わが国における外国クルーズ船社誘致策の展開と国際クルーズマーケットの変化

外国クルーズ船社に対するわが国地方自治体によるマーケティング分野の政策・活動と、外国クルーズ船社の寄港の状況とその傾向を考察した。地方自治体は、商談会への参加をはじめとする多様なチャネルを活用した観光地・イベントの情報提供、モデルツアーの提案など、マーケティング活動を積極的に展開してきた。主要な外国クルーズ船社が就航し、中型船のカジュアルクルーズ、中型船のプレミアムクルーズを中心に寄港回数を増加させてきた。また、プレミアムクルーズならびにラグジュアリークルーズにおいては、その寄港回数が特定の地方・地域に偏っていないことから、マーケティング活動が特に有効に機能している可能性がある。This study examines the development of policies to attract foreign cruise liners in Japan, focusing on marketing related policies and activities. This study also examines the trends of such liners’ port calls and draws policy implication. Municipal governments in Japan have been actively developing and implementing marketing activities such as providing information on tourist attractions and events using various channels including participation in business meetings. The number of port calls has increased greatly, in casual-class cruise operated by medium-sized vessels and premium-class cruise by medium-sized vessels in particular. Premium-class and luxury-class cruises are not concentrated in specific regions, implying the effectiveness of marketing activities in such classes.遠藤伸明: 東京海洋大学学術研究院流通情報工学部門Nobuaki ENDO: Department of Logistics and Information Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)小川雅史: 京都大学経営管理大学院Masashi OGAWA: Graduate School of Management, Kyoto Universit

Matrix isolation studies of 185 nm light-induced cage reactions of o-chlorobenzaldehyde

VUV light photolysis of o-chlorobenzaldehyde (CBA) has been investigated by infrared spectroscopy in cryogenic Ar and O-2 matrices. Previously reported photoinduced rotational isomerization from anti- to syn-CBA was confirmed in the Ar matrix. In addition, absorption bands associated with photoinduced rearrangement to benzoyl chloride were observed accompanying the weak bands due to the CO photolysis product. However, in the reactive O-2 matrix, isomerization was observed and there was no evidence of benzoyl chloride formation. A kinetic analysis revealed that rearrangement was a minor process under the present excitation energy. The TD-B3LYP calculations show that as the excitation energy increases the predissociation channel will open and the repulsive (1)(pi, sigma(c-a)*) and 1(eta, sigma(c-a)*) states are directly achievable by the 185 nm excitation. Photoinduced rearrangement will be caused by the reaction of thus dissociated cage pairs.ArticleJOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. 1025:48-52 (2012)journal articl

Changes of Histamine Contents and Mast Cell Population in the Gastric Mucosa of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhotic Rats

For the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of gastric mucosal lesion complicated with liver cirrhosis, the authers examined the changes of histamine contents and mast cell population in the gastric mucosa of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. The histamine contents in the gastric mucosa and the mast cell count in the superficial area of the mucosa were significantly increased spontaneously and reduced with cold restraint stress in cirrhotic rats. However, no reductions in the both factors were observed in normal rats. The incedence of gastric mucosal lesions in cirrhotic rats was 38%, while it was 0% in normal rats, and rose to 100% in the former against 28% in the latter with stress. The hexosamine contents in the gastric mucosa were significantly lower in cirrhotic rats than in normal rats. It is considered that in cirrhotic rats easy release of gastric mucosal histamine with stress, which is associated with degranulation of mast cells in superficial layer, results in development of gastric mucosal lesions, and that the reduction in defensive capacity may be one of the causes for the increase in mast cells

Single-Cell Analysis of the Multicellular Ecosystem in Viral Carcinogenesis by HTLV-1

成人T細胞白血病リンパ腫の多段階発がん分子メカニズムを解明 --難治性疾患の新規治療標的候補を複数同定--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-07.Premalignant clonal expansion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)–infected cells occurs before viral carcinogenesis. Here we characterize premalignant cells and the multicellular ecosystem in HTLV-1 infection with and without adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) by genome sequencing and single-cell simultaneous transcriptome and T/B-cell receptor sequencing with surface protein analysis. We distinguish malignant phenotypes caused by HTLV-1 infection and leukemogenesis and dissect clonal evolution of malignant cells with different clinical behavior. Within HTLV-1–infected cells, a regulatory T-cell phenotype associates with premalignant clonal expansion. We also delineate differences between virus- and tumor-related changes in the nonmalignant hematopoietic pool, including tumor-specific myeloid propagation. In a newly generated conditional knockout mouse model recapitulating T-cell–restricted CD274 (encoding PD-L1) gene lesions found in ATL, we demonstrate that PD-L1 overexpressed by T cells is transferred to surrounding cells, leading to their PD-L1 upregulation. Our findings provide insights into clonal evolution and immune landscape of multistep virus carcinogenesis

