Monophagous olive moth and its bacterial microbiota: unveiling the holobiont towards pest management

Symbiotic-based pest management strategies are promising but require previous knowledge on the microbial community structure and on key microorganisms. Highly specialised pests, as the monophagous olive moth, are likely to have co-evolved microbiota that aid in overcoming specific plant defences that have emerged from the tight insect-plant interaction. Here we report a first attempt to identify olive moth bacterial microbiome based on 16S sequencing. This preliminary analysis intended to highlight potential host–symbiont interactions, representing key aspects in the moth survival and adaptation, such as nutrition (e.g. Pseudomonas sp.), detoxification (e.g. Acetinobacter sp. or Staphylococcus sp.), and protection/defence (e.g. Actinobacteria)

Symbiosis in Sustainable Agriculture: Can Olive Fruit Fly Bacterial Microbiome Be Useful in Pest Management?

The applied importance of symbiosis has been gaining recognition. The relevance of symbiosis has been increasing in agriculture, in developing sustainable practices, including pest management. Insect symbiotic microorganisms’ taxonomical and functional diversity is high, and so is the potential of manipulation of these microbial partners in suppressing pest populations. These strategies, which rely on functional organisms inhabiting the insect, are intrinsically less susceptible to external environmental variations and hence likely to overcome some of the challenges posed by climate change. Rates of climate change in the Mediterranean Basin are expected to exceed global trends for most variables, and this warming will also affect olive production and impact the interactions of olives and their main pest, the obligate olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). This work summarizes the current knowledge on olive fly symbiotic bacteria towards the potential development of symbiosis-based strategies for olive fruit fly control. Particular emphasis is given to Candidatus Erwinia dacicola, an obligate, vertically transmitted endosymbiont that allows the insect to cope with the olive-plant produced defensive compound oleuropein, as a most promising target for a symbiosis disruption approach

Terfezia solaris-libera sp. nov., a new mycorrhizal species within The spiny-spored lineages

A new Terfezia species-Terfezia solaris-libera sp. nov., associated with Tuberaria guttata (Cistaceae) is described from Alentejo, Portugal. T. solaris-libera sp. nov. distinct morphology has been corroborated by its unique ITS-rDNA sequence. Macro and micro morphologic descriptions and phylogenetic analyses of ITS data for this species are provided and discussed in relation to similar spiny-spored species in this genus and its putative host plant Tuberaria guttata. T. solaris-libera sp. nov. differs from other spiny-spored Terfezia species by its poorly delimited and thicker peridium and distinct spore ornamentation, and from all Terfezia spp. in it’s ITS nrDNA sequence. In comparison, T. fanfani usually reach large ascocarp dimensions, often with prismatic peridium cells, with olive green tinges in mature gleba and different spore ornamentation. T. lusitanica has a lighter yellowish and thinner peridium and a blackish gleba upon maturity, T. extremadurensis has a thinner well delimited peridium and Tuber-like gleba and T. cistophila has a spermatic odour and is exclusively associated with Cistus spp

Os pontos de vista privilegiados no ensino da noção de derivad de uma função no ensino superior do brasil

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar os pontos de vista sobre a noção de derivada de uma função desenvolvida no Ensino Médio e que podem servir de apoio para a disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no Ensino Superior. Para isso, escolhemos como referenciais teóricos centrais os pontos de vista de Thurston (1995) e a abordagem teórica em termos de pontos de vista de Rogalski (1995). Para melhor identificar as dificuldades associadas ao ensino e à aprendizagem da noção de derivada na transição Ensino Médio e Superior complementamos as análises utilizando as abordagens teóricas em termos de quadros de Douady (1984) e níveis de conhecimento de Robert(1997) e a teoria antropológica do didático de Bosch e Chevallard (1999). Os resultados encontrados mostram que pouca atenção é dada ao trabalho desenvolvido no Ensino Médio, não se levando em conta os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes, o que pode justificar as dificuldades encontradas por esses nos primeiros anos do Ensino Superior

