Keberhasilan Okulasi Varietas Jeruk Manis Pada Berbagai Perbandingan Pupuk Kandang

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas dan takaran pupuk kandang terhadap keberhasilan okulasi pada tanaman jeruk telah dilaksanakan bulan Maret-Juli 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah varietas jeruk yang terdiri dari 2 macam yaitu varietas Keprok So E dan varietas Keprok Tejakula. Faktor kedua adalah perbandingan tanah dan pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk kandang, tanah + pupuk kadang (1 : 1), tanah + pupuk kadang (1 : 2), dan tanah + pupuk kadang (2 : 1), sehingga diperoleh 8 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali dan total percobaan adalah 24 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Keprok Tejakula menghasilkan persentase okulasi jadi, persentase bibit mati, panjang tunas, dan jumlah daun pada tunas yang lebih baik. Perbandingan tanah dan pupuk kandang 1 : 1 memberikan waktu mencapai 50% tumbuh tunas, persentase okulasi jadi, persentase bibit mati, panjang tunas, jumlah daun pada tunas, dan diameter tunas okulasi yang lebih baik dibanding dengan dosis lainnya

Bats in the anthropogenic matrix: Challenges and opportunities for the conservation of chiroptera and their ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes

Intensification in land-use and farming practices has had largely negative effects on bats, leading to population declines and concomitant losses of ecosystem services. Current trends in land-use change suggest that agricultural areas will further expand, while production systems may either experience further intensification (particularly in developing nations) or become more environmentally friendly (especially in Europe). In this chapter, we review the existing literature on how agricultural management affects the bat assemblages and the behavior of individual bat species, as well as the literature on provision of ecosystem services by bats (pest insect suppression and pollination) in agricultural systems. Bats show highly variable responses to habitat conversion, with no significant change in species richness or measures of activity or abundance. In contrast, intensification within agricultural systems (i.e., increased agrochemical inputs, reduction of natural structuring elements such as hedges, woods, and marshes) had more consistently negative effects on abundance and species richness. Agroforestry systems appear to mitigate negative consequences of habitat conversion and intensification, often having higher abundances and activity levels than natural areas. Across biomes, bats play key roles in limiting populations of arthropods by consuming various agricultural pests. In tropical areas, bats are key pollinators of several commercial fruit species. However, these substantial benefits may go unrecognized by farmers, who sometimes associate bats with ecosystem disservices such as crop raiding. Given the importance of bats for global food production, future agricultural management should focus on “wildlife-friendly” farming practices that allow more bats to exploit and persist in the anthropogenic matrix so as to enhance provision of ecosystem services. Pressing research topics include (1) a better understanding of how local-level versus landscape-level management practices interact to structure bat assemblages, (2) the effects of new pesticide classes and GM crops on bat populations, and (3) how increased documentation and valuation of the ecosystem services provided by bats could improve attitudes of producers toward their conservation

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Petani dalam Menggunakan Benih Jagung Hibrida di Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi

This   research   aims to determine the factors that influence farmers' decisions in using hybrid maize seeds. This research was conducted from July to August 2019 in Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted using a survey method. The determination of the research location was carried out by means of purposive sampling. based on this area the majority of the population is corn farmers. Respondents were determined using the Multistage Random Sampling method, through the following stages, determining the location, determining the farmer groups in each sample village, determining five respondents from each village, in order to obtain a total sample of 20  farmers. The results showed that the factors of age, education, land area, capital, length of farming, extension and access to production facilities together or partially did not have a significant effect on farmers' decisions to use hybrid maize seeds in Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency