Psychological disorders inwomen with spontaneous preterm delivery

Background: Preterm delivery is a major cause of mortality in infants. The prevalence of preterm delivery is rising over time. Psychological disorders have been associated with preterm delivery. In this study, we aimed to compare the frequency of psychological disorders among women with spontaneous preterm versus term delivery. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, psychological disorders in 60 women, who experienced spontaneous term delivery and in 60 women who had spontaneous preterm delivery (gestational age of less than 37 weeks) were examined, using symptom checklist-90-revised questionnaire (SCL-90-R) in Akbarabadi teaching hospital during 2014. The question scales were compared between the two groups, using Chi 2 test and independent t-test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.58±4.26, and 23.90±4.71 in preterm-delivery and term-delivery groups, respectively (P value = 0.22). The mean score of Symptom checklist-90-revised questionnaire (SCL-90-R) was 102.21 (±35.81) in women with preterm delivery, and it was 59.14±22.17 in women with term delivery, which was significantly different (P value < 0.001). In addition, the total score and the score for all the subscales of psychological disorder were higher in women with preterm delivery (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: Psychological disorders in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Therefore, future studies should focus on finding ways to lower psychological disorders in late pregnancy. © 2016, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Shared psychotic manic syndrome in monozygotic twins: A case report

Objective: A rare phenomenon of Shared Psychosis Disorder occurring in the context of Bipolar I Disorder, in identical twins is reported. Case Presentation: Two identical twins with shared Psychotic Manic Syndrome were admitted and received antipsychotic and lithium as their treatment. Psychotic symptoms of primary case did not improve and her diagnosis changed into Schizophrenia. They had hypothyroidism at the same time. Conclusion: Completely shared manic syndrome along with the psychotic features shows a need for the criteria of shared syndromes to develop, including both psychotic and mood symptoms

An explanatory model of depression among female patients in Fars, Kurds, Turks ethnic groups of Iran

Background: Depressive disorder is globally estimated to be as many as one in five visits to primary health care. Approximately more than 50 of depressed women in primary care are not diagnosed. As a part of a major investigation into perceptions of women's depression, this study explored how female patients and their relatives conceptualize patients' conditions in three ethnic groups in Iran (Fars, Kurds and Turks). Methods: Qualitative methods were used for data collection. Depressed women and their relatives were purposively selected from the public psychiatric clinics affiliated to university of medical sciences in the three study cities. Twentyfive depressed women and 14 relatives were interviewed in three ethnic groups. Results: One theme "illness meaning", including three categories: perceived symptoms, label of the illness, and effects of the illness was found through the content analysis. The participants perceived symptoms of illness as somatic and psychological depending on the participant's assumed reason for the onset of the illness. There were most similarities in term used for of the illness in the three ethnic groups. Most of the study participants described the illness in terms of nerve problems/illness, and depression "afsordehgi". The most important effects that depressed women had experienced because of their illness were marital conflict or a guilt feeling originating from their inability to support family. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to recognize and choose appropriate diagnostic approach for depressed women in the context of Iran

Non-compliance and related factors in patients with bipolar I disorder: A six month follow-up study

Background: Medication treatment compliance among bipolar patients is quite widespread. Objectives: Treatment compliance depends on multiple factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predicting factors of noncompliance in patients with bipolar I disorder admitted to an Iranian hospital during a six-month follow up period. MaterialsandMethods: This cross-sectional study included 47 bipolar I disorder subjectswhowereadmitted to the Iran psychiatric hospital and that were chosen using a non-randomized convenient sampling model. The patients were assessed at baseline, and at two and six months after admission. For evaluating the patients, we used the medication possession ratio (MPR), the drug attitude inventory (DIA-10), the young mania rating scale (Y-MRS) and the scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS). The data were analyzed using a general linear model by SPSS 16 software. Results: The repeated measures analysis revealed that medication compliance increased successively (P = 0.045), and age, gender and symptom severity did not alter the pattern. Conclusions: There is an increasing pattern in treatment compliance in bipolar I disorder patients, regardless of the known predicting factors for nonadherence. © 2016, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Mothers� narratives of their infants� feeding problems and comparing infant feeding styles

Background & Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare feeding problems, infant eating behavior, and feeding styles between infants with and without feeding problems according to their mothers� narratives. Methods: In this casual-comparative study, 50 mother-infant dyads were selected using convenient sampling. The infants� ages ranged between 6 to 12 months. After matching, the infants were classified into two separate groups of infants with and without feeding problems according to their mothers� narratives. The Feeding Problem, Child Eating Behavior (CEBQ), and Infant Feeding Style (IFSQ) questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: Infants with feeding problems had less desire for and enjoyment in food, slower feeding rate, and more emotion-dependent eating. Moreover, mothers of infants with feeding problems had less responsible feeding styles and more negligent beliefs and behaviors toward feeding their children, and applied more force and pressure in feeding their infants. Conclusion: The findings of this study could be considered by specialists in preventive and therapeutic programs for eating problems in infants. © 2016, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Epigenetic and genetic aberrations of the brain dopaminergic system in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Achievements and prospective

The molecular mechanisms of the fact that more than 50 of the individuals with the same genetic make up (e.g. identical twins in schizophrenia) do not show the same psychiatric phenotype remained undefined in psychiatry. This along with the failure to find responsible genes with major effects in psychiatric disorders and lack of consistency of genetic association studies led to the current unanimous conclusion that, in addition to the genetic factors, environmental and epigenetic factors influence the functions of brain and the presentation of the symptoms in mental diseases. Here we reviewed the potential epigenetic dysregulations of genes related to dopaminergic (DAergic) system. A comprehensive genetic and epigenetic analysis of the DAergic and the interacting pathways such as serotoninergic and glutaminergic systems could help to understand the molecular bases of the differences in disease severity in individuals with similar or identical genetic make-up that can assist for the identification of novel targets with therapeutic and preventive applications

