LIPUS effect on lateral tooth movement

Introduction: Because mechanical stimulation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to increase the speed of bone remodeling, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of LIPUS stimulation on the rate of tooth movement and bone remodeling during lateral tooth movement. Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The LIPUS group received experimental tooth movement with LIPUS stimulation, and the tooth movement (TM) group had experimental tooth movement without LIPUS. For the LIPUS and TM groups, the upper right first molars were moved labially with fixed appliances. LIPUS exposure was placed in the region corresponding to the right maxillary first molar. Three days after tooth movement, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was examined. Fourteen days after tooth movement, the intermolar width, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were examined by micro computed tomography (micro-CT), and newly formed bone was measured histomorphometrically. Results: The number of TRAP-positive cells at the compressed region was obviously greater in the LIPUS group. The intermolar width was significantly greater in the LIPUS group than in the TM group. The alveolar bone around the maxillary first molar showed no differences in BMC or BV/TV between the LIPUS and TM groups. The LIPUS group exhibited a significantly greater amount of newly formed alveolar bone than the TM group. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of LIPUS on the lateral tooth movement

Impact of the semiconductor on hexagonal-BN structure for power-supply on chip applications

This paper evaluates the semiconductor on hexagonal-BN (h-BN) structure for power-supply on chip applications based on numerical simulations. Hexagonal-BN is used as an insulator of semiconductor -on-insulator (SOI) structure. Hexagonal-BN based SOI structure with through-silicon-via(TSV) shows higher heat dissipation performance without degrading electrical characteristics compared with the conventional SOI structure.2018 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials(SSDM2018), September9-13, 2018, Hongo Campus, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japa

A Phenotypic Analysis of Involucrin-Membrane-Bound Ovalbumin Mice after Adoptive Transfer of Ovalbumin-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells

To investigate the mechanism of autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance in the skin, several transgenic mouse strains expressing membrane-bound ovalbumin (mOVA) as an epidermal self-antigen under the control of keratinocyte-specific promotors, such as keratin 5 and keratin 14, were employed in combination with adoptive transfer of CD8⁺ T cells from OT-I mice (OT-I T cells) that recognize an ovalbumin-derived peptide. However, these strains showed bodyweight loss and required additional inflammatory stimuli, such as γ-irradiation and tape-stripping, to induce skin inflammation. In this study, we generated a mouse strain expressing mOVA under the control of human involucrin promoter (involucrin-mOVA mice). In contrast to previous strains, involucrin-mOVA mice spontaneously developed skin inflammation after the transfer of OT-I T cells in the absence of external stimuli without significant bodyweight loss. We focused on the skin infiltration process of OT-I T cells and found that transferred OT-I T cells accumulated around the hair follicles in the early phase of skin inflammation, and in the later phase, the skin inflammation spontaneously resolved despite the remaining OT-I T cells in the skin. Our involucrin-mOVA mice will provide a promising tool to investigate the pathogenesis and the tolerance mechanisms of cytotoxic skin autoimmunity

日本における統計学の発展 第４０巻

昭和55，56，57年度文部省科学研究費総合（A）研究代表者西平重喜による速記録話し手：柴田, 銀次郎聞き手：野村, 良樹1977-10-2

An oxyl/oxo mechanism for dioxygen bond formation in PSII revealed by X-ray free electron lasers

Photosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II (PSII) with linear progression through five S-state intermediates (S0 to S4). To reveal the mechanism of water oxidation, we analyzed structures of PSII in the S1, S2, and S3 states by x-ray free-electron laser serial crystallography. No insertion of water was found in S2, but flipping of D1 Glu189 upon transition to S3 leads to the opening of a water channel and provides a space for incorporation of an additional oxygen ligand, resulting in an open cubane Mn4CaO6 cluster with an oxyl/oxo bridge. Structural changes of PSII between the different S states reveal cooperative action of substrate water access, proton release, and dioxygen formation in photosynthetic water oxidation

Capturing structural changes of the S-1 to S-2 transition of photosystem II using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography

Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-induced water oxidation through an S-i-state cycle, leading to the generation of di-oxygen, protons and electrons. Pumpprobe time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) has been used to capture structural dynamics of light-sensitive proteins. In this approach, it is crucial to avoid light contamination in the samples when analyzing a particular reaction intermediate. Here, a method for determining a condition that avoids light contamination of the PSII microcrystals while minimizing sample consumption in TR-SFX is described. By swapping the pump and probe pulses with a very short delay between them, the structural changes that occur during the S-1-to-S-2 transition were examined and a boundary of the excitation region was accurately determined. With the sample flow rate and concomitant illumination conditions determined, the S-2-state structure of PSII could be analyzed at room temperature, revealing the structural changes that occur during the S-1-to-S-2 transition at ambient temperature. Though the structure of the manganese cluster was similar to previous studies, the behaviors of the water molecules in the two channels (O1 and O4 channels) were found to be different. By comparing with the previous studies performed at low temperature or with a different delay time, the possible channels for water inlet and structural changes important for the water-splitting reaction were revealed

The incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in Japanese inpatients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study

Background/AimsVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), regarded as an independent risk factor for VTE according to reports from Western countries. However, the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Asian IBD patients are not fully understood. We aimed to reveal the incidence and risk factors of VTE in Japanese IBD inpatients.MethodsThe incidence of VTE in inpatients with IBD (n=340), gastrointestinal cancers (n=557), and other gastrointestinal diseases (n=569) treated at our hospital from 2009 to 2013 was retrospectively investigated. The characteristics and laboratory data of IBD inpatients with and without VTE were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Clinical courses of VTE in IBD were surveyed.ResultsVTE was detected in 7.1% of IBD inpatients, significantly higher than in gastrointestinal cancer inpatients (2.5%) and inpatients with other gastrointestinal diseases (0.88%). The incidence of VTE in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (16.7%) was much higher than that in those with Crohn's disease (3.6%). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors were an older age, central venous catheter, prednisolone, surgery, low serum albumin, high serum C-reactive protein and D-dimer. According to a multivariate analysis, >50 years of age and surgery were the only risk factors. The in-hospital mortality rate of IBD inpatients with VTE was 4.2%.ConclusionsThe incidence of VTE with IBD, especially UC, was found to be high compared with other digestive disease, which was almost equivalent to that of Western countries. The efficacy of prophylaxis needs to be investigated in Asian IBD patients