Observational learning in rats raw data

sheet1: Fig.2 & Table S1 efficiency data for regression analysis, sheet2: Fig.3 efficiency data for ANOVA, sheet3: Fig.4 & Fig.S1 efficiency data for regression analysis, sheet4: Fig.5 rearing data, sheet5: Fig.S1 error data, sheet6: Fig.S1 time dat

Dynamical Behavior of Hydration Water Molecules between Phospholipid Membranes

The dynamical behavior of hydration water sandwiched between 1,2-dimyristyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers was investigated by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) in the range between 275 and 316 K, where the main transition temperature of DMPC is interposed. The results revealed that the hydration water could be categorized into three types of water: (1) free water, whose dynamical behavior is slightly different from that of bulk water; (2) loosely bound water, whose dynamical behavior is 1 order of magnitude slower than that of the free water; and (3) tightly bound water, whose dynamical behavior is comparable with that of DMPC molecules. The number of loosely bound and tightly bound water molecules per DMPC molecule monotonically decreased and increased with decreasing temperature, respectively, and the sum of these water molecules remained constant. The number of free water molecules per DMPC molecule was constant in the measured temperature range

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Novel Pentacyclic Indole Alkaloid, Kopsiyunnanine E, Isolated from <i>Kopsia arborea</i>

A new pentacyclic indole alkaloid, kopsiyunnanine E, was isolated from Yunnan <i>Kopsia arborea</i>, and its structure, which was inferred from spectroscopic data, was established by a 16-step asymmetric total synthesis that proved that the natural alkaloid was not enantiomerically pure

Discovery of 2‑(Cyclopentylamino)thieno[3,2‑<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4(3<i>H</i>)‑one Derivatives as a New Series of Potent Phosphodiesterase 7 Inhibitors

The discovery of a new series of potent phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitors is described. Novel thieno­[3,2-<i>d</i>]­pyrimidin-4­(3<i>H</i>)-one hit compounds were identified from our chemical library. Preliminary modifications of the hit compounds were performed, resulting in the discovery of a fragment-sized compound (<b>10</b>) with highly improved ligand efficiency. Compound design was guided by structure–activity relationships and computational modeling. The 6-substituted derivatives of the thienopyrimidinone showed diminished activity and enzyme selectivity. However, synthesis of the 7-substituted derivatives resulted in the discovery of <b>28e</b>, a desirable lead compound that selectively inhibits PDE7 with single-digit nanomolar potency while displaying potent cellular efficacy