Olive fruit fly symbiont population: impact of metamorphosis

The current symbiotic view of the organisms also calls for new approaches in the way we perceive and manage our pest species. The olive fruit fly, the most important olive tree pest, is dependent on an obligate bacterial symbiont to its larvae development in the immature fruit. This symbiont, Candidatus (Ca.) Erwinia dacicola, is prevalent throughout the host life stages, and we have shown significant changes in its numbers due to olive fruit fly metamorphosis. The olive fruit fly microbiota was analyzed through 16S metabarcoding, at three development stages: last instar larvae, pupae, and adult. Besides Ca. E. dacicola, the olive fruit flies harbor a diverse bacterial flora of which 13 operational taxonomic units (grouped in 9 genera/species) were now determined to persist excluding at metamorphosis (Corynebacterium sp., Delftia sp., Enhydrobacter sp., Kocuria sp., Micrococcus sp., Propionibacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Raoultella sp., and Staphylococcus sp.). These findings open a new window of opportunities in symbiosis-based pest management.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT—Portugal), through the research project PTDC/ASP-PLA/30650/201

Cuidar da pessoa em situação crítica com dor - uma intervenção de enfermagem especializada na UCI

Mestrado , Enfermagem em Pessoa em Situação Crítica, 2013, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de LisboaA dor é uma experiência subjetiva e transversal a todo o ser humano. O modo como é percecionada e exteriorizada pelo indivíduo depende de inúmeros factores (Al-Shaer, Hill & Anderson, 2011; Direção Geral de Saúde & Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo da Dor, 2001; Ordem dos Enfermeiros, 2008). A dor na pessoa em situação crítica nos cuidados intensivos é uma realidade com grande expressão pelo que a sua avaliação e controlo representam uma responsabilidade acrescida ao enfermeiro. Na minha prática profissional no âmbito da pessoa em situação crítica do foro neurocirúrgico, frequentemente sedada e ventilada, reconheço a falta de uma abordagem de enfermagem sistematizada da dor. Assim, em contexto de estágio de mestrado, pretendo adquirir e desenvolver competências de enfermagem especializadas na avaliação e controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica e, construir uma instrução de trabalho de enfermagem na avaliação e controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica numa unidade de cuidados intensivos. Em três serviços de unidades de saúde diferentes tive oportunidade de desenvolver a gestão da dor e do bem-estar, a gestão do estabelecimento da relação terapêutica com a pessoa/família em situação crítica e gestão da comunicação com a pessoa/família em situação crítica. Dou relevo a uma apropriação do uso complementar das medidas não farmacológicas de controlo da dor com as medidas farmacológicas e das aquisições feitas no campo da comunicação com a pessoa/família em situação crítica. Sucederam igualmente concretizações que passam pelo processo de validação para Portugal de uma escala de avaliação da dor no doente neurocrítico (NVPS) e pela implementação de um protocolo de analgesia no meu contexto de trabalh

Hidden Genetic Variability, Can the Olive Moth Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae or Praydidae?) be a Species’ Complex?

Prays oleae is the second most important pest in Mediterranean olive groves, causing substantial damage on olive production. We used mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5)] and nuclear [ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] amplicons to assess the population variability in five main olive producing regions from Tunisia, to support or dismiss the existence of two non-monophyletic groups within the species, as found within Portugal. Our phylogenetic analysis with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) indeed displayed two distinct and well-supported clades of P. oleae, which were corroborated by the haplotype network reconstructed with both mitochondrial and nuclear amplicons. We were also able to dismiss the hypothesis that one of the clades would not develop on olive fruits. No correlation was observed between clades differentiation and geographic distribution. The existence of cryptic species can impact on the management of agroecosystems and on the perception of how these moths responds to environmental changes

Hyperspectral Reflectance as a Basis to Discriminate Olive Varieties—A Tool for Sustainable Crop Management

