Circular Statistical Analysis Of Wind Direction And Wind Speed On Ozone Concentration

______________________________________________________________ The rapid development along with increased population and transportation usage has deteriorated air quality status in Malaysia. The purpose of this research is to predict and modelling the casual relationship between circular and linear variables using probability density functions and regression analysis. The observations were made at Shah Alam, Prai, Pasir Gudang and Jerantut station over ten years period from 2004 until 2013 respectively. Mean values for O3 concentrations at all locations did not exceed MAAQG level limit. Circular density and wind rose plot were used to describe the characteristics of wind direction including mean direction, mean resultant length and concentration. This study suggested the presence of prominent wind that were blowing from north and south direction of Peninsular Malaysia due to southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon. Four distributions function were fitted to the wind direction data and it was found that wrapped Cauchy fit the data very well based on mean chord length. The analysis was further conducted with circular-linear correlation, circular-linear regression and multi linear regression model. Most of positive correlations were found between wind direction and O3 concentration in all stations during daytime and nightime. From the circular – linear regression, O3 concentration were predicted from wind direction and the results showed that few values in Shah Alam station exceeded the permissible limit by MAAQG (0.06 ppm). Prediction model were continued with multi linear regression by including the sine and cosine of wind direction as independent variables as well as wind speed variable. It was found that nighttime models provide better accuracy than daytime

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PROTECTION TECHNIQUES IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

Power supply is important to provide sufficient and stable power needed by the load. In order to provide power with high reliability, it is important to maintain the stability of the operation. Therefore, the internal circuitry of the power supply should be included with a protection system. In this project, overvoltage, overcurrent and switching protection will be installed in AC-to-DC Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS). The SMPS is developed by combining a 3-phase full-bridge rectifier with a flyback converter. The multiple outputs isolated SMPS topology can be obtained by using three sets of transformer’s secondary winding. To improve the power efficiency and reduce the switching losses, zero current switching (ZCS) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) circuit will be implemented at the controlling switch of the converter. The crowbar circuit will be used to protect the circuits from overvoltage whilst for overcurrent, a sensor will be used to sense the overcurrent having a high resistance path to limit the current. It is found that by applying the overvoltage protection, the voltage that exceeds 240 V can be reduced to around 12 V

Online communication and sustainability reporting: the managerial issues

The use of online communication to disclose sustainability efforts is becoming widespread especially in the technological advancement era. It involves communicating any sustainability related information via the internet, particularly on websites. There are managerial issues associated with the initiative use of online communication for sustainability reporting, even though it brings many benefits to companies in terms of increased transparency, reputation, trust, information accuracy, faster information dissemination and many more. In addition to this, the level of sustainability reporting via online communication is found to be low, which means that this communication method is not well utilized. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the opinions of managers towards using online communication to report sustainability efforts and the managerial issues associated to it. As sustainability reporting is common among public listed companies, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of various backgrounds from these companies. The results revealed that the fostering of sustainability reporting via online communication was viewed as a positive effort from the perspective of respondents; however, there were some managerial issues. These issues are categorized as leader’s confidence, personal constraints and external factors. Most reporting and disclosure studies focus on performance metrics and other data driven factors, whereas this study took a different leap in focusing on managers, who are also the corporate players. Hence this study provides a new insight on online communication, focusing on how organizational leaders can have an impact on the setting of sustainability reporting and the dilemmas they are facing

Micro funds and its contribution to micro enterprises / Noorain Afif

This study is obtaining to determine the contributions of micro funds to microenterprises. Feedback from people in micro enterprises on their experience in getting the micro financing for their micro enterprises will be use as a result for the study. The rising challenges in current economic had made the government to enhance the credit facilities to the SMEs including the micro enterprises. It is vital because of the micro enterprises had a huge potion in our economy and keep rising until now. Besides that, the mandate under the new Central Bank Act 2009 is strategically focused compare to Central Bank Act 1958 which the mandates are broadly defined in this research, we will focus more on the role of central bank in promoting sound, progressive and inclusive financial system. This refers to the establishment of microfinancing to small businesses that had allowed the small businesses in reaching for source of financing

Motivation among Muslim in paying Zakat on income at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah / Natasha Noorain binti Kosno

