基礎獣医学系実習教育の充実

　基礎獣医学系実習科目は獣医解剖学実習，獣医生理学実習I，獣医生理学実習II，獣医生理化学実習からなり，教養科目から専門性の高い科目へ移行する過程で，高度な知識並びに技術を習得する上で重要な実習科目となっている。これらの実習では多人数の学生を対象に効果的に実習を行う上では機器の数が不足しており，また，獣医師の職域で実際に用いられている機器と比べて，精密度や解析精度において劣っている。そのため今年度は，獣医生理学実習において使用する機器の質的，数的充実を図り，より専門性の高い実習への移行を円滑に行い，職場環境に近い実習環境を整備した。The practices (veterinary anatomy laboratory, veterinarian physiology laboratory I, veterinarian physiology laboratory II, and veterinarian physiology chemistry laboratory) in the area of basic veterinary medicine are important subjects for acquiring knowledge and the technique by the process of shifting from the liberal arts subject to a specialized subjects for the area of applied veterinary medicine and clinical veterinary medicine. The number of equipment is insufficient to practice effectively in these practices for large number of student, and it is inferior in a analytical accuracy compared with the equipment actually used in veterinarian\u27s occupation. In this year qualitative and quantitative improvement of the equipment used to practices in the area of veterinary physiology is carried out

基礎獣医学系実習教育の充実

獣医生理学実習II ならびに獣医生理化学実習が属する基礎獣医学系実習科目は獣医解剖学実習，獣医生理学実習I，獣医生理学実習II，獣医生理化学実習からなり，教養科目から専門性の高い科目へ移行する過程で，高度な知識並びに技術を習得する上で重要な実習科目となっている。しかし，これらの実習では機器の数が不足していることや，精密度や解析精度に欠ける機器を使用しているのが現状である。本事業を遂行することにより，今年度は獣医生理学実習II ならびに獣医生理化学実習において使用する機器の質的，数的充実を図った。その結果，これらの実習に関して，より専門性の高い実習への移行を円滑に行うことのできる，また，職場環境により近い実習環境を整備することが出来た

Muscle carbonic anhydrase III levels in normal and muscular dystrophia afflicted chickens

BACKGROUND: The levels and immunohistochemical localization of muscle carbonic anhydrase III (CA-III) in healthy chickens and in muscular dystrophia affected (DA) chickens show that the muscles of diseased animal undergo a progressive increase of enzyme activity. METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to assess the CA-III levels in the muscles and other tissues from eight normal White Leghorn chickens and in two chickens with muscular dystrophy. Immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme in the muscles of these animals was also determined. RESULTS: The levels of CA-III in the tensor fasciae latae and the superficial pectoral muscles of the DA chickens were higher than the level in normal chickens. The concentrations of CA-III in erythrocytes and plasma from diseased chickens were approximately 15-fold and 1.4-fold higher than in the normal chickens, respectively. In the superficial pectoral and the tensor fasciae latae muscles of diseased chickens, the numbers of strongly stained and weakly stained fibers were greater than that in the normal chickens. CONCLUSION: The levels of CA-III in the superficial pectoral muscle, the tensor fasciae latae muscle, plasma and erythrocytes from the chickens with muscular dystrophy were higher than found in normal chickens

アメリカグマ（Ursus americanus），マレーグマ（Helarctos malayanus），ホッキョクグマ（Ursus maritimus）における手内筋の筋重量について

The hands of the American black bear (Ursus americanus), the sun bear (Helarctos malayanus), the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), and the lion (Panthera leo) were dissected and the mass of the intrinsic hand muscles were systematically recorded to explore possible interspecies variation. Muscle mass was divided by the third metacarpal bone size for normalization. The results indicated that the normalized muscle masses of the thenar muscles were larger in the three bears than the lion, and the abductor pollicis muscle was larger in the sun bear than other bears. For the abductor digiti minimi muscle, the normalized muscle mass was larger in the three bears than the lion, but smaller in the polar bear among three bears. One limitation of this study is that here we provided only one specimen for each species, and thus the present results need to be confirmed by examining a larger number of cases in future studies. However, these differences in the intrinsic hand muscles of the four species may reflect adaptation for their different habits