Worldwide sustainable development is threatened by current agricultural land change trends, particularly by the increasing rural farmland abandonment and agricultural intensification phenomena. In Mediterranean countries, these processes are affecting especially traditional olive groves with enormous socio-economic costs to rural areas, endangering environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Traditional olive groves abandonment and intensification are clearly related to the reduction of olive oil production income, leading to reduced economic viability. Most promising strategies to boost traditional groves competitiveness—such as olive oil differentiation through adoption of protected denomination of origin labels and development of value-added olive products—rely on knowledge of the olive varieties and its specific properties that confer their uniqueness and authenticity. Given the lack of information about olive varieties on traditional groves, a feasible and inexpensive method of variety identification is required. We analyzed leaf spectral information of ten Portuguese olive varieties with a powerful data-mining approach in order to verify the ability of satellite’s hyperspectral sensors to provide an accurate olive variety identification. Our results show that these olive varieties are distinguishable by leaf reflectance information and suggest that even satellite open-source data could be used to map them. Additional advantages of olive varieties mapping were further discussed

Hyperspectral refrectace as a basis to discriminate olive varieties - a tool for sustainable crop management

Worldwide sustainable development is threatened by current agricultural land change trends, particularly by the increasing rural farmland abandonment and agricultural intensification phenomena. In Mediterranean countries, these processes are a ecting especially traditional olive groves with enormous socio-economic costs to rural areas, endangering environmental sustainability and biodiversity. Traditional olive groves abandonment and intensification are clearly related to the reduction of olive oil production income, leading to reduced economic viability. Most promising strategies to boost traditional groves competitiveness—such as olive oil di erentiation through adoption of protected denomination of origin labels and development of value-added olive products—rely on knowledge of the olive varieties and its specific properties that confer their uniqueness and authenticity. Given the lack of information about olive varieties on traditional groves, a feasible and inexpensive method of variety identification is required. We analyzed leaf spectral information of ten Portuguese olive varieties with a powerful data-mining approach in order to verify the ability of satellite’s hyperspectral sensors to provide an accurate olive variety identification. Our results show that these olive varieties are distinguishable by leaf reflectance information and suggest that even satellite open-source data could be“Integrated protection of the Alentejo olive grove. Contributions to its innovation and improvement against its key enemies” with the reference ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000029. co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund. under the ALENTEJO 2020 (Regional Operational Program of the Alentejo).PTDC/ASP-PLA/30650/2017 (“Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia”. FCT Portugal).National Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project UIDB/05183/202

Symbiosis Specificity of the Preceding Host Plant Can Dominate but Not Obliterate the Association Between Wheat and Its Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Partners

The symbiosis established between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and roots of most land plants plays a key role in plant nutrient acquisition and alleviation of environmental stresses. Despite the ubiquity of the symbiosis, AMF and host species display significant specificity in their interactions. To clarify preferential associations between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and AMF, we characterized root AMF communities in the transition from two first host species, ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and yellow-serradella (Ornithopus compressus), grown separately or together, to a second host (wheat), by sequencing the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) gene. The response of AMF communities in wheat to prior soil disturbance – and consequently of the mycelial network [intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) vs. disrupted mycelium] established with either of the first hosts – was also investigated. Since the outcome of a specific host– symbiont interaction depends on the molecular responses of the host plant upon microbial colonization, we studied the expression of six key symbiosis-related genes in wheat roots. AMF communities on L. rigidum and O. compressus roots were clearly distinct. Within an undisturbed ERM, wheat AMF communities were similar to that of previous host, and O. compressus-wheat-AMF interactions supported a greater growth of wheat than L. rigidum-wheat-AMF interactions. This effect declined when ERM was disrupted, but generated a greater activation of symbiotic genes in wheat, indicating that plant symbiotic program depends on some extent on the colonizing symbiont propagule type. When a mixture of L. rigidum and O. compressus was planted, the wheat colonization pattern resembled that of O. compressus, although this was not reflected in a greater growth. These results show a lasting effect of previous hosts in shaping wheat AMF communities through an efficient use of the established ERM, although not completely obliterating host–symbiont specificity