2,401 research outputs found
Optical Spectropolarimetry and Asphericity of Type Ic SN 2007gr
We present optical spectropolarimetric observations of Type Ic supernova (SN)
2007gr with Subaru telescope at 21 days after the maximum brightness (~37 days
after the explosion). Non-zero polarization as high as ~3% is observed at the
absorption feature of Ca II IR triplet. The polarization of the continuum light
is ~0.5% if we estimate the interstellar polarization (ISP) component assuming
that the continuum polarization has a single polarization angle. This suggests
that the axis ratio of the SN photosphere projected to the sky is different
from unity by ~10%. The polarization angle at the Ca II absorption is almost
aligned to that of the continuum light. These features may be understood by the
model where a bipolar explosion with an oblate photosphere is viewed from the
slightly off-axis direction and explosively synthesized Ca near the polar
region obscures the light originated around the minor axis of the SN
photosphere. Given the uncertainty of the ISP, however, the polarization data
could also be interpreted by the model with an almost spherically symmetric
photosphere and a clumpy Ca II distribution.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Properties of Type II Plateau Supernova SNLS-04D2dc: Multicolor Light Curves of Shock Breakout and Plateau
Shock breakout is the brightest radiative phenomenon in a Type II supernova
(SN). Although it was predicted to be bright, the direct observation is
difficult due to the short duration and X-ray/ultraviolet-peaked spectra. First
entire observations of the shock breakouts of Type II Plateau SNe (SNe IIP)
were reported in 2008 by ultraviolet and optical observations by the {\it
GALEX} satellite and supernova legacy survey (SNLS), named SNLS-04D2dc and
SNLS-06D1jd. We present multicolor light curves of a SN IIP, including the
shock breakout and plateau, calculated with a multigroup radiation
hydrodynamical code {\sc STELLA} and an evolutionary progenitor model. The
synthetic multicolor light curves reproduce well the observations of
SNLS-04D2dc. This is the first study to reproduce the ultraviolet light curve
of the shock breakout and the optical light curve of the plateau consistently.
We conclude that SNLS-04D2dc is the explosion with a canonical explosion energy
ergs and that its progenitor is a star with a zero-age
main-sequence mass and a presupernova radius . The
model demonstrates that the peak apparent -band magnitude of the shock
breakout would be mag if a SN being identical to
SNLS-04D2dc occurs at a redshift , which can be reached by 8m-class
telescopes. The result evidences that the shock breakout has a great potential
to detect SNe IIP at z\gsim1.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal Letter
Multipole expansion for magnetic structures: A generation scheme for symmetry-adapted orthonormal basis set in crystallographic point group
We propose a systematic method to generate a complete orthonormal basis set
of multipole expansion for magnetic structures in arbitrary crystal structure.
The key idea is the introduction of a virtual atomic cluster of a target
crystal, on which we can clearly define the magnetic configurations
corresponding to symmetry-adapted multipole moments. The magnetic
configurations are then mapped onto the crystal so as to preserve the magnetic
point group of the multipole moments, leading to the magnetic structures
classified according to the irreducible representations of crystallographic
point group. We apply the present scheme to pyrhochlore and hexagonal ABO3
crystal structures, and demonstrate that the multipole expansion is useful to
investigate the macroscopic responses of antiferromagnets
Trigger and Reconstruction for a heavy long lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector
Long lived charged particles are predicted by many models of physics beyond the standard model (SM). The common signature of such models is a heavy long-lived charged particle with velocity smaller than the speed of light, beta<1. This unique signature makes the search for it model independent. This paper presents methods developed as part of the ATLAS trigger and reconstruction chain for identifying slow particles and measuring their mass. The efficacy of these methods is demonstrated using two models that are different in every aspect except for the existence of long lived charged particles; A GMSB model that includes sleptons with a mass of 100 GeV, and R-Hadrons with a mass of 300 GeV produced in a split SUSY model
A massive star origin for an unusual helium-rich supernova in an elliptical galaxy
The unusual helium-rich (type Ib) supernova SN 2005E is distinguished from
any supernova hitherto observed by its faint and rapidly fading light curve,
prominent calcium lines in late-phase spectra and lack of any mark of recent
star formation near the supernova location. These properties are claimed to be
explained by a helium detonation in a thin surface layer of an accreting white
dwarf (Perets et al. 2010). Here we report on observations of SN 2005cz
appeared in an elliptical galaxy, whose observed properties resemble those of
SN 2005E in that it is helium-rich and unusually faint, fades rapidly, shows
much weaker oxygen emission lines than those of calcium in the well-evolved
spectrum. We argue that these properties are best explained by a core-collapse
supernova at the low-mass end () of the range of massive stars
that explode (Smartt 2009). Such a low mass progenitor had lost its
hydrogen-rich envelope through binary interaction, having very thin oxygen-rich
and silicon-rich layers above the collapsing core, thus ejecting a very small
amount of radioactive Ni and oxygen. Although the host galaxy NGC 4589
is an elliptical, some studies have revealed evidence of recent star-formation
activity (Zhang et al. 2008), consistent with the core-collapse scenario.Comment: Accepted by Nature (24 March 2010), 32 pages including Supplementary
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A protective role of gamma/delta T cells in primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice.
We have previously reported that T cells bearing T cell receptors (TCRs) of gamma/delta type appear at a relatively early stage of primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice. To characterize the early-appearing gamma/delta T cells during listeriosis, we analyzed the specificity and cytokine production of the gamma/delta T cells in the peritoneal cavity in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes. The early-appearing gamma/delta T cells, most of which were of CD4-CD8- phenotype, proliferated and secreted IFN-gamma and macrophage chemotactic factor in response to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or recombinant 65-kD heat-shock protein derived from M. bovis but not to heat-killed Listeria. To further elucidate the potential role of the gamma/delta T cells in the host-defense mechanism against primary infection with Listeria, we examined the effects of in vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TCR-gamma/delta or TCR-alpha/beta on the bacterial eradication in mice infected with Listeria. Most of alpha/beta T cells or gamma/delta T cells were depleted in the peripheral lymphoid organs at least for 12 d after an intraperitoneal injection of 200 micrograms TCR-alpha/beta mAb or 200 micrograms TCR-gamma/delta mAb, respectively. An exaggerated bacterial multiplication was evident at the early stage of listerial infection in the gamma/delta T cells-depleted mice, whereas the alpha/beta T cell-depleted mice exhibited much the same resistance level as the control mice at this stage although the resistance was severely impaired at the late stage after listerial infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
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