福島第一原子力発電所事故に伴う健康ﾘｽｸと問題点

平成23年3月11日東北地方太平洋地震が発生し､それに伴い東京電力福島第一原子力発電所において､複数の原子炉に損傷が生じ水素爆発が起こった｡その結果､放射性ﾖｳ素131(131I)､ｾｼｳﾑ134(134Cs)､ｾｼｳﾑ137(137Cs)などの放射性物質が､大気中や海に広範囲に放出された｡各国のﾏｽﾒﾃﾞｨｱが事故発生当初から､この事故を取り上げたが､政府報道や関連学者などが､放射線に関する基本的知識の説明なしに情報を乱雑に扱った故､国民の混乱を招く大きな原因となってしまった｡震災以降において､大村東彼薬剤師会や長崎県立猶興館高校から依頼を受け､｢放射線を正しく怖がるために何が必要か｣について講義してわかったことは､｢放射線に関する単位｣､｢放射線の人体に与える影響と影響を及ぼす数値｣､そして｢放射線以外による死亡ﾘｽｸ｣を学ぶことができれば､人は放射線をむやみに恐れなくなることが推察されるに至った｡今回､長崎県立猶興館高校の生徒が､本学において放射線について自ら学び､地域住民のために発表会を実施した際に､事前ｱﾝｹｰﾄを行なったところ､【放射線と聞いて､怖いｲﾒｰｼﾞがありますか?】の問に対して､50%の参加者が｢怖い｣と解答していたが､発表会後に【今日の講座を通して､放射線に対して恐怖感があるか?】の質問に対して､｢怖い｣と解答した参加者はいなくなっていた｡このことは本学における放射線教育の重要性だけでなく､学生に正しい知識を伝えていくことが､学生の家族さらには地域住民全体の放射線の恐怖と不安を取り除く､最も効果的な方法であることが推察された｡Hydrogen explosion has caused damage to several nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and large amounts of radioactive material have been released from the nuclear power plant, following the Tohoku earthquake and Tsunami on March 11, 2011. The Japanese government and the Tokyo electric power company have been severely criticized in the foreign news media for poor communication with the public. Many people were afraid of radiation when the Fukushima accident occurred because the people did not have basic knowledge of radiation and its biological effects. Hence, the radiation experts(including us)provided such information to students after the nuclear accident. As a result, we have removed of the fear of radiation from the students\u27families and local residents as well as providing students with a learning opporturity. It was the most effective way to get rid of the anxiety of radiation

初年次教育科目「教養セミナーＡ」の実践と課題 ―学生の成長実感と教員のプログラム評価に着目して―

本稿では、本学の初年次教育プログラムの1つである「教養セミナーＡ」の実践を報告するとともに、学生と教員に実施したアンケート調査により、下記2点を明らかにした。まず、本授業を通じた学生の学修成果を、学生の成長に対する自己評価（成長実感）と、学生の学びや成長に対する教員評価の2つの側面から分析したところ、本授業の目的および内容を構成する4因子（「スタディスキルの理解」、「大学生活への導入」、「大学への親近感」、「スタディスキルの活用・コミュニケーション」）について、学生の成長実感には学科ごとに有意な差があることがわかった。また4因子に含まれるほとんどの項目において、教員評価は学生の自己評価より有意に低かった一方で、学生の自己評価と教員評価は概ね連動していることが明らかとなった。2つ目として、教員の初年次教育プログラムに対する認識を問う設問の回答から、本授業に求める教育内容について分析した結果、学科や教員ごとに求める内容が大きく異なっていることがわかった。以上により、学生の成長実感が低い項目に関連する授業内容の見直しや、教員が求める学生の学びや成長と学生の成長実感の間に存在する乖離の是正、初年次教育プログラムの目的や内容に対する教員の共通認識の形成、基礎学力やクラスサイズが学生の成長実感に与える影響の解明などが、今後の課題として明らかとなった

Selective and short-term leaming impaiment following focal brain irradiation of proton beam insuit in rats

HCPBM and ENLIGHT-200

Ecological grouping of survey sites when sampling artefacts are present

Grouping sites on the basis of their biological information is a common goal in ecologythat has scientific and management applications.Two applications are studied in this work:classifying vegetation types for management units and predicting these units into unsampledspace, and finding assemblages of fish and investigating how the presence of these assemblagesvaries with covariates. Data that are used to find the groupings often have extraneoussources of variation, such as those related to sampling, which are often ignored but should beaccounted for when finding the groupings. In ecological studies, this is increasingly commonas data sets are now being combined from many smaller survey efforts. We show, througha model-based clustering method, how the groupings can be obtained, while accounting forsampling artefacts

Strain-dependent differences in locomotor activity after local brain irradiation with 30 GyE of carbon ions