Different with alms (sedeqah), zakat is one of the pillars which every Muslim obligatory to pay it according to person's eligibility whereby alms, matter which been encourage to perform by religious. Parallel with nowadays development, transaction of paying zakat much easier compare to the period of Nabi Muhammad SAW. However, lack of motivation among Muslim in paying zakat shows from the number of people paying zakat. For this research, it focus more on zakat on income which the common transaction among working people. Aim for this study to determine and find out what possibly can makes a person to pay zakat on income. The researcher used survey questionnaire to colle,ct data from potential respondents and from the results, there are four reasons that influence a person to perform zakat on income which are job sector, obligation, reward, and zakat institution. The first reason, obligation with the highest score of mean, 4.83, shows Muslim agreed they responsibility towards religious matter makes them pay their zakat in income. Followed by reward, with 4.68 mean, next 4.53 mean, belongs to zakat institution and last but not least, 4.26 mean by job sector. In other words, to practice zakat on income not only due obligation towards religious alone but job sector that person gets involved with together with zakat institution play important role to enhance the number payer of zakat. Allah says in surah al Baqarah (2:110), "And be steadfast in prayer and regular in charity: And whatever good ye send forth for your souls before you (ye shall find it with God: for God sees Well all that ye do ...

Towards facilitated optimisation

Optimisation modelling in healthcare has addressed a diverse range of challenges inherent to decision-making and supports decision-makers in determining the best solution under a variety of constraints. In contrast, optimisation models addressing planning and service delivery issues in mental healthcare have received limited attention. Mental healthcare services in England are routinely facing issues relative to scarcity of available resources, inequities in their distribution, and inefficiencies in their use. Optimisation modelling has the potential to support decision making and inform the efficient utilisation of scare resources. Mental healthcare services are a combination of several subsystems and partnerships comprising of numerous stakeholders with a diversity of interests. However, in optimisation literature, the lack of stakeholder involvement in the development process of optimisation models is increasingly identified as a missed opportunity impacting the practical applicability of the models and their results. This thesis argues that simulation modelling literature offers alternative modelling approaches that can be adapted to optimisation modelling to address the shortcoming highlighted. In this study, we adapt PartiSim, a multi-methodology framework to support facilitated simulation modelling in healthcare, towards facilitated optimisation modelling and test it using a real case study in mental healthcare. The case study is concerned with a Primary Care Mental Healthcare (PCMH) service that deploys clinicians with different skills to several General Practice (GP) clinics. The service wanted support to help satisfy increasing demand for appointments and explore the possibility of expanding their workforce. This research puts forward a novel multimethodology framework for participatory optimisation, called PartiOpt. It explores the adaptation and customisation of the and PartiSim framework at each stage of the optimisation modelling lifecycle. The research demonstrates the applicability and relevance of a 'conceptual model' to optimisation modelling, highlighting the potential of facilitated optimisation as a methodology. This thesis argues for the inclusion of conceptual modelling in optimisation when dealing with real world practice-based problems. The thesis proposes an analytics-driven optimisation approach that integrates descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics stages. This approach is utilised to construct a novel multi-skill multi-location optimisation model. By applying the analytics-driven optimisation approach to the case study, previously untapped resource potential is uncovered, leading to the identification of various strategies to improving service efficiency. The successful conceptualisation of an optimisation model and the quantitative decision support requirements that emerged in the initial stages of the study drive the analytics-driven optimisation. Additionally, this research also presents a facilitative approach for stakeholder participation in the validation, experimentation, and implementation of a mathematical optimisation model. Reflecting on the adaptation and subsequent amendments to the modelling stages, the final PartiOpt framework is proposed. It is argued that this framework could reduce the gap between theory and practice for optimisation modelling and offers guidance to optimisation modellers on involving stakeholders in addressing real world problems

STABILITY INDICATING ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF MEMANTINE HCl AND DONEPEZIL HCl USING RP-HPLC