Biochemical and developmental characterization of carbonic anhydrase II from chicken erythrocytes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Carbonic anhydrase (CA) of the chicken has attracted attention for a long time because it has an important role in the eggshell formation. The developmental profile of CA-II isozyme levels in chicken erythrocytes has not been determined or reported. Furthermore, the relations with CA-II in erythrocyte and egg production are not discussed. In the present study, we isolated CA-II from erythrocytes of chickens and determined age-related changes of CA-II levels in erythrocytes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Chicken CA-II was purified by a combination of column chromatography. The levels of CA-II in the hemolysate of the chicken were determined using the ELISA system in blood samples from 279 female chickens, ages 1 to 93 weeks, 69 male chickens, ages 3 to 59 weeks and 52 weeks female Araucana-chickens.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean concentration of CA-II in hemolysate from 1-week-old female was 50.8 ± 11.9 mg/g of Hb. The mean levels of CA-II in 25-week-old (188.1 ± 82.6 mg/g of Hb), 31-week-old (193.6 ± 69.7 mg/g of Hb) and 49-week-old (203.8 ± 123.5 mg/g of Hb) female-chickens showed the highest level of CA-II. The levels of CA-II in female WL-chickens significantly decreased at 63 week (139.0 ± 19.3 mg/g of Hb). The levels of CA-II in female WL-chicken did not change from week 63 until week 93.The mean level of CA-II in hemolysate of 3-week-old male WL-chickens was 78.3 ± 20.7 mg/g of Hb. The levels of CA-II in male WL-chickens did not show changes in the week 3 to week 59 timeframe. The mean level of CA-II in 53-week-old female Araucana-chickens was 23.4 ± 1.78 mg/g of Hb. These levels of CA-II were about 11% of those of 49-week-old female WL-chickens. Simple linear regression analysis showed significant associations between the level of CA-II and egg laying rate from 16 week-old at 63 week-old WL-chicken (p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Developmental changes and sexual differences of CA-II concentration in WL-chicken erythrocytes were observed. The concentration of CA-II in the erythrocyte of WL-chicken was much higher than that in Araucana-chicken (p < 0.01).</p

チーター（Acinonyx jubatus）における半規管の配置と直交性について

The purpose of this study was to clarify the spatial orientation of the semicircular canals in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) using computed tomography (CT). CT scan was performed on the skull of a cheetah. Scanning data were reconstructed into the cross-sectional images, and then the landmark coordinates were determined to define the planes of the semicircular canals and the cross-sections of the skull. In the cheetah, the lateral semicircular canal was parallel to the base of the skull. The angles between the anterior and posterior semicircular canals was lager than 90 degrees, and each canal showed the similar angle with the sagittal cross-section of the skull, although these planar directions were different. One limitation of this study is that here we provided only one specimen, and thus the present results need to be confirmed by examining a larger number of cases in future studies. However, the method outlined in this study provided quantitative descriptions of orientations and orthogonalities of the semicircular canals of the cheetah. This is potentially useful for indentifying the morphological features of the semicircular canals in felids

イヌ涙腺組織における炭酸脱水酵素アイソザイム(CA-VI)の発現について

角膜や結膜を覆う涙液の分泌母地である犬涙腺組織を対象に,分泌型炭酸脱水酵素アイソザイムCarbonic Anhydrase-VI(CA-VI)の蛋白質発現を免疫組織化学的手法を用い,ならびに遺伝子発現をRT-PCR法を用いて検討した。その結果,免疫組織化学染色では腺房を構成する腺房細胞の一部に免疫陽性反応を認めたが,導管上皮細胞には認めなかった。RT-PCR法ではイヌCA-VIと考えられる441bpの大きさの増幅産物を認めた。犬の角膜上皮にはCAの酵素活性があることが報告されており,本実験から犬の角膜上皮に存在するCAに加え,涙腺組織から分泌されているCA-VIが,眼球周囲の局所的な環境における酸塩基平衡に関与していると考えられる。The expression of carbonic anhydrase VI protein and mRNA were investigated in canine lacrimal glands. Immunohistochemical staining of lacrimal glands was detected CA-VI protein in some aciner cells, but not in ductal cells.The presence of CA-VI mRNA in canine lacrimal glands was demonstrated by RT-PCR. RT-PCR amplification of CA-VI mRNA generated a band of the predicted 441 base pairs for CA-VI mRNA. These results indicates the canine lacrimal glands synthesize and secret CA-VI protein. It was reported that the corneal epithelia of canine has shown of CA activity, and the function of CA are transportation of CO_2 across the cornea. Therefore Althougth the physiological signification was unknown, in addition to CA in corneal epithelia, secreted CA-VI from lacrimal glands are play a role of maintenance of acid/base balance in microcircumstance around eyes

新たに発見された神経症状を呈するラットの解析

Wistar系ラットの突然変異体として発見された,振戦を示すミュータントラット(振戦ラット)の組織学的変化について検討した。本研究では生後5,9,13,17,48週齢の振戦ラットについて,HE染色標本観察によるプルキンエ細胞数の変化や形態学的変化を観察した。また,星状膠細胞の動態を調べるために抗Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)免疫染色を,小脳や小脳関連神経核における神経細胞の変性の有無について調べるためにFluoro.Jade B染色を行い,観察を行った。HE染色標本の観察の結果,生後5週齢の振戦ラットの小脳では著変は認められなかったが,生後9週齢以降の振戦ラットでは1～IX葉においてプルキンエ細胞の脱落が認められた。生後48週齢の小脳皮質ではX葉を除く,全ての葉の分子層と,一部の葉で穎粒層の菲薄化が認められた。また,全ての週齢において,小脳関連神経核や錐体路では顕著な変化は認められなかった。生後9～17週齢の振戦ラットでは小脳の分子層のバーグマングリアや小脳髄質の星状膠細胞に,正常対照ラットと比べて強い抗GFAP免疫陽性反応が認められた。生後5週齢の振戦ラットでは分子層の樹状突起に,生後9～17週齢の振戦ラットではプルキンエ細胞体ならびに樹状突起,バーグマングリア,髄質に存在する星状膠細胞にFluoro-Jade B陽性反応を認めた。本ラットにおいて,生後5週齢でプルキンエ細胞の樹状突起から変性が生じ,変性が細胞体に及んで,プルキンエ細胞が脱落することが判明した。プルキンエ細胞の脱落が認められた小脳のI～IX葉には,脊髄小脳路や橋小脳路からの神経線維が伸びており,本ラットの病態変化にこれらの神経路が関与している可能性があるが,異常は認めなかった。小脳に変性が生じるラットはいくつか知られているが,本ラットは1)変性部位が小脳に限局している,2)X葉に変化がみられない,3)小脳以外の部位や血液性状,繁殖力などに異常がないこと等が特徴である。これらの点に注目して解析を進めるとともに,生後早期の樹状突起の微細構造の観察や,さらに加齢の進んだ個体の解析などを行うことにより,本ラットの詳しい病態解析に繋がるものと考えられる。A new neurological rat has been found in the Wister strain of rats. The mutation is inherited as an autosomal recessive traits and is manifest clinically by wobble gait and tremor after 9 weeks of age. In this study histopathological examinations were performed in order to investigation a change in the number of Purkinje cells and general histological change with H-E staining, distribution of astrocyte with immunohistochemical staining and the presence of the degeneration of Purkinje cell with Fluoro-Jade B reaction in the cerebellum and related nuclei at 5, 7, 9, 13 and 48 weeks of age. The loss of Purkinje cells was recognized in lobules I-IX from 9 weeks of age. Thinnings of molecular layer and granular layer were found in mutant rat at 48 weeks of age. In mutant rat at 9, 13 and 17 weeks of age, reactive strocytes with intense immunoreactivity against anti-GFAP antibosy were distributed in molecular layer (Bergmann\u27s glial cell) and cerebellar medulla. Fluoro-Jade B positive reactions were found in dendrites of Purkinje cells at 5 weeks of age. At 9, 13, 17 weeks of age, cell bodies, dendrites of purkinje cells, Bergmann\u27s glial cells and astrocytes of cerebellar medulla. In present study, histopathological examination revealed degeneration in this mutant occurred first at dendrite of Purkinje cell, and then extended gradually from dendrite to the cell body of Purkinje cell. Though it is known lobules I-IX found degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells in mutant rat were associated with spinocerebellar tract and pontocerebellar tract, no histopahological change were recognized in these tracts. Unique features of this mutant rat are 1) degeneration is confined to cerebellum, 2) No histopahological change is found in lobule X, 3) Except for the cerebellum, There is no abnormality in blood examination and fertility. Further study, for instance electromicroscopic syudy in dendrites at early stage after birth or investigation of mutant rat after 48 weeks of age will revealed mechanism for degeneration and histopahological features in detais