Search for genetic polymorphisms that associate with radiation-induced normal tissue injury on cancer patients\nMayumi Iwakawa and Takashi ImaiRadGenomics Project, Frontier Research CenterNational Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan\nIntroduction Cancer patients vary considerably in normal tissue reactions after radiotherapy. Several observations have indicated that certain genetic factors play important roles in this variability. It has been hypothesized that the clinical radiosensitivity of normal tissues should be regarded as a so-called complex trait dependent on the cumulative effect of many minor genetic determinants. Thus single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on certain genes may somehow associate with the severity of normal tissue reactions after radiotherapy. It is important to uncover molecular basis underlying radiation sensitivity of normal tissues for further investigation of more complex character of cancer cells. In this study we have aimed to search for polymorphisms that associate with normal tissue radiation sensitivity of various cancer patients to open a way for achieving individual-oriented radiotherapy with high-therapeutic ratio.\nResearch strategy Our strategy is a candidate gene approach selected through the experiments using in vitro cultured human cell lines and animal models. SNPs on the selected genes have been typed using the DNA from white blood cells of cancer patients with clinical information.\nPatients and Methods1. Patients The 1071 patients in this study consist 489 breast cancer patients, 149 ovarian cancer patients, 126 prostate cancer patients, 133 head and neck cancer patients. They were registered between 2001 and 2004. Normal tissue reactions until the 3rd month after completion of the treatment were graded according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI/CTC). Late effects on normal tissues were graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/ the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) scoring system and the Late Effects of Normal Tissues-Subjective, Objective, Management and Analytic (LENT-SOMA) scoring system. Patients were divided into two groups (radiosensitive and radioresistant) according to the grades determined by the above scoring systems.\n2. Candidate gene selection We have defined following three criteria to select candidate genes. (1) Genes whose expression profile showed statistically significant association with cellular radiation sensitivity. (2) Genes whose expression were induced or reduced after ionizing radiation treatment. (3) Genes whose involvement in the radiation sensitivity had been evaluated in some literatures. We have measured radiosensitivity of 32 different cultured human cancer cell lines and analyzed their gene expression profile by microarray technique. In addition, we have analyzed in vivo gene expression profile of mouse strains with different radiation sensitivity. As a total we have selected 108 candidate genes that met at least one of the above criteria.\n3. SNPs typing of the candidate genes and statistical analysis The information about SNPs on the candidate genes was obtained from JSNP database (http://snp.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/) and dbSNP database (http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/). Typing of the SNPs was performed by the allele-specific termination of primer extension method using a MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometer. \nResultsSix hundreds and forty three SNPs were typed for the 108 candidate genes of 346 individuals consisting of 218 breast cancer patients, 57 ovarian cancer patients and 71 prostate cancer patients. Statistical analysis of association between the SNP types and radiation sensitivity of patients has been done using SNPalyze software. So far, we found more than 12 genes that showed statistically significant association.\nConclusion This study implies that analysis of multiple SNPs on adequately selected candidate genes might be specifically suitable for identification of genetic constraints of radiation sensitivity. At present state our findings are still preliminary and require assignment of functional influence of the SNPs to the expression of gene activity that relate to the radiation sensitivity. Our study should encourage further comprehensive search for genetic polymorphisms that associate with radiation-induced normal tissue injury on cancer patients\nAcknowledgement We deeply appreciate patients who accepted to participate in our study and collaborators who participated in obtaining informed consent from medical information and providing patient\u27s blood sample. Strain-dependent differences in locomotor activity after local brain irradiation with 30 GyE of carbon ions\nMayumi Iwakawa1, Nobuhiko Takai2, Miyako Goto1, Koichi Ando2, and Takashi Imai1\nAbstract\nIn this study, mice of inbred, A/J, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeMs mice were used to reveal inter-strain differences of radiosensitivity after local brain irradiation and spontaneous locomotor activity was examined as a parameter of brain function. The whole brain of the A/J, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeMs male mice was irradiated with carbon ion beams. We measured the locomotor activity determined by the Supermex system using detection of the body heat of an animal. The daily locomotor activities of non-irradiated and irradiated A/J, C57BL/6J and C3H/HeMs mice differed significantly. This inter-strain variance became obvious immediately after irradiation, as the activity of A/J mice diminished, whereas the C57BL/6J mice became hyperactive. Daily total spontaneous locomotor activity was suppressed one day after irradiation and increased thereafter among three strains. When we also measured the locomotor activity after the dopamin receptor agonist, apomorphine, treatment, a significant increase of activity in C57BL/6J mice was detected, whereas a significant decrease in C3H/HeMs or A/J mice. In conclusion, radiosensitivity of the brain determined as locomotor activity varied among three strains.ESTRO2

In Vivo Evaluations of [11C]L-365,260 and [11C]L-365,346, non-Peptide Antagonists for PET Studies of Cholecystokinin (CCK) Receptors.

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Synthesis and Brain Distribution of a Nootropic Drug:[11C]Aniracetam.

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