342 research outputs found
Robust PEDOT:PSS WetâSpun Fibers for Thermoelectric Textiles
To realize thermoelectric textiles that can convert body heat to electricity, fibers with excellent mechanical and thermoelectric properties are needed. Although poly(3,4âethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is among the most promising organic thermoelectric materials, reports that explore its use for thermoelectric fibers are all but absent. Herein, the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of wetâspun PEDOT:PSS fibers are reported, and their use in energyâharvesting textiles is discussed. Wetâspinning into sulfuric acid results in waterâstable semicrystalline fibers with a Young\u27s modulus of up to 1.9 GPa, an electrical conductivity of 830 S cmâ1, and a thermoelectric power factor of 30 ÎŒV mâ1 Kâ2. Stretching beyond the yield point as well as repeated tensile deformation and bending leave the electrical properties of these fibers almost unaffected. The mechanical robustness/durability and excellent underwater stability of semicrystalline PEDOT:PSS fibers, combined with a promising thermoelectric performance, opens up their use in practical energyâharvesting textiles, as illustrated by an embroidered thermoelectric fabric module
Tumor Volume Reduction Rate during Adaptive Radiation Therapy as a Prognosticator for Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Toward High Conductivity of Electrospun Indium Tin Oxide Nanofibers with Fiber Morphology Dependent Surface Coverage: Postannealing and Polymer Ratio Effects
High
electrical conductivity of metal oxide thin films needs uniform
surface coverage, which has been the issue for the thin films based
on electrospun nanofibers (NFs) that have advantage over the sputtered/spin-coated
films with respect to large surface area and mechanical flexibility.
Herein, we investigated a reduction in the sheet resistance of electrospun
indium tin oxide (ITO) NF films with improved surface coverage. We
found that the surface coverage depends significantly on the electrospinnable
polymer concentration in the precursor solutions, especially after
post-hot-plate annealing following the infrared radiation furnace
treatment. The postannealing process increases crystallinity and oxygen
vacancies. However, with a higher PVP content, it makes the surface
of ITO NFs more prominently rough as a result of the formation of
larger sphere-shaped ITO particles on the NF surface, which gives
rise to poor surface coverage. A less polyÂ(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)
content in ITO NF films by electrospinning for short deposition times
was found to improve surface coverage even after postannealing. The
sheet resistance notably decreases, down to as low as 350 Ω/sq,
with a high transmittance of over 90%. Our study provides an understanding
on how to achieve high electrical conductivity of ITO NF films with
high surface coverage, which can be utilized for the optoelectronic
and sensing applications
Impact of Hydroxyl Groups Boosting Heterogeneous Nucleation on Perovskite Grains and Photovoltaic Performances
Surface
energy is a key factor in controlling the kinetics of nucleation
and growth of perovskite, which are crucial for the formation of high
quality films and the photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells. It has
been reported that substrate wettability and perovskite grain size
are to be compromised with necessity, as promoted heterogeneous nucleation
that occurs on a hydrophilic surface reduces the grain size for a
two-step deposition method. Herein, the increase in grain size on
hydrophilic surfaces in the presence of hydroxyl groups and the direct
correlation between the perovskite grain formation and photovoltaic
performance are investigated. The surface energy of the hole transport
layer in planar pâiân type perovskite solar cells is
modulated by the introduction of polymer surfactant additive, polyÂ(ethylene
glycol) tridecyl ether (PTE). Perovskite films deposited on a hydrophilic
surface by a two-step method contain small grain size, leading to
a reduction in photovoltaic performance. In contrast, surface hydroxyl
groups were found to induce the preferential (110) orientation and
large grain size in the perovskite films deposited by means of a one-step
method. Nucleation and growth mechanisms are proposed to explain those
different behaviors of the dependence of grain size on surface energy.
The enlarged perovskite grains on hydrophilic surfaces lead to an
efficiency improvement owing to an increase in the short-circuit current
and fill factor. Our study highlights that the grain size increase
and high crystallinity can be achieved even with accelerated heterogeneous
nucleation on a hydrophilic substrate surface
Overexpression of HIF1α and CAXI predicts poor outcome in early-stage triple negative breast cancer
Dysregulated energy metabolism is one of the main mechanisms for uncontrolled growth in solid tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1 alpha) is a transcription factor implicated in regulating several genes that are responsible for cell metabolism, including carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). The aim of this study is to determine the clinical significance of immunohistochemical metabolic alteration in early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who received cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy or radiotherapy and those with basal phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF1 alpha and CAIX was performed to determine the correlation with clinicopathologic variables and survival outcome on tissue microarrays from 270 early-stage TNBC patients. In vitro experiments with multiple human TNBC cell lines, suppression of HIF1 alpha by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced CAIX protein expression in all cell lines. In multivariate analyses for different therapeutic modalities and basal phenotype, combined HIF1 alpha and CAIX protein overexpression was significantly associated with disease-free survival in the total cohort (OR = 2.583, P = 0.002), stratified cohorts expressing basal phenotype (OR = 2.234, P = 0.021), and in those patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 3.078, P = 0.023) and adjuvant radiotherapy (OR = 2.111, P = 0.050), respectively. In early TNBC, combined HIF1 alpha and CAIX protein expression may serve as an unfavorable prognostic indicator particularly in patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy or radiotherapy as well as those with basal phenotype of breast cancer
Definitive Bimodality Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Inoperable N2-positive Stage IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Salvage Concurrent Chemo-radiation Therapy for Loco-regional Recurrence Following Curative Surgery of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at â s = 5.02 and 13 TeV
The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and
2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of âs=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within 0.8pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having
|η|2GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at âs=13TeV.
Measurement of the angle between jet axes in PbPb collisions at TeV
International audienceThis letter presents the first measurement of the angle between different jet axes (denoted as ) in PbPb collisions. The measurement is carried out in the 010% most-central events at TeV. Jets are assembled by clustering charged particles at midrapidity using the anti- algorithm with resolution parameters and and transverse momenta in the intervals GeV/ and GeV/, respectively. Measurements at these low transverse momenta enhance the sensitivity to quarkgluon plasma (QGP) effects. A comparison to models implementing various mechanisms of jet energy loss in the QGP shows that the observed narrowing of the PbPb distribution relative to pp can be explained if quark-initiated jets are more likely to emerge from the medium than gluon-initiated jets. These new measurements discard intra-jet broadening as described in a model calculation with the BDMPS formalism as the main mechanism of energy loss in the QGP. The data are sensitive to the angular scale at which the QGP can resolve two independent splittings, favoring mechanisms that incorporate incoherent energy loss
First measurement of the -dependence of incoherent J/ photonuclear production
International audienceThe first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ vector meson as a function of the Mandelstam variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, , using ultra-peripheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken- range . Cross sections are reported in five intervals in the range ~GeV and compared to the predictions of different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a -dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data
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