Objective: To develop and validate stability indicating method for the analysis of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on Hypersil BDS (4.6 x 150 mm, 5m) using Sodium dihydrogen ortho phosphate: Acetonitrile (30:70v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection of both the eluents was carried out by UV Detector.Results: The Retention time of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl were found to be 2.833 min. and 4.777 min respectively. Method was found to be linear over the range of 40-120μg/ml for Memantine HCl and 20-60μg/ml for Donepezil HCl. Percentage recovery of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl was found to be 99.62% and 99.45% respectively. The percentage purity thus found is 98.5% and 98.6% for Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl. The Limit of Detection of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl is 3.69 mg/ml and 2.72 mg/ml. and Limit of Quantification of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl is 11.13 mg/ml and 8.25 mg/ml respectively. In the stress degradation studies, it was found that Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl showed no degradation in acid (0.1M HCl), base (0.1M NaOH), peroxide, heat and sunlight.Conclusion: A new sensitive, simple, and stability indicating high performance layer chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for determination of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl. The proposed method can be used for routine determination of Memantine HCl and Donepezil HCl stability.Â

A Randomised Comparative Study between King vision video Laryngoscope and conventional Direct Macintosh Laryngoscope for Nasotracheal intubation

INTRODUCTION: Nasotracheal intubation is routinely done for oral and maxillofacial surgeries to avoid interference with the surgical field and to provide good accessibility for the surgeon to operate while the patient is under anaesthesia. Direct laryngoscopes for Nasotracheal intubation, require the patient’s neck to be extended and most of the time Magill’s forceps to guide the endotracheal tube into the glottis. Cuff inflation technique was described for blind nasal intubation where inflating the cuff of the endotracheal tube lifts the tube anteriorly and it’s guided to the laryngeal inlet and then the cuff is deflated and the tube introduced into the trachea. The use of King Vision videolaryngoscope for Nasotracheal intubation using cuff inflation technique, allows for intubation without the need for airway instrumentation and avoiding the complications such has airway trauma and cuff perforation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare intubation difficulty score, hemodynamic stress response , successful placement of endotracheal tube and complication between Macintosh laryngoscope and King Vision laryngoscope during nasotracheal intubation. METHODOLOGY: Eighty patients of age group 10-60 years of ASA physical status one and two undergoing elective Surgeries under general anaesthesia requiring Nasotracheal intubation were included in the study and randomized into two groups. After obtaining ethical committee clearance and informed written consent from the patients or the parents of the patients the study was conducted. After premedication and induction, Patients in Group ML, Nasotracheal Intubation with Direct Macintosh laryngoscope using Magill’s forceps was done and patients of Group KL, Nasotracheal Intubation with King Vision video laryngoscope using cuff inflation technique was done. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS: Age, gender, ASA physical status and Mallampatti class were comparable between the two groups. Intubation difficulty score was comparable between the two groups. Cormack Lehane grade was better and reduced hemodynamic stress response was noted in king Vision group (p=0.001). Time taken for laryngoscopy and time taken for intubation were significantly longer in King Vision group. CONCLUSION: Nasotracheal intubation with King vision video laryngoscopes using cuff inflation technique is a good alternative to conventional direct Macintosh laryngoscope using Magill’s forceps in terms of providing better laryngeal view, lesser hemodynamic response and lesser complications

Application of Discrete-Event Simulation for Planning and Operations Issues in Mental Healthcare

Mental health disorders are on the rise around the world. Inadequate service provision and lack of access have led to wide gaps between the need for treatment and service delivery. Despite the popularity of Discrete-event Simulation (DES) in healthcare planning and operations, there is evidence of limited application of DES in planning for mental healthcare services. This paper identifies and reviews all the papers that utilize DES modelling to address planning and operations issues in mental healthcare services. The aim is to contribute a roadmap for the future application of DES in mental healthcare services, with an emphasis on planning and operations

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PROTECTION TECHNIQUES IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT

Power supply is important to provide sufficient and stable power needed by the load. In order to provide power with high reliability, it is important to maintain the stability of the operation. Therefore, the internal circuitry of the power supply should be included with a protection system. In this project, overvoltage, overcurrent and switching protection will be installed in AC-to-DC Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS). The SMPS is developed by combining a 3-phase full-bridge rectifier with a flyback converter. The multiple outputs isolated SMPS topology can be obtained by using three sets of transformer’s secondary winding. To improve the power efficiency and reduce the switching losses, zero current switching (ZCS) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) circuit will be implemented at the controlling switch of the converter. The crowbar circuit will be used to protect the circuits from overvoltage whilst for overcurrent, a sensor will be used to sense the overcurrent having a high resistance path to limit the current. It is found that by applying the overvoltage protection, the voltage that exceeds 240 V can be reduced to around 12 V