Comparison of gender roles in male and female in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with control group and it's correlation with severity of clinical symptoms

Introduction: The objective of this research was to compare the gender masculine and the gender feminine roles in patients with borderline personality disorder and control group. This study was aimed to determine the correlation coefficient of the gender masculine and the gender feminine roles with severity of borderline personality disorder. Methods: In this case-control study, 17 males and 25 females with borderline personality disorder, and 22 males and 18 females in control group were examined. To evaluate the sex roles, the Bem sex role inventory (BSRI) and the gender masculine (GF) and gender feminine (GF) roles derived from the Minnesota Multi-Stage Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were used. The borderline personality disorder and its severity were diagnosed using a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV for personality disorders (SCID-II). Pearson correlation coefficient and variance analysis were used to analyze the findings. Results: According to GM inventory, no significant difference was found between the male patients and control group subjects. No significant difference was found between female patients and control group subjects and between male patients and two groups of women. Based on the GF inventory, the femininity of male and female patients and control group of men was less than that of control group of women. Based on BSRI, gender masculine traits score was significantly higher in men and women with borderline personality disorder than those in control group of men and control group of women. In gender fem-inine trait score, control group of women obtained higher scores than both of control group of men and men with borderline personality disorder. There was no significant difference between control group of women and women with borderline personality disorder. There was a significant correlation between the severity of borderline personality disorder in women and gender masculine trait score based on the Bem sex roles index (BSRI) (r=0.410, p=0.042). Conclusion: Men with borderline personality disorder had more masculinity than control group of men, although they showed no significant difference with control group based on sex role. Higher masculinity was associated with more severe personality disorder in women. © 2019 Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension. All rights reserved

An Explanatory Model of Depression among Female Patients in Fars, Kurds, Turks Ethnic Groups of Iran

Background: Depressive disorder is globally estimated to be as many as one in five visits to primary health care. Approximately more than 50 of depressed women in primary care are not diagnosed. As a part of a major investigation into perceptions of women's depression, this study explored how female patients and their relatives conceptualize patients' conditions in three ethnic groups in Iran (Fars, Kurds and Turks). Methods: Qualitative methods were used for data collection. Depressed women and their relatives were purposively selected from the public psychiatric clinics affiliated to university of medical sciences in the three study cities. Twenty-five depressed women and 14 relatives were interviewed in three ethnic groups. Results: One theme "illness meaning", including three categories: perceived symptoms, label of the illness, and effects of the illness was found through the content analysis. The participants perceived symptoms of illness as somatic and psychological depending on the participant's assumed reason for the onset of the illness. There were most similarities in term used for of the illness in the three ethnic groups. Most of the study participants described the illness in terms of nerve problems/illness, and depression "afsordehgi". The most important effects that depressed women had experienced because of their illness were marital conflict or a guilt feeling originating from their inability to support family. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to recognize and choose appropriate diagnostic approach for depressed women in the context of Iran

Methamphetamine-induced psychosis is associated with DNA hypomethylation and increased expression of AKT1 and key dopaminergic genes

Methamphetamine, one of the most frequently used illicit drugs worldwide, can induce psychosis in a large fraction of abusers and it is becoming a major problem for the health care institutions. There is some evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors may play roles in methamphetamine psychosis. In this study, we examined methamphetamine-induced epigenetic and expression changes of several key genes involved in psychosis. RNA and DNA extracted from the saliva samples of patients with methamphetamine dependency with and without psychosis as well as control subjects (each group 25) were analyzed for expression and promoter DNA methylation status of DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, MB-COMT, GAD1, and AKT1 using qRT-PCR and q-MSP, respectively. We found statistically significant DNA hypomethylation of the promoter regions of DRD3 (P = 0.032), DRD4 (P = 0.05), MB-COMT (P = 0.009), and AKT1 (P = 0.0008) associated with increased expression of the corresponding genes in patients with methamphetamine psychosis (P = 0.022, P = 0.034, P = 0.035, P = 0.038, respectively), and to a lesser degree in some of the candidate genes in non-psychotic patients versus the control subjects. In general, methamphetamine dependency is associated with reduced DNA methylation and corresponding increase in expression of several key genes involved in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. While these epigenetic changes can be useful diagnostic biomarkers for psychosis in methamphetamine abusers, it is also consistent with the use of methyl rich diet for prevention or suppression of psychosis in these patients. However, this needs to be confirmed in future studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Bipolar disorder patients follow-up (BDPF): Methods and materials

BACKGROUND: The Bipolar Disorder Patients Follow-up (BDPF) project is a longitudinal, prospective and naturalistic study. The purpose of the present report is to introduce the project, elaborate its methods, and present the reliability data of the utilized symptoms rating scales. METHODS: The sampling started in May 2008 and is still in progress. The probands are assessed at the beginning of the sampling and then 2 and 6 months later and then every 6 months using several instruments to identify psychiatric comorbidities, symptoms severity, quality of life, attempted suicide rate, treatment compliance, and some other factors. RESULTS: The results could lead to increase the clinicians' awareness about the clinical picture of this disorder in Iranian patients. CONCLUSIONS: The present project could decrease to some extent the current shortcomings in Iran's psychiatric data at least about one of the major psychiatric disorders known as the eighth result which cause medical disability over the world