material characterization of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and GGBS such as specific gravity, particle size distribution and microscopy analysis. The water absorption test and compressive strength of bricks were also carried out for its durability and mechanical properties. The experimental results indicate that the optimum replacement of GGBS in sand cement brick is in range of 10% to 50% which has a potential for application in the masonry production industry

Experimental Evaluation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Green Mussel Shell (Perna viridis) Powder as an Admixture

Mussel shell is a type of waste that is generated abundantly. However, the presence of chemical components such as calcium (CaCO3) in mussel shells has shown its potential as filler materials in concrete designing. Therefore, this paper presents the experimental result for the physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% Mussel Shell Powder (MSP) as additional material under 2.73% sodium chloride solution. The MSP has been cleaned, grinded and sieved 75μm sizes in order to obtain its final product. Compressive strength, split tensile, and capillary water absorption were determined. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation and level of significance using IBM SPSS in determining the optimal mix design for modified concrete. The performance of MSP concrete and control specimens are the main factor that been observed in this study. The increment percentages of MSP in concrete had led to reduce on its mechanical strength, however improved in its absorption rates. According to statistical analysis, it shows that low MSP percentages giving a significant value for compressive strength and very strong correlation coefficient compared to control specimens, thus it indicated minimum MSP percentages are more potential in improving concrete physical and mechanical performance