Dentin Dysplasia: A Review

Objectives Dentin dysplasia (DD) is a rare disorder, which is not accentuated in dental practice. DD has 2 types. Type I is manifested by tooth mobility, short roots, reduced pulp space and normal crowns. Type II or coronal DD is characterized by normal crowns in permanent teeth but discolored crowns in primary teeth. Denticles are detectable in the pulp chamber of teeth in type II DD. Many uncertain aspects of this condition include its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment planning. For a long time, extraction of mobile teeth was the main possible choice, which would lead to psychosocial problems that needed psychological interventions. The present study aimed to collect and classify the recent information on DD.Methods An electronic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar from 1977 to 2018. Duplicates were eliminated and the retrieved articles and relevant textbooks were thoroughly reviewed.Results Although DD has an unknown etiology, it is known for a fact that it has a hereditary trait. The present article provides some information about DD, including possible etiological factors, clinical, radiographic and histological manifestations, diagnosis and current treatment options.Conclusion Management of DD is based on preservation of teeth in the oral cavity and may vary from preventive and piecemeal care to tooth extraction and regenerative pulp therapy

The Compliance of Selected Toothpastes Beam, Sensodyne, Crest, Unique, Colgate to the Global Standard of Fluoride Content

Objectives One of the economical ways of dental caries prevention is using fluoride containing toothpastes. For fluoride to be effective in toothpastes, significant amount of fluoride need to be in solution form. Global standard of fluoride content of toothpastes is 1500 ppm (part per million).This study aimed to determine fluoride content of some special toothpastes.Methods This research was cross-sectional and laboratory study. In this study five brands of different toothpastes including: Crest, Sensodyne, Colgate, Unique, Beam were provided and total fluoride of each was determined using ion-selection method and then the fluoride content of each brand compared to the global standard amount. The data was analyzed byone sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance.Results Sensodyne had 735 ppm, Beam got 76.12, Colgate got 1195 ppm, Unique got 426 ppm and lastly Crest had 1605.70 amount of fluoride in their composition. Quantitative analysis indicated total fluoride content of Sensodyne, Beam, Unique were significantly below global standard at 0.05 level (p<0.05) in terms of fluoride content whereas total fluoride content of Crest and Colgate had no significant difference with global standard (p<0.05).Conclusion The results showed that Crest and Colgate met the standard of global fluoride conten

Intra-oral low level laser therapy in chronic maxillary sinusitis: a new and effective recommended technique

Background: Chronic sinusitis is one of the most common chronic diseases involving different age groups. Because the nature and etiology of chronic sinusitis are not completely known, there is not any standard treatment for this disease. It has been suggested that low-level laser can be used in treating chronic sinusitis but there are limited studies about its usage. In this research, intra-oral radiation of low-level laser has been described and implemented for the first time. Suggested hypotheses about the efficacy of this type of radiation (intra-oral) in treating chronic maxillary sinusitis includes this fact that the depth of maxilla’s vestibule is also the floor of maxillary sinus and sinus discharges collect in this area because of gravity effect. Therefore, with considering suitable radiation angle, this area gets the most benefits of laser’s anti-inflammatory effects. Material and Methods: In this study, 20 patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis were included. They were assessed before and after treatment. Treatment plan was performed in 8 sessions every other days using low-level diode laser with 810 nm. Snot-22 questionnaire and rhinomanometry were used for evaluating patients. Changes of signs and symptoms were recorded in questionnaire every session and 6 months after treatment. Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analyses. In this study, P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All variables and all symptoms of patients were improved using intra-oral low-level laser and this improvement was statistically significant ( P value<0.05). There was also significant decrease in nasal airway resistance and significant increase in air flow ( P value<0.05). Six month after treatment completion, there was no significant difference between the results of completion and the results of 8th treatment session ( P value< 0.05). Conclusions: Using intra-oral low-level laser is a suitable way to treat patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis

A 62-year-old Man with Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma of Maxilla: A Rare Case

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor that induces formation of osteoid or immature bone and rarely occurs in maxilla. Maxillofacial OSs are reported to occur in the third to fifth decades that is 1-2 decades later than the mean age for OS of long bones. The present case is a 62-year-old man with facial asymmetry and pain in his left upper jaw. Intraoral examination showed a bony hard, tender swelling about 50 x 60 mm in diameter in the maxillary alveolar ridge extending unilaterally from the maxillary incisor to the molar region which had expanded the buccal and palatal aspects of alveolar ridge. Computed tomography showed a hyper dense mass in the left maxilla extending to maxillary sinus. The diagnosis of OS was confirmed by histopathologic evaluation. Following the initial surgery, a local recurrence developed in the facial region of the patient within 18 months. Radiographic evaluation of OS of maxilla is important for diagnosis. Early diagnosis and radical surgery are the keys to increasing survival rate

Use of Saliva for Diagnosis of Diseases

Background and Aim : Timely diagnosis is an important factor in successful treatment of diseases. In . this regard, non-invasive sampling methods such as salivary analysis may be of great help in assessment of diseases and treatment outcomes .  Currently, introduction of new techniques for salivary analysis has increased its potential as a new diagnosing tool .   Materials and Methods : The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) was the first to propose the role of saliva in diagnosis and assessment of diseases. Since then, several studies have been conducted in this respect. This review article aims to evaluate the results of these studies to provide a brief insight on the correlation of saliva with different oral and systemic diseases. Key words namely saliva, biomarkers, oral diseases and systemic diseases were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Scopus and Medline databases and articles relevant to the use of saliva for evaluation and detection of various diseases published during 1950-2011 were collected .   Results : Salivary analysis increases the collaboration between dentists and physicians and can be used for detection of some systemic conditions .   Conclusion: This review study discusses the role of saliva in detection of different oral and systemic conditions and emphasizes its importance