Geranylgeranylacetone selectively binds to the HSP70 of Helicobacter pylori and alters its coccoid morphology

Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is used to treat patients suffering from peptic ulcers and gastritis. We examined the effect of GGA on Helicobacter pylori, which is a causative factor of gastrointestinal diseases. Previously, we have reported that GGA binds specifically to the molecular chaperone HSP70. In this paper, we report that GGA bounds to H. pylori HSP70 (product of the DnaK gene) with 26-times higher affinity than to human HSP70, and induced large conformational changes as observed from surface plasmon resonance and circular dichroism. Binding of GGA suppressed the activity of the H. pylori chaperone. GGA also altered several characteristics of H. pylori cells. GGA-treated cells elicited enhanced interleukin-8 production by gastric cancer cell lines and potentiated susceptibility to complement as compared to untreated cells. GGA also caused morphological alterations in H. pylori as reflected in fewer coccoid-like cells, suggesting that GGA converts H. pylori to an actively dividing, spiral state (vegetative form) from a non-growing, coccoid state. This morphological conversion by GGA resulted in accelerated growth of H. pylori. These results suggest a model in which GGA sensitizes H. pylori to antibiotic treatment by converting the cells to an actively growing state

Coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries using TAMA300 and LISM data

Japanese laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors, TAMA300 and LISM, performed a coincident observation during 2001. We perform a coincidence analysis to search for inspiraling compact binaries. The length of data used for the coincidence analysis is 275 hours when both TAMA300 and LISM detectors are operated simultaneously. TAMA300 and LISM data are analyzed by matched filtering, and candidates for gravitational wave events are obtained. If there is a true gravitational wave signal, it should appear in both data of detectors with consistent waveforms characterized by masses of stars, amplitude of the signal, the coalescence time and so on. We introduce a set of coincidence conditions of the parameters, and search for coincident events. This procedure reduces the number of fake events considerably, by a factor $\sim 10^{-4}$ compared with the number of fake events in single detector analysis. We find that the number of events after imposing the coincidence conditions is consistent with the number of accidental coincidences produced purely by noise. We thus find no evidence of gravitational wave signals. We obtain an upper limit of 0.046 /hours (CL $= 90$) to the Galactic event rate within 1kpc from the Earth. The method used in this paper can be applied straightforwardly to the case of coincidence observations with more than two detectors with arbitrary arm directions.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figures, Replaced with the version to be published in Physical Review

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Integrated genetic and clinical prognostic factors for aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

成人T細胞白血病リンパ腫（ATL）におけるゲノム情報と臨床情報を統合したリスクモデルを確立 --ATLの個別化医療を推進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-04-10.The prognosis of aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is poor, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment. To identify favorable prognostic patients after intensive chemotherapy, and who therefore might not require upfront allo-HSCT, we aimed to improve risk stratification of aggressive ATL patients aged <70 years. The clinical risk factors and genetic mutations were incorporated into risk modeling for overall survival (OS). We generated the m7-ATLPI, a clinicogenetic risk model for OS, that included the ATL prognostic index (PI) (ATL-PI) risk category, and non-silent mutations in seven genes, namely TP53, IRF4, RHOA, PRKCB, CARD11, CCR7, and GATA3. In the training cohort of 99 patients, the m7-ATLPI identified a low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group with 2-year OS of 100%, 43%, and 19%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 5.46, p < 0.0001). The m7-ATLPI achieved superior risk stratification compared to the current ATL-PI (C-index 0.92 vs. 0.85, respectively). In the validation cohort of 84 patients, the m7-ATLPI defined low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups with a 2-year OS of 81%, 30%, and 0%, respectively (HR 2.33, p = 0.0094), and the model again outperformed the ATL-PI (C-index 0.72 vs. 0.70, respectively). The simplified m7-ATLPI, which is easier to use in clinical practice, achieved superior risk stratification compared to the ATL-PI, as did the original m7-ATLPI; the simplified version was calculated by summing the following: high-risk ATL-PI category (+10), low-risk ATL-PI category (−4), and non-silent mutations in TP53 (+4), IRF4 (+3), RHOA (+1), PRKCB (+1), CARD11 (+0.5), CCR7 (−2), and GATA3 (−3)