Loss of alpha-tubulin polyglutamylation in ROSA22 mice is associated with abnormal targeting of KIF1A and modulated synaptic function.

Microtubules function as molecular tracks along which motor proteins transport a variety of cargo to discrete destinations within the cell. The carboxyl termini of alpha- and beta-tubulin can undergo different posttranslational modifications, including polyglutamylation, which is particularly abundant within the mammalian nervous system. Thus, this modification could serve as a molecular "traffic sign" for motor proteins in neuronal cells. To investigate whether polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin could perform this function, we analyzed ROSA22 mice that lack functional PGs1, a subunit of alpha-tubulin-selective polyglutamylase. In wild-type mice, polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin is abundant in both axonal and dendritic neurites. ROSA22 mutants display a striking loss of polyglutamylated alpha-tubulin within neurons, including their neurites, which is associated with decreased binding affinity of certain structural microtubule-associated proteins and motor proteins, including kinesins, to microtubules purified from ROSA22-mutant brain. Of the kinesins examined, KIF1A, a subfamily of kinesin-3, was less abundant in neurites from ROSA22 mutants in vitro and in vivo, whereas the distribution of KIF3A (kinesin-2) and KIF5 (kinesin-1) appeared unaltered. The density of synaptic vesicles, a cargo of KIF1A, was decreased in synaptic terminals in the CA1 region of hippocampus in ROSA22 mutants. Consistent with this finding, ROSA22 mutants displayed more rapid depletion of synaptic vesicles than wild-type littermates after high-frequency stimulation. These data provide evidence for a role of polyglutamylation of alpha-tubulin in vivo, as a molecular traffic sign for targeting of KIF1 kinesin required for continuous synaptic transmission

Post-annealed graphite carbon nitride nanoplates obtained by sugar-assisted exfoliation with improved visible-light photocatalytic performance

Two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanoplates (CNNP) have become a hot research topic in photocatalysis due to their small thickness and large specific surface area that favors charge transport and catalytic surface reactions. However, the wide application of 2D g-C3N4 nanoplates prepared by ordinary methods suffers from increased band gaps with a poor solar harvesting capability caused by the strong quantum confinement effect and reduced conjugation distance. In this paper, a facile approach of exfoliation and the following fast thermal treatment of the bulk g-C3N4 is proposed to obtain a porous few-layered g-C3N4 with nitrogen defects. Due to the preferable crystal, textural, optical and electronic structures, the as-obtained porous CNNP demonstrated a significantly improved photocatalytic activity towards water splitting than the bulk g-C3N4 and even the 3 nm-thick CNNP obtained by sugarassisted exfoliation of the bulk g-C3N4. The difference in the enhancement factors between the H2O splitting and organic decomposition has revealed the effect of N defects. This study offers insightful outlooks on the scalable fabrication of a porous few-layered structure with a promoted photocatalytic performance. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Open Source Radiotherapy Viewer with Verification and Approval Function for DICOM-RT Object in IHE-RO Workflow

Learning Object:To understand the principal of the DICOM-RT object and the suitabledisplay methods for the dose distribution and beam data To understand a viewing function of DICOM-RT Objects and the IHE workflow of the radiotherapy To study how to confirm the radiation planning and the dose distribution of the target and issue the approvalAbstract:Purpose:To verify the dose distribution and treatment plan is very import and inevitable for a radiation oncologist. We developed the viewing software that can display the radiotherapy data (DICOM-RT Object) for a physician. The physician can issued the approval of the radiation plan by using this software.Methods:The software was written by the java and can be updated by the Java Web Start function in a hospital. We decide that this software is distributed under the open source criteria.Results:Physicians can easily display the DICOM-RT Object (RT image, RT plan and structure set) and also share the information. If he confirmed a treatment, he can change the approval status of the DICOM-RT Object.Discussion:Using this software, radiation oncologist can confirm the treatment plan and dose distribution quickly and issue the approval of the treatment with the DICOM approval module. This process conforms to the IHE-RO scheduled workflow that is investigated by the IHE-Japan RO group.RSNA\u2706 92th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meetin

Sugar-assisted mechanochemical exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance

A simple co-grinding treatment with fructose is introduced for the efficient and scalable preparation of g-C3N4 nanoplates. The results revealed that these g-C3N4 nanoplates still preserved the basic framework of carbon nitride and even displayed superior morphological properties and electronic structures. With respect to the pristine carbon nitride, the few-layered g-C3N4 impressively demonstrated an enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen generation and the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light illumination, emphasizing the vital roles of the morphology and electronic structures on the photocatalytic performance. This study provided sustainable and cost-effective tactics for the delamination of g-C3N4 for efficient energy conversion. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

What does Workflow Analysis bring the Information System in the Radiotherapy Department? - Seamless Communication Proposed by Japanese IHE-RO -

Development of Radiotherapy Workflow in conformity to IHE-Japan Radiation Oncology Study group Workflow\nPurpose/Objective(s):In Japan, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)/Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems are becoming popular in the large- and middle-scaled hospitals. The workflow in the Radiation Oncology (RO) section was not studied sufficiently. This is a barrier when we implement a CPOE/EMR. Same situation was pointed out in the other department for example ophthalmology and dentistry departments. It is hard to customize a CPOE/EMR according to each workflow because of a huge resource and cost. The Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is making the technical frameworks in various domains. The aim of this paper is to define the departmental workflow and to analyze the effectiveness of the IHE-Japan workflow. This workflow is expected to contribute to the easy implementation of hospital information system and medical safety.\nMaterials/Methods:The Japanese IHE-RO committee was organized from users and venders at February 2006 to develop the workflow suitable for the CPOE/EMR environment. We divided the process of radiation treatment into (1) initial visiting, (2) treatment planning, (3) daily treatment, (4) finish of treatment, (5) patient follow up. We analyzed this workflow of physicians, nurses and technologist and cooperation between the radiotherapy information system and other CPOE/EMR systems.\nResults:We studied the process of the clinical procedure and arranged suitable actors that the IHE technical frameworks defined in the Radiology, Laboratory, Cardiology and Radiation Oncology domains. The actors include the Order Placer (OP), Order Filer (OF), Treatment Management System (TMS), Therapy delivery system (TDS), Therapy planning system (TPS), Acquisition Modality, Contourer, Geometric Planner, Dosimetric Planner, Dose Displayer, Archive and Image Display (ID). The Japanese IHE-RO committee is making the workflow document that describes the communication methods among systems.We are discussing the role of Oncology Information System and Treatment Management System to improve the radiation workflow. We think that we can easily migrate to IHE system from existing system using the IHE-RO workflow. We also discuss how to follow up patients after treatment using Electronic Medical Record.We are planning to perform Japanese connectathon and demonstration in the JASTRO 2009.\nConclusions:This paper reports the activity of Japanese IHE-RO committee. We think that the analysis of the radiation department workflow is very important for implementation of the information system. By using this workflow we can realize an easy and effective implementation of the system. Workflow analysis contributes to IT promotion in a radiotherapy department, and also seamless communication is useful for medical safety.50th ASTRO Annual Meetin

Prototype Development of Oncology CPOE/EMR User Interface Using IHE-ITI RFD function

BackgroundIn Japan, recently EMR systems become popular in the many hospitals. The workflow in the Radiation Oncology section was not systematized sufficiently. It is difficult to use an EMR/CPOE user interface effectively according to each workflow. The user interface of the system is very important and is expected to be easy-to-use. We investigated to realize the customized dialog screen and standardized the user interface. The aim of this paper is to define the user interface function that leads us to the standardized mechanism and the suitable workflow of oncology departments.\nEvaluationAs we presented the Integrated Navigation Console (INC) at the RSNA 2008, we defined actors to generate a user interface that enables to place orders. These actors gather information from multiple systems (EMR, CPOE, PACS and RIS) and display to a physician. An oncologist issues orders (laboratory, radiology examination and radiation therapy prescription).We defined five actors; (1) INC-Manager, (2) User Interface (UI), (3) Result Tracker, (4) Database Updater and (5) Enterprise Database actors. To archive the high portability we defined the INC-UI by using the IHE-ITI Retrieve Form for Data Capture (RFD) function. In ordinary EMR/CPOEs, the dialog screen is fixed and is hard to customize the screen layout. The prototype system provides the standardized UI function that enables to refer results and issue orders simultaneously.\nDiscussionWe classify functional units into not defined actors by the IHE integration profiles and actors already defined. The existing IHE profile is used for the defined actors. On the other hand, we defined the generic database system for non-existing profile. We studied three kinds procedure for communicating among actors. They are (1) Direct Issue of Transaction (using existing IHE transaction), (2) Calling External Module and (3) Enterprise DB Access (communicating directlywith other database by a proprietary method).The IHE-RFD profile is using W3C XForms 1.1. While the XForms is not fixed, our definition will remain in Trial Implementation. RDF profile consisted of four actors; (1) form manager, (2) form receiver, (3) form filler, (4) form archiver. The INC-Manager is equivalent to the form manager/receiver and has to control the workflow and user interface. The INC-UI acts as the form filler.\nCONCLUSIONWe developed prototype of INC-UI and evaluated the functions. The INC-UI function is implemented by the IHE-RFD actors. By using RFD profile, INC system can work in the web environment and organize the suitable user interface according to own clinical workflows. Our framework is generic method and applicable to other departmental EMR/CPOEs such as ophthalmology and dental department.RSNA\u2709 95th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meetin

Prototype of Workflow Oriented Hospital Information System Using Integrated Navigation Console (INC) Function Designed for Radiation Oncology CPOE/EMR and PACS Environment

In Japan, EMR systems become popular in the large- and middle-scaled hospitals. The workflow in the Radiation Oncology section was not studied sufficiently. This is a barrier when we implement an EMR. Same situation was pointed out in the other department for example ophthalmology and dentistry departments. It is hard to customize an EMR/CPOE according to each workflow because of a huge resource and cost. The aim of this paper is to define the INC function that leads us to easy customization and suitable display/ordering of examinations.As we presented the INC at the RSNA 2007, we defined actors to generate a user interface that enables to place orders. These actors gather necessary information from multiple systems (EMR,CPOE, PACS and RIS) and display to a physician. Next, an oncologist issues orders (laboratory,radiology examination and radiation therapy prescription). In ordinary EMR/CPOEs, this process needs several cascaded screen changes. But the prototype provides the integrated console that enable to refer results and issue orders simultaneously.We defined (1) INC-Manager, (2) User Interface, (3) Result Tracker, (4) Database Updater, and (5) Enterprise Database actors and evaluated whether the definition size of information would be suitable in the built prototype system.We classify functional units into not defined actors by the IHE integration profiles and actors already defined. The existing IHE profile is used for the defined actors. On the other hand, we defined the generic database system for non-existing profile. We studied three kinds procedure for communicating among actors. They are (1) the method following the transaction of IHE, (2)the method of calling a program directly, and (3) the method of communicating directly with other database by a proprietary method. We developed prototype of INC and evaluated the functions. The INC function is a powerful tool that realizes patient oriented EMR/CPOSs. By using INC, physicians can organize own information systems according to own clinical workflows.Our framework is generic method and applicable to other departmental information systems such as ophthalmology and dental department.